فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 52، تابستان 1400)

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships of the constituent elements of Iran's e-banking business model. The present research is quantitative in terms of research method, applied in terms of orientation and descriptive in terms of purpose. To achieve the research goal and based on the research background, a six-part conceptual model of Iranian electronic banking was used. Accordingly, by proposing hypotheses on the elements of the model, all possible relationships of the elements of the Iranian e-banking business model were investigated. A questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts, managers and specialists in the field of e-banking business. Before distributing the questionnaire in the community, its face validity was confirmed by university professors and by calculating Cronbach's alpha, its reliability was also confirmed on all variables. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used in unlimited communities and the statistical sample size was 384 people. To analyze the collected data, confirmatory factor analysis was used as one of the advanced statistical methods to model the structural equations and determine the relationships of the constituent elements of the model. The results showed that "cultural contexts", "how banks interact with other industry players" and "how the legislator interacts with banks" affect free e-banking services and "free e-banking services" affect "customer expectations", "wrong pay system" And "the benefit of companies providing payment services from fees" is effective.

Identifying and strengthening social capital in the form of diverse capacities of non-governmental organizations and voluntary memberships increases the level of cooperation of members in social groups and society. Having an acceptable amount of social capital facilitates social actions, so that in times of crisis, social capital can be used as the main source of problem solving and modification of existing processes. The present study, with a practical purpose, deals with the thematic analysis of the narratives of cooperative members about social capital in cooperatives. The results of the data were discussed in 275 concept, primary 9 and secondary categories of "institutional marginalization of cooperatives", "reduction of continuous participation among members" and "poor performance of cooperatives". Finally, these categories were placed in the core category of "weak social and institutional interaction of cooperatives." Accordingly, cooperative injuries in the internal and external dimension are due to the weakness of external institutional social interaction, and to eliminate them, it is necessary to provide institutional empowerment and support.

The purpose of this study was to design an empowerment path for Yazd University to create a map in the innovation ecosystem of Yazd province. The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method is mixed. The statistical population of the study consisted of all faculty members of Yazd University in 2020, from which 10 people were selected as experts to participate in symposiums by judgmental sampling method. Also, 10 people were selected as the respondents to the questionnaire by snowball method. The research method is qualitative in the content analysis section and quantitative in the explanation of causal relations with fuzzy cognitive map method. The results showed that political and legal factors, human capital, leadership style and university management، available financial resources, cultural and social factors, technology، market management, communication management, ability to develop individual factors، educational and research system Governing, strategic management and information systems are the enablers of Yazd University to create a role in the innovation ecosystem of Yazd province. Also, the findings of the study of causal relationships between empowerment factors revealed that among the twelve factors affecting the empowerment of Yazd University to create a role in the innovation ecosystem of Yazd, communication management, technology, human capital, information systems and market management are the most influential empowering factors.

One of the best methods for entrepreneurial finance is Initial dex(decentralized exchange) offerings (IDO). Meanwhile, with the advantage of blockchain technology, the corporate financing of businesses through the initial dex offering emerged as a new phenomenon,. In the present study, by examining 72 financing campaigns of IDO through online exchanges in the first half of 2019, identified the success factors of financing through IDO. The results of the study showed that low prices, low ratio of token offered to all existing token, and a large number of visitors to the exchange are the most vital factors affecting the IDO campaign.

The purpose of this article is to provide a model of entrepreneurship network capability. This research is basic in terms of purpose. Qualitative method - systematic review has been used to collect information. This research has identified, collected and analyzed the various dimensions and documentary propositions and the presented propositions about the capability of the entrepreneurial networking. The statistical population of this research includes all researches in the field of networking capability that are mentioned in the period "open start (without application date) until the end of January 2021" in Scopus database. The search date in the database is July 31, 2021. In this research, to identify research on network capability, using keywords related to network capability terms in "title" and in the subject area of ​​"business, management and accounting" and the type of document, the limited search for "article" and " Conference Paper ", of which 197 papers were found. In the next stage, by studying the abstract of the above documents and using other indicators, 79 articles remained. Mentioned articles were published between 1997 and 2021. The components and dimensions of network capability in these articles, after the coding process, are classified into three categories: attendance, processes and consequences. Finally, the research proposals was presented.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of economic freedom index on the cycle of entrepreneurial activities in Iran. This study was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlation in data collection and analysis, which was performed by ARDL bounds method. For this purpose, data from the global entrepreneurship monitor and the Fraser institute from 2005 to 2017 were used. Data was analyzed using Eviews version9 software. The results showed that the indexes of economic freedom‎ (size of government, legal system and property rights, sound money, freedom to trade internationally and regulation) positively or negatively affect the cycle of entrepreneurial activities (nascent entrepreneurship, total early-stage entrepreneurial, new business ownership, established business ownership and discontinuation of businesses) in Iran. For example, the results showed that the size of government had a negative and significant effect on nascent entrepreneurship, total early-stage entrepreneurial, new business ownership and established business ownership and had a positive and significant effect on the discontinuation of businesses. Findings of this study have good theoretical and practical implications to help researchers and policy makers in the development of entrepreneurial activities.

Although entrepreneurship is fraught with failure, in an economy like Iran, starting a new venture performance after a failure is very difficult. Therefore, the issue of learning from failure is more important for Iranian entrepreneurs. This research tries to investigate the effect of failure experience and learning from failure on the performance of new investment and has been done in a quantitative, survey and descriptive method with a practical purpose. The statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs active in different industries of Qom province in 2019. By simple random sampling method, a questionnaire was sent to all entrepreneurs in likert scale and finally 100 questionnaires were analyzed by structural equation modeling method using SmartPLS 2.0 software. The standard questionnaire has 38 questions. Validity was confirmed by academic experts and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.748. The results show that the majority of entrepreneurs have experience of failure and agree that they can start a new venture performance by learning from failure. According to the results, it can be said that learning and experience of failure in entrepreneurial business are very intertwined and in fact experience of failure plays a key role for learning entrepreneurship, but in order to develop entrepreneurial businesses and according to the Iranian economy & culture is recommended that common entrepreneurial failures should be collected, and learning from failure experience of oneself should be replaced by vicarious failure experience and be taught in university.

The purpose of this study is to identify the components of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. The method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting qualitative-compositional research information. Due to the special nature of the study, the statistical population and the volume of studies include all research studies in the field of university entrepreneurship ecosystem, which were searched with specialized keywords in time period (1387-1399) and (2008-2020) in valid domestic and foreign databases. Finally, 43 articles made it to the final analysis. In the findings, 12 primary sub-categories in the form of 33 secondary sub-categories: Entrepreneurship pedagogy (entrepreneurship training programs, entrepreneurship curricula), university research entrepreneurship (university research management, university research targeting, university research development), university entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship institutionalization, interaction development) Entrepreneurship, development of entrepreneurial events, continuous interaction of university with industry, entrepreneurial strategies, management of entrepreneurial activities), good governance (political policy, economic policy, collective governance), governance in higher education (higher education leadership, modern university management), entrepreneurial manpower ( Human capital development of faculty members, students and staff, human resource management), support and incentives (support mechanisms, incentive mechanisms), entrepreneurship tax (financial resources, financial resource allocation, financial management and planning), legal-regulatory (legal mechanisms, regulatory mechanisms) ), Hard capacities (hard intra-university capacity building, hard extracurricular capacity building), soft capacities (intra-university culture, extracurricular culture) Hey) and competitive atmosphere (intra-university competitiveness and extracurricular competitiveness) were categorized.

The present research, which was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, investigated the effect of business model innovation on creating a competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial capability. The statistical population of the study included 55 managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of information and communication technology in Yazd in 2020, which due to their small number and based on the census method, a questionnaire was distributed and completed to all of them. Data collection tools included standard questionnaires of business model innovation of Pang et al (2019), entrepreneurial capability of Henao-Zapata & Peiró (2018) and competitive advantage of Tabarsa et al (2012). Data analysis was performed using partial least squares method and Smart PLS2 software. The research results show the positive and significant impact of business model innovation on creating competitive advantage and entrepreneurial capability and the positive and significant impact of entrepreneurial capability on creating competitive advantage in knowledge-based companies in the field of information and communication technology. It was also concluded that business model innovation has an indirect effect on creating competitive advantage through entrepreneurial capability.

Different technology transfer methods, in addition to being effective in reducing the technology gap, have other economic consequences. Not paying attention to these effects can add to the economic problems and challenges of countries. Among these effects, employment effect is important especially the effect on skilled and unskilled labor force. In this paper using a systematic review of published scientific research papers on the effect of technology transfer methods on employment; by Sign test and SPSS26 software, the effect of ten selected technology transfer methods has been investigated. At 1% level; among the studied methods, Alliances and Joint ventures were found to be ineffective on employment, the effect of Mergers and Acquisitions, Foreign direct investment, Franchises, Licenses, Multinational corporations, R&D and Spinoffs were significantly positive. In the second stage; Using TOPSIS method, technology transfer methods were ranked based on the effect on skilled and simple labor force. Accordingly, the franchise method was identified as the most appropriate method for employment in the simple labor force and R&D, foreign direct investment and spinoffs were identified as the most appropriate method for employment in the skilled labor force.