نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 38 (پاییز 1400)

Determining the border line between countries is, on the one hand, the main factor of peace and, on the other hand, the indicator of independence, and these two factors, in turn, create an atmosphere in which security prevails. This research has been done using descriptive-analytical method.The findings show that in the absence of agreement between the parties regarding the border line on the construction facilities on the Rahel border rivers, it is that the border line continues vertically on the waterway. This is consistent with the general theory that the boundary divides the sovereignty of countries not only on the ground, but also on the bed and at the air. In addition, the solution, consisting of the vertical extension of the boundary line over waterways, avoids problems that may arise from two different boundaries in adjacent geometric maps.The present study indicates the method of determining the border line on the bridges constructed on the Aras River. On the border bridges on the Aras River, according to the proposal of this research, the border line on the bridge compared to the old Julfa bridge will be changed by 44.13 meters in favor of Islamic Iran.

In recent years, the western and northwestern borders of the country have become the entry point for new drugs and psychedelics, and the border police and the fight against narcotics have faced a serious challenge in the fight against drug trafficking. The aim of this study was to provide strategies to combat the trafficking of emerging addictive substances (NPS) from the borders of West Azerbaijan province. This research was conducted within the framework of qualitative approach and data foundation research method (Strauss and Corbin approach). Participants in the study, which included 20 experts from the NAJA Border Command, the NAJA Counter-Narcotics Police, the Economic Security Police, and emerging drug traffickers and criminals, used purposive sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. Were used. The instrument used for the interview was semi-structured. Findings showed border with supplying countries, poverty and unemployment, high profitability, long borders and border gaps as causal factors, weakness in control equipment and training of border workers, lack of intelligence and pollution of forces involved as Underlying factors and ultimately the tendency to use, targeted propaganda, weakness in religious laws and cultural values and not being controlled by international conventions as interfering factors have a significant impact on the smuggling of emerging addictive substances from the borders of West Azerbaijan province. Consequences included security-disciplinary, personal-social and economic consequences. The results showed that increasing authority, action and practice, public awareness and legislation can be considered as strategies to deal with the central phenomenon.

Streets are one of the most important public spaces in the city, and improving their utility can lead to the security of these spaces. Decreased security in urban areas will reduce the presence of people, reduce social interactions and increase crime. Lighting urban spaces can have a direct impact on strengthening the security and safety of spaces. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the effective role of urban lighting in achieving a safe urban space in order to maintain and sustain pedestrian life and expand security at night in urban spaces. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population includes the citizens of the border town of Kamyaran. Data were collected through a questionnaire and the sample size was estimated to be 200 people. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 software and t-test. The three factors of security, attractiveness, recreation and tourism are the effective parameters of urban lighting in the study area. The quality of urban lighting system is very important in the tendency of citizens to use the space of Imam Khomeini Street.Also, the research findings indicate that increasing the quality of urban lighting system plays an important role in increasing the attractiveness of urban spaces, activity time and comfort And urban security for citizens.There is also a significant and direct relationship between the two variables of lighting and the feeling of security

The border areas are of great importance especially in Iran. Paying attention to the quality of life of border areas and settlements is an important and fundamental strategy for the development of borders as well as integrated territorial development. A fundamental step to improve the quality of life in border areas is the approach that the country's policy and planning system has prepared in the content of development documents. In Iran, five-year development plans as strategic documents of the country's development are for the mentioned currents. In this study, an attempt was made to analyze the content of five-year development plans after the revolution in terms of quality of life in border areas and changes in this approach during six the period of Iran's development documents should be discussed. The present study is applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected by documentary study method. Data analysis has been done in the framework of qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. MAXQDA software was used to analyze the content of six development documents of the country. The results showed that it is inferred that the quality of life in border areas has not been a priority for planners and policymakers so far. Therefore, it can be said that one of the main roots of the current challenges in the border regions is the approach of the policy-making and planning system, which will not change significantly until the continuation of this injustice in policy-making.

Identifying competitive factors in order to enter global markets is very important due to their special place in the development of the country's economy. Meanwhile, border areas have better conditions due to their proximity to other countries and the expansion of global borders. The present study aims to analyze the internationalization of industrial companies in Khuzestan border province to determine what factors are involved in becoming competitive and entering global markets to effectively move industries to more advanced and appropriate stages of exchanges. International Push. This qualitative research has been done by content analysis method and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 experts, managers and experts in the field of export who have more than ten years of work experience and also work in food industry factories with at least a bachelor's degree. . Qualitative data analysis was performed through MAXQDA software. From the qualitative data, 322 codes were extracted as concepts related to international competitiveness, which were categorized into two components: competitive advantage and competitiveness. The results of the research lead to the identification of 9 factors: product cost, product quality, the company has advanced technology, companies have specialized manpower, efficient marketing management in companies, green and organic products, companies have a famous brand, product packaging quality , Companies' easy access to quality raw materials, which gives them a competitive advantage

Smuggling of goods is a problem that is spreading in the context of economic, political, legal and security problems and shortcomings. It has many negative and harmful consequences for the country's economy and overshadows the activities of the official economy and the country's programs and policies. In this regard, problems such as reducing domestic production and increasing unemployment and reducing productive investment and reducing entrepreneurship and reducing public incomes With the government. Nevertheless, various economic and non-economic factors are involved in the phenomenon of smuggling of goods and currency. And relevant experts and researchers to be comprehensively identified and analyzed. In this study, which was conducted to investigate the causes of smuggling of goods in the border cities of West Azerbaijan province, a semi-structured interview technique was used to collect data and a background theory was used to analyze the information. Based on the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria in this region, 18 key informants and trafficking activists, officials and relevant officials, researchers and university professors have been interviewed. The data from the interviews with the participants in the study are classified around three central codes, which are "factors related to unfavorable control policies", "problems and shortcomings in the local community" and "individual and personality factors".

One of the necessities for the development of the border provinces of the country is the existence of appropriate infrastructure and bases for the development of these areas. Medical tourism is one of the ways to develop these areas, which is the basis for the development of this type of tourism due to the fact that Iraq borders the province of Kurdistan. This research is descriptive-analytical and is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consists of Iraqi medical tourists who had referred to Sanandaj for treatment and treatment for 4 months in the period from September 22, 2020 to January 19, 2021. The sampling method of this study is non-random. The sample size was selected based on data saturation, based on data saturation, due to the lack of exact number of statistical population in these 4 months and the inability to measure it by Cochran's formula. The main tool for collecting research data is a questionnaire and these questionnaires were distributed in three hospitals: Kowsar, Besat and Tohid. SPSS software and correlation and regression tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that all components of destination infrastructure (knowledge, security, ease of access and fair pricing) have a significant relationship with the image of medical destination and the variance of destination infrastructure (knowledge, security, ease of access and fair price) is 82%. Explains the medical destination image from the variance.