نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، تابستان 1400)

Neighborhoods are one of the main pillars of urban structure and play an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable urban development, so recognizing the physical pattern of the neighborhood and achieving the desired form is one of the basic issues in order to achieve sustainable urban development. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data collection method was done by filling out a questionnaire with a volume of 400 items. To measure the city form, first 12 related indicators have been operationally defined, then with the help of the SAW model, neighborhoods have been classified into three forms: intensive, intermediate, and scattered, and questionnaires of each neighborhood have been distributed and completed by random clustering method. The results showed that there is a significant difference between stability in different forms, and the degree of stability in the compact form is more than the intermediate and scattered form, and neighborhood No. 10 is the most stable and neighborhood No. 25 is the most unstable neighborhood in the city. Neighborhoods are also categorized in terms of sustainability into 4 homogeneous groups. According to the results, the neighborhoods in the first group have a lower level of stability and the fourth group, which includes dense neighborhoods, is more stable. Also, among the dimensions of stability, the social dimension was in an unfavorable condition and the physical dimension was in a favorable condition.

the basis for more crime. Theories and perspectives related to crime prevention through environmental design can modify the composition and design of the environment in a way that significantly reduces the likelihood of crime occurring. For this purpose, in the present study, to investigate the level of environmental security by focusing on CPTED approach in Rasht Culture District using survey method, to identify the internal and external strengths and weaknesses of the neighborhood from the perspective of environmental security as well as parametric T-Test and The Friedman rank test was used. Based on the results of parametric T-Test, it was concluded that from the point of view of the citizens and residents of the neighborhood, among the components that indicated the assessment of the status of crime prevention components through environmental design in the cultural district, the frequency of homicide and crime in the city Average rating of 4.44 in the last rank and emphasis on laws that can provide security for citizens was average of 99 in the first priority, indicating the desirable status of environmental security in the neighborhood as well as attention to the ordering of other components Gives. Also, the results of the Friedman test used to compare environmental abilities to establish security in the neighborhood of culture show that the component of "tradition dictates to help our fellow citizens in difficult conditions" with an average rating of 4.12 in the first priority and "Looking out of the windows at the neighborhood streets enhances the sense of security," with an average rating of 2.1 being the top priority. As can be seen, there is a significant difference between the components of environmental capabilities for security in the Rasht cultural district in terms of priority and importance.

Wind and wind velocity data from satellite QUIKSCAT, for 10 years and the monthly average, in the Jask Bay(latitude of 25.1 into 25.5 North and longitude 57.2 into 58 East) were extracted. Convenient digital map of the study area were prepared using the software ArcGIS 9.3 and XTools Pro 7.1, spatial modeling of currents due to wind by Kriging interpolation method during all months of the year was done. The result of continuous development of maps of the velocity and direction of wind driven currents and also produce various charts for months. For optimal display the currents direction, two-dimensional and three-dimensional map was drawn. In the Jask Bay of the Oman Sea, the maximum velocity of wind driven currents in August 0.47 m / s and the lowest in October, is 0.14 m / s respectively. In autumn, the difference between the lowest and highest wind driven velocity in the Jask Bay is 0.29 m / s that have highest range in all seasons, so in spring the range of wind driven velocity is the lowest 0.03 m/s. In winter and spring, the pattern of wind driven current direction is southwestern, in summer is east and northeast and in autumn, south and southwest.

Abstract Identifying the Demographic trends in movement and population mobility within the administrative-political borders of the country makes population policies based on reliable information and existing facts. This article has been done with a geographical approach, understanding of the dimensions of migration and spatial mobility in rural regiones of Guilan, And content analysis is based on collecting information from all villages of the province. According to the information obtained, 180,467 immigrants have been counted in the form of 61,597 households that 75 percent negative and 25 percent temporary migration into permanent housing in the form of refugees are returning. The destination of the reverse migration was plain villages and the destination of permanent migrants was mainly the mountainous villages. The villages of Rasht township with 37.4%, Lahijan with 7.6% and the roodsar with 7% have the highest rate of settlement in the villages, respectively. Tehran province with 47% and Isfahan with 12.8%, Ardabil with 9.9% and Alborz with 5.9% are the most important migrating provinces to the villages of the Guilan. The achievements of this study showed that this population movement is a function of modernization, living disorders in densely populated cities, climate risks and water shortages in the central and southern provinces, tourism and retirement time. Keywords: Migration, Spatial mobility, Rural migration, Reverse and return migration, Guilan province

The present research is applied in terms of research method and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature. In order to better investigate this study, security dimensions were divided into four dimensions: honor, financial, and social dimensions, and related relics were designed and developed in terms of Likert spectrum. Then, 20 indicators were used to measure the impact of the villagers' sense of security and analysis. Independent variable of research, physical design of the village and its dependent variable is the sense of security of the villagers. The method of collecting information was library (checking of book, article and internet resources) and field (questionnaire and direct observation and interview with household heads). One of these methods was used in each stage of research, as needed. . Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, single sample T test and analysis of variance). The statistical population of the study is the villagers in the villages of Rasht city. In the studied area, there are 299 inhabited villages. The results of the research indicate that the indicators of physical characteristics in the sense of security of the villagers have been affected by the fact that the villagers did not have any issues such as proximity to highways or urban roads, proximity to factories, proximity to ruined monuments, and the location of houses on the margins of the village. Light enough, narrow alleys, deserted buildings, and ... are considered important factors in reducing security

The cultural competence of tour leaders has a significant impact on their job performance and the satisfaction of tourists from travel agency and it is necessary to pay more attention to this in tourism researches. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cultural competence of tour leaders in two historical destinations of Masuleh and Abyaneh. The statistical population of this study is domestic tourists travelling through group package tours in this two destinations. The dimensions and components of the cultural competence of the leaders were investigated using questionnaire and collected data by structural equation modeling were analyzed. The results showed that among the ten cultural competencies indices of tour leaders, cultural mediation (both), Understanding local travel environment (both), Cross-cultural communication and Interaction skills (both), cultural mediation (both), Understanding local Culture (Abyaneh), Language ability (Abyaneh) and cultural empathy (Masuleh) are components that must be developed in tour leaders of two destinations to increase the satisfaction of tourists and their loyalty to travel agency. The result of this study suggest that managers of tourism institutions teach soft skills in to tour leaders in addition to training courses.