نشریه سیاست نامه علم و فناوری
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 35، تابستان 1400)

In recent decades, small and medium-sized businesses have played an important role in international business. However, insufficient familiarity of company managers with the indicators of internationalization is one of the most important factors that has caused Iran to report an unacceptable situation compared to other neighboring countries in terms of value of the activities of small and medium companies. Accordingly, the present study presents a model of internationalization of small and medium industrial businesses supported by the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund in 1398 using a quantitative research method using the structural equation method. The statistical population of the present study includes experts, elites, university professors in the field of business, entrepreneurship and internationalization and active experts in the field of entrepreneurship, as well as small and medium business managers who are members of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund; 65 of them have been studied using the Cochran's formula. The results of this study indicate that the variables of product specificity, product diversity have a positive and significant effect on the internationalization of small and medium businesses. At the same time, international relations have a negative and significant effect on the internationalization of small and medium-sized businesses. It is suggested that small and medium business managers supported by Omid Entrepreneurship Fund try to increase and improve the quality, innovation and diversity of their products, which will increase their strength in global markets by increasing the credibility of their brand and customers.

Increasing community attention to sustainability issues has created the need to pay attention to improving sustainable performance in SMEs. Different industries and companies for improve their sustainable performance need to effectively communicate with universities. So that they can take advantage of the competitive benefits of education and research. There are very importance in the different companies, that SMEs are not able to improve all performance criterions at the same time due to their inherent limitations. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective factors on improving the sustainable performance of SMEs using the Q method, and then ranking these factors by using the best - worst method. The statistical population of this research includes knowledgeable experts on the relationship between university and industry which is from the province of Guilan. Rasht SMEs were selected. and a total of 11 experts were used as samples. After the Q method, four subjective groups with the names of empowerment, leadership, market orientation and operation were identified, each having four sub-criteria. Finally, by performing the best - worst case analysis and data analysis using GAMZ software, the results showed that the most important factor affecting the sustainable performance of SMEs and improved through university and industry communication, is Leadership.

Given the complexities, sensitivities, and extent of the banking system, it is necessary to identify the various dimensions of this industry from different perspectives. One of the key points in this field is the introduction of new technologies, recognizing the effects and opportunities resulting from the influence and acceptance of these technologies. As one of the most attractive and emerging technologies, block-chain can potentially change the businesses, roles, and structures of the banking industry. For this purpose, this research aims to identify the windows of opportunity of blockchain technology and its impact on the Iranian banking industry by using a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Therefore, in order to collect data, library studies (research articles, books, and other scientific documents from reputable databases) and field studies (semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of block-chain technology and banking) have been used. The findings of this study that are based on three windows of opportunity (market and demand, technology, policy, and institutional) indicate that elimination of intermediation, decentralized services in the field of authentication, and information sharing can be considered as a window of opportunity for demand. The ability to innovate and adapt to current banking services using the block-chain private network for major players and the block-chain public network for fin-techs is one of the issues associated with technology windows of opportunity. Also, the instructions issued by the Central Bank in the field of cryptocurrencies, international sanctions that, despite creating problems and restrictions, provide an incentive to provide some banking services such as international money transfers have been identified as policy-institutional windows of opportunities

Given the position and importance of foreign direct investment in technology transfer, it is necessary to analyze the key stakeholders in the field of foreign direct investment to understand, anticipate, and meet the needs and expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the key stakeholders of technology transfer (foreign direct investment) in the public sector of Iran.The statistical population of the study was the stakeholders in foreign direct investment of the Iranian public sector. Qualitative sample samples were selected by snowball sampling method and quantitative sample by available sampling method. The brainstorming technique was used to initially identify stakeholders related to foreign investment, the Brown & Clark (2006) theme analysis method was used to identify stakeholder expectations, and the interest-power matrix was used to identify key stakeholders.Findings indicated 19 primary stakeholder organizations in the field of foreign direct investment in the first stage and stakeholder expectations in the four main themes of economic factors, social factors, cultural factors and managerial and legal factors. Budget, Foreign Investment Center, Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, Central Bank, Ministry of Interior, NGOs, Mazandaran Chamber of Commerce, Free Trade Zones, President were identified as key stakeholders. As a result, paying attention to economic, social, cultural and managerial-legal factors was recommended to policy makers in order to meet the expectations of key stakeholders and attract more foreign investment in our country.

With the increasing influence of the media in society, the need to use mobile commerce has become more important than ever. Due to the novelty of this field, the adoption of its use by individuals has faced various challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the adoption of mobile commerce and their effects on each other to be carefully examined. To conduct the study, the factors affecting adoption were first identified through the literature and localized by expert review, and then analyzed using fuzzy cognitive mapping method. The data used for the analysis were collected by 15 experts in the field of mobile business, 7 of whom were in the field of academia and 8 of whom were active in the industry through an online questionnaire. The results showed that Customer satisfaction with the performance of mobile commerce, customer loyalty to the use of this technology, expanding wireless network coverage by mobile operators, increasing customer trust in online vendors, increasing management skills in using mobile commerce have a higher priority than other factors. Finally, according to the results, policy recommendations for the development of mobile commerce are provided to organizations, government, telecom operators, financial service providers, and mobile application developers.

Bitcoin is the most important and valuable digital currency based on China Blockchain technology. This currency is accepted and used in many countries. In this study, with the help of Meta-UTAUT meta-model, we intend to evaluate the factors affecting the adoption of bitcoin technology in Iran. An electronic questionnaire was sent to sites and groups in cyberspace that worked in the field of digital currencies and bitcoins to provide to their users. 420 questionnaires were analyzed. The statistical community includes users of associations and groups related to digital currency on the Internet and social media, which is considered an unlimited statistical community. Morgan table was also used to determine the minimum sample size The research consists of 6 hypotheses and the final results showed that compatibility, personal innovation in IT and resistance to change have a positive effect on behavioral intention, as well as behavioral intention has a positive effect on use behavior in accepting the use of bitcoin in Iran..

Over the past seven decades, strategic management has been one of the most important areas of study for business schools, as well as practical areas for business and commerce around the world. At the same time, it has seen significant progress in terms of developing covered areas. In order to know what a strategy is, it is best to be more familiar with its evolution. The periods of evolution and growth of strategic management can be examined from different angles. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine the evolution of strategy. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is of the type of library studies with a review approach. The evolution of this research includes the study of historical developmental periods of strategy, the course of space related to strategic research, the course of thinkers and their proposed theories, the time course of strategic management and course in research journals in this field, which is mentioned in detail in the article.

High drop-out rates, low test scores, and rising social disruptions in schools are prominent indicators that education should change based on that, and management should be considered as a solution to problems. This article reviews the successful school management literature. In fact, the main focus is on the international literature of successful schools, especially the findings of the ISSPP project. The main purpose is to review and summarize the main findings of the empirical study of successful school management. Some of these findings highlight characteristics of successful school principals that often increase their degree of homogeneity. These findings are categorized into several important principles, all of which are supported by very strong empirical evidence. The first two cases have the most evidence. The results of review studies suggest that we may need to correct and redefine today's school principals and what they are doing to achieve students' academic success.

In today's competitive environment, organizations are able to support the individual individually and simply by replenishing their resources to organize you for strategic use; And they have to partner with other companies and organizations. The purpose of this study is to succeed in the success of the strategic union in project organizations in Iran. In this research, the key task of influencing the success of the strategic union in the organization of projects using the systematic review method; Identified and classified using descriptive analysis. Then, using a survey strategy and by distributing questionnaires among activists in the organization of political projects, these factors were caused and analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi technique by distributing 12 questionnaires among experts in this field. The most effective factor used in the success of the strategic union is the existence of problem solving teams, which were classified in the source perspective group. The preference of this theory, as the most important theoretical support explaining the key factors of success in the strategic union of project production organizations can be the lack of transparency and confidence in the relations of industry actors and ineffectiveness.

Science, technology and innovation (STI) policy is shaped by persistent framings that arise from historical context. Two established frames are identified as co-existing and dominant in contemporary innovation policy discussions. The first frame is identified as beginning with a Post-World War II institutionalisation of government support for science and R&D with the presumption that this would contribute to growth and address market failure in private provision of new knowledge. The second frame emerged in the 1980s globalising world and its emphasis on competitiveness which is shaped by the national systems of innovation for knowledge creation and commercialisation. STI policy focuses on building links, clusters and networks, and on stimulating learning between elements in the systems, and enabling entrepreneurship. A third frame linked to contemporary social and environmental challenges such as the Sustainable Development Goals and calling for transformative change is identified and distinguished from the two earlier frames. Transformation refers to socio-technical system change as conceptualised in the sustainability transitions literature. The nature of this third framing is examined with the aim of identifying its key features and its potential for provoking a re-examination of the earlier two frames. One key feature is its focus on experimentation, and the argument that the Global South does not need to play catch-up to follow the transformation model of the Global North. It is argued that all three frames are relevant for policymaking, but exploring options for transformative innovation policy should be a priority.