پژوهش نامه ی علوی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

From Christova's point of view, every text is related to the cultures and texts of the past and is created in dialogue with them. Sanai's poems have a special and significant connection with Naser Khosrow's poems on various subjects. The subject of Imam Ali (as) is widely reflected in the poems of both poets, and both depict the text of the Imamate and the image of that Imam. In the present study, which is descriptive-analytical and library-based, we examine the poems of Sanai and Nasser Khosrow based on the intertextual theory of Christova and Genet. The result is that the present text in different topics consciously observes the absent text and conveys the content of the absent text to the audience with various, creative and artistic forms and expressions. Most of Christie's intertextual methods, which are seen in the poems of the two poets, are related to symmetrical negation and negation, and in some subjects Sanai, by deviating from Naser Khosrow's point of view, creatively and with a different approach, completely negates the missing text.

The socio-political guardianship of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) is an inalienable right from God Almighty, which has been emphasized by the Holy Quran and the Ahl al-Bayt (as) itself, including the Nahj al-Balaghah. Despite the specificity and quality of Ibn Abi al-Hadid's commentary on Nahj al-Balabagh, in some cases of his commentary and interpratation, he has followed the path of injustice and has explained the orders of the Imam based on his doctrinal and jurisprudential principles. In this article, after providing basic services as well as theoretical and general principles, to explain the issue of a socio-political province of Amir al-Mo'menin against Islam has been made from the perspective of Ibn Abi al-Hadid. In the meantime, he explains the explanations that he gave about the order of the Commander of the Faithful (pbuh) regarding the rightfulness of the Imam in the matter of a province, as well as the distinction between superiority and the caliphate and other related matters. Then let us use the criticisms leveled at Ibn Abi al-Hadid about his explanations. The findings of the present study are the unfair judgment of Ibn Abi al-Hadid on the issue of the socio-political governorship of the Amir al-Mu'minin (as), which refers to the orders of the Imam in Nahj al-Balaghah. In this regard, he has turned a blind eye to the truth by insisting on the presuppositions arising from his beliefs and jurisprudence within his denomination. The purpose of this article is to explain the interpretations of Ibn Abi al-Hadid following the orders of Hazrat Amir (as) on the issue of the socio-political guardianship of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) and then to critique his interpretations. The method of this basic work is analysis and critique based on documents, which is done by referring to library books, reputable sites and related software.

Vocabulary semantics has been one of the branches of linguistics ,which deals with the semantic analysis of words and sentences in a text and clarifies the relationship between them through the semantic system. This method helps the reader to pay attention to the context and accuracy of the words, from the perspective of the speaker or writer, look at the text and achieve a chain of meaning. Such a process, a better understanding of various texts, especially religious texts, such as Nahj al-Balaghah and the words used in it. Hedayat is a widely used word in Nahj al-Balaghah around which various doctrinal, educational and moral issues have been raised. The present study has been organized by descriptive-analytical method and using simultaneous semantics, with the aim of understanding the tools, effective concepts and achieving the semantic field of the word guidance in Nahj-al-Balagheh. Studies have shown that the basic meaning of guidance is guidance, and various areas can be proposed in connection with this word, including: instrumental companions, such as the Prophet (PBUH); Leading companions, such as asking for divine help; Fellow companions like the devil; Related words, such as having a healthy heart; Contradictory words, such as misguidance. From the analysis of the above data, it can be concluded that guidance is salvation from God to those who have a sound heart and do not walk in the path of error and destruction. Drawing the semantic field of the word guidance in Nahj al-Balaghah, based on the method of synchronicity and lexical companionship, is considered as one of the innovations of the present study.

The letter of the six Nahj al-Balaghah addressed to Mu'awiyah is a writing in which the Imam (as) spoke to Mu'awiyah about the necessity of allegiance to him and in the manner of his acceptable protest, and gave an argumentative answer to the doubts he had raised. Citing this letter, some Sunni writers considered allegiance to the caliphs in accordance with the view of the Prophet and sought to deny the divine message of the Imamate. Mahmoud Shukri Alusi is one of the authors who, in his book "Al-Sayyuf al-Mashreqah al-Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq al-Muharraqa", considers the response of Shiite scholars to the above-mentioned suspicion to be inadequate and refutes it with numerous statements. The present article seeks to analyze the validity of his statements. By examining the context of Hazrat's letter and Benjamiyya's view on the installation of Ali (as), what he has stated is denied, and a study of the historical currents of the period of writing the letter and analysis of Hazrat's words about Mu'awiyah, what he seeks to justify his actions. And Mu'awiyah's beliefs have come out, it shakes.

The ethical policies of a ruler during his reign will clarify and highlight the pre- and post-government claims Imam Ali's (as) emphasis on the primacy of morality shows that the moral teachings of his caliphate were no different from what was emphasized before his rule. In the Battle of Jaml, as the first war imposed on the Imam, although it had unfortunate consequences, the moral-oriented leadership first tries to prevent the outbreak of war with appropriate moral principles and Even after the war, by behaving and behaving properly with his enemies, he should show that morality-oriented humanity has superiority over immoral religious people. The present article, according to the new theory in the field of leadership theories and by examining the biography of Imam Ali (AS) in a descriptive-analytical method, tries to explain to what extent the propositions based on the ethics axis in the Camel War have been able to prove this theory. The findings show that the methods used by the Imam, including dialogue based on specific ethical propositions, attention to reformist demands, preservation of human dignity and protection of the rights of dissidents and dissidents, not based on kinship and history in various political arenas, to repel the conflict that has occurred in society with the ethical behavior of the ruler.

Relational factors are a set of linguistic elements that cause the connection of words, especially sentences, these factors are placed between the two sentences or the first of them and link them together. The most important classification of relational elements from the point of view of Halliday and Roghayeh Hassan is manifested in four types of time: incremental, causal and contradictory. The element of temporal relevance has different types such as: sequential temporal relevance, concurrent temporal relevance, referential temporal relevance and do-it-yourself temporal relevance. , Faqihi and Fayz al-Islam) and how to show coherence and coherence in their context by giving scattered examples. Finally, the temporal relevance elements used in the selected examples were more related to the semantic structure of the sentences, although these elements were apparent in most of the examples, but with more reflection on the examples and translations mentioned, it can be seen that these elements sometimes Despite their lack of appearance, the semantic and conceptual construction of the phrase and the text are intertwined.

During the caliphate of Ali (AS), the government's approach in the case of how deal with non-Muslim citizens - the Dhimmis - was a function of religious principles and the views of the ruling body in this regard. Given the importance of this period in determining the methods and subsequent positions of the Shiite community in relation to the congregations of the People of the Book, the main question is that what was the social status of the Dhimmis in the Alawite government and how their situation was different from the previous caliphs and how did Ali (AS), as the founder of good governance practices in the Shiite community, treat them in his rule? The findings of this study, which is based on a descriptive-analytical method, show that the Dhimmis in this period have more social and religious freedoms than in the time of the Rashidun caliphs, and their religious ceremonies were freely performed and They did not have any restricted   in this regard. In addition, the Alawite government took care of their social demands and rights, and the Dhimmis, like the Muslims, enjoyed a desirable social status, and the only social restriction was that they were not employed in the administration of Muslim affairs, and that such decisions and Ali (AS) 's policy was based on Quranic teachings and fear of practicing the Prophetic tradition.

Power is the main component of governing any society and establishing order in any political system, which over time has always undergone many theoretical and practical changes that have been considered by thinkers. Smart power is a type of power that comes from a combination of hard and soft sources of power and features such as rationality, ingenuity and intelligence. Religious sources have also given meaning and definitions to this concept, which is significant. Nahj al-Balagha possesses the elements of Smart power by being a religious and political leader who, according to the Shiites, has set an ideal example of government. This research, which is organized by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of what are the components of Smart power in Nahj-al-Balaghah? The necessity of the issue is that the smarter the government behavior of the rulers, the more desirable the management of the society will be. The type of rule and Imam Ali's (as) view of power, the relationship between the people and the government and the expression of characteristics for them indicate the existence of components for Smart power in Nahj al-Balaghah and refer to their characteristics. Findings show that these components in the hard field include economic issues, military affairs and in the soft field include culture, political values and foreign policy that their prudent and wise combination of the components of Smart power with The characteristics of the people's support and cooperation with the political system, the failure of foreign opponents and enemies, and show us security, welfare and prosperity for the people.

Critical discourse analysis is a visionary approach that is important in discovering the worldview of discourse. Theon van Dyke, one of the leading theorists in the field of critical discourse analysis, emphasized the ideological square theory by emphasizing that the ideological worldview can be represented in language. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and with the assumption that one can have a discourse reading of arrogance, examines the arrogance of Ali (AS) and the Jews in the Khyber War based on Van Dyke's ideological quadratic model in critical discourse analysis. Discover how to represent the ideology of the dialogue parties, deeper understanding of the layers of the text. The result of the research shows that in these arrogances, the atmosphere of conflict is represented by the discourse strategy of polarization between the two groups of Ali (AS) and his enemies. Similar, the absolute object of a kind and emphasis, presenting the news at the beginning and rhetorical approaches of simile, Makniyeh metaphor and lexical structures that have a negative ideological burden "Al-Kufra, the people of immorality" and lexical structures that have a positive ideological burden "Rabbi Khair Nasser, Amen Ballah" He pointed out that effective language plays an important role in marginalizing the arrogance of the opposition and propagating Islam and proving its legitimacy against the Jews.

The legitimacy of Imam Ali's (as) caliphate and his position among the Rashidun caliphs in terms of superiority had become a completely problematic issue in the third century among Sunni scholars, and conflicting views were expressed about it. One of those who took a completely positive position and agreed with the Shiite belief was Abu Ja'far al-Skafi (d. 240 AH), a Mu'tazilite scholar from Baghdad. Like most Mu'tazilites in Baghdad, he placed Imam Ali (as) in a higher position than the previous three caliphs and did not consider the Imam's civil wars to be a violation of the legitimacy of his caliphate. In addition, he made the strongest defenses of the Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (as) against the Nasebis, including the Morja'a, Osmaniyyah, the Baghdadi narrators, and even a number of Mu'tazilites. In this study, Scafi's views were examined based on his two remaining books, Al-Me'yar and Al-Mowazneh and Jahez's Naqz al- Osmaniyyah. The findings of this study indicate that Scafi's works had an effective role in eliminating negative propaganda against the Imam and became a criterion and guide for Sunnis to know the Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS) correctly.

Peace brings security to society, calmness to the people, comfort to the army and prosperity to the cities. But these effects will come at a time when the regulations and conditions of peace are being observed. Some of the most important conditions of peace are reflected in Imam Ali's speech, especially in the Malik Ashtar Treaty. The purpose of this investigation is to study and explain these conditions from the of Imam Ali viewpoint. The findings of the investigation show that peace is inherently desirable from the viewpoint of that Imam, but provided that it has been pleasing to God and the dignity and authority of the Islamic society is preserve in it. On the other hand, the Imam mentions several points as conditions of peace, which are: awareness of the enemy's conspiracies and beware of it; Futurism and foresight and lack of suspicion to the enemy; Transparency and clarity of the peace treaty and its non- Interpretability; And ultimately adherence to peace treaties and avoiding any deception or violation of contract. In this investigation, descriptive-analytical method has been used.

Ghadir Khumm, as the most prominent Eid of the Islamic Ummah and the beginning of the guardianship of Imam Ali (as), is very important.There are so many narrations that have described the event of this Day, or are somehow related to Ghadir.These narrations are placed in different groups and form different types.The authors of Islamic texts, due to their interest in narrating the event of Ghadir, have quoted a number of these narrations in their books, including 'Imad al-Din Muhammad ibn Abul-Qasim al-Tabari (sixth century).The main question is how the great Islamic writers looked at the event of Ghadir, and reflected what narrations in explaining and promoting the Ghadir culture in their works.The typology of Ghadir narrations in this book, Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā, will noticeably help to know Ghadir and all kinds of related issues thereof. In this article, which is organized in a descriptive-analytic method, will be shown the types of narrations about the virtue and actions of Ghadir, audience in Ghadir, Imam's contention about Ghadir, etc.