مجله پژوهش های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، تابستان 1400)

Climate change and drought have greatly affected the vulnerability of rural households. This study aimed to Analyzing the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province of Iran for food insecurity under drought and also analyzing their adaptive responses to drought in terms of attitude and action. It was a survey research and data was collected from a sample of population based on the stratified random sampling. The sample population was 270 respondents from Fars Province by using Shaffer formula. The data was analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software. Based on the results, the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province to drought is above average, which sensitivity factor has the highest effect on vulnerability of rural households. Also, the results of the study showed that the most effective adaptation strategies to reduce of drought Consequences are significantly dependent on government support. However, less vulnerable households have more strategic options for coping with the consequences of drought. Cluster analysis indicated that based on the two groups of respondents with the low and high vulnerability that According to it, the studied rural households were compared in terms of some characteristics.

With the expansion of urbanization and an increase in the unemployed population, agricultural activities within and around the urban areas provide a wide range of business opportunities to urban young people and university graduates, especially in developing and low-income countries. The development of urban agricultural businesses, like those in other sectors of the economy, always faces problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges of entrepreneurial urban agricultural businesses. The approach of this study is qualitative and grounded theory methodology was used in this study. Information in this study collected by using semi-structured interviews with 23 business owners and entrepreneurs in different agricultural fields have been used in Zanjan Township. By analyzing the content of the interviews, 116 conceptual propositions related to the purpose of the research were extracted during open coding. These concepts were categorized into 22 subcategories during axial coding and then into 7 general categories during selective coding. According to this category, the most important development challenges of urban agricultural businesses include economic, spatial - climatic, legal - institutional, scientific-educational, technological, cultural - social and challenges related to market access and business profitability.

The purpose of this study is structural analysis of the role of components affecting the empowerment of rural entrepreneurs in Hamadan province with emphasis on the role of educational-terrorist components. To achieve this goal, a navigation technique was used. The statistical population of the study included rural entrepreneurs in Hamedan province who were selected using simple random sampling method and the required information was collected using a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSSWin22 and Amos Graphics software’s were used. According to the research findings in the inferential section and the structural model of the entrepreneurial family status subscales, the level of knowledge and education and the amount of access to production inputs had the greatest impact on the ability of the studied entrepreneurs. According to these coefficients, the lowest impact is related to psychological variables and the highest impact is related to educational variables. Accordingly, it is recommended that the relevant organizations, especially in the field of agricultural extension and education, identify the leading entrepreneurs and local leaders and use their knowledge in compliance with natural conditions to transfer it to entrepreneurs.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources in the Mahidasht Plain of Kermanshah County, Iran. A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach. The purposive sampling method was conducted using snowball method. Data collection was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with four groups of key informants, including managers, experts, researchers, and university lecturers from 10 organizations related to agricultural water resources (N=51). Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA-10 software concurrently with data collection. Also content analysis of documents related to the research subject was conducted. 347 primary codes, 5 main categories, and 11 sub- categories emerged as the results of qualitative content analysis process. These categories as the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources, include: Improving cultural and social situation including, making culture for optimal consumption of resources (39 codes), increasing participation (29 codes), and creating employment opportunities (22 codes); improving economic situation of stakeholders including, increasing agricultural production and productivity (26 codes) and increasing income (24 codes); improving policy-making including, agricultural development (28 codes) and water resources policies (37 codes); improving organizational and institutional interactions between agricultural extension and research organizations and universities (33 codes) and the Non-governmental and private organization (28 codes); and modifying behaviors toward exploitation of fundamental production resources (42 codes) and unsustainable production practices (28 codes). These key roles for agricultural extension is essential to help solving the water crisis.

Since the onset of the, researchers have introduced various medicines as candidates for treatment or prevention, the effects of which are still questionable. In the meantime, medicinal plants as a product derived from nature was reported as one of the most popular options in the world, the effects of which are still being studied and tested. This subject led this study to investigate the mediating role of attitude in the relation of independent variables and the tendency to use medicinal plants among the population of rural women of Zanjan province. The study using survey method and questionnaire as tool which its validity and reliability were confirmed, collected data in accordance with health protocols. Sampling conducted using multi stage cluster sampling and the number of samples was determined using Cochran's formula equal to 272 people. The results indicated that economic and social variables, characteristics of medicinal plants, and knowledge had a positive and significant effect on attitude and attitude as a mediator was able to explain 55% of the changes in the tendency to use medicinal plants. Further, Corona anxiety directly played a significant role in explaining the tendency to use herbs, but in the indirect model it did not have a significant effect on attitude.

Awareness of attitude, tendency and behavior of consumer are important factors for organic product producer. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the affecting factors on intention of consumer among agricultural students of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. According to the results, lack of information about organic products was the effective factor in regard to attitude component status. Role of family and reference group were the most effective variable for the subjective norms component. In terms of empowering component, knowledge factor and low awareness about organic products were the most important variable. About behavioral intention, respondents were aware of the significance of organic product. In terms of consumer behavior, students have had a positive regard to organic products and accessibility. All components, besides empowering component, were confirmed with relatively high correlation. The effect of subjective norm on behavioral intention and causal relationship between behavioral intention and consumption behavior were significant.