فهرست مطالب

Plant Physiology - Volume:11 Issue: 4, Summer 2021

Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Summer 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/07/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mamdouh Nemat Alla *, Nemat Hassan Pages 3755-3768
    Ten-day-old maize seedlings, grown from grains dressed with naphthalic anhydride (NA, 0.4% w/w by seed weight), were treated with imazethapyr (Imz), 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) or their combination and samples were collected after 5 days. Imz provoked significant reduction in growth parameters concomitant with inhibition in acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) activity, protein, branched-chain amino acids, glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA). However, lipid peroxides and H2O2 were elevated while the activities of nitrate reductase/nitrite reductase (NR/NiR), glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) and catalase/ascorbate peroxidase (CAT/APX) were inhibited. The application of NA alleviated these impacts and declined Imz residues while ABT led to high levels; nonetheless, NA became no longer effective when ABT was present. These findings indicate that Imz toxicity in maize is antagonized by NA and synergized by ABT, such antagonism or synergism could be concluded to be attributed to enhanced detoxification or protraction of herbicide persistence, respectively. On the other hand, the changes in both AHAS activity and the branched-chain amino acids due to treatments were highly correlated. The slight changes in NR/NiR and the inhibition in GS/GOGAT reveal that protein drop is not due to ammonia demand but to decreased branched-chain amino acids. Moreover, Imz decreased Vmax of AHAS, NR, NiR, GS, GOGAT, CAT and APX but unchanged their Km except the increased Km of only AHAS indicating that the inhibition is mixed for AHAS and noncompetitive for the others.
    Keywords: acetohydroxyacid synthase, branched-chain amino acids, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase
  • Mohammad Sedghi *, Parisa Sheikhnavaz Jahed, Sahar Gholi Tolouie Pages 3769-3778

    In order to assess the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZO-NP) on soybean seed germination under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, in 2013. The experiment consisted of three levels of drought (0, -0.5 and -1 MPa) and various concentrations of ZO-NP (0, 0.5 and 1 g lit-1). The soybean seeds used in this experiment was the DPX prepared from the Moghan Agricultural Research Center. The results showed that drought stress reduced the activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malate synthase and isocitrate lyase enzymes together with the germination rate, ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol concentration. However, the use of ZO-NP could counteract the adverse effects of drought, so that non-enzymatic antioxidant levels and antioxidant enzyme activity was increased and this improved the germination rate. Applying ZO-NP increased the activity of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase enzymes. Based on these results, it seems that the use of ZN-OP can be one way to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress during soybean germination.

    Keywords: Antioxidant, germination, drought, soybean, Nano Zinc Oxide
  • Iman Tavakoli Kaghaz, Fatemeh Nakhaei *, Seyedgholamreza Mosavi, Mohammadjavad Seghatoleslami Pages 3779-3788
    Seedy barberry (Berberis integerrima L.) has many applications in pharmaceutical, food, and health industries and grows naturally in Iran. To study the phytochemical properties of seedy barberry fruits and leaves in Kerman province, 5 habitats including Bam, Jiroft, Anbarabad, Rabar, and Baft were selected. The phytochemical properties of the fruit including pH, malic acid, soluble solids, anthocyanin, dry weight, antioxidant properties, and total phenol, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the leaves were studied in a completely randomized design. Results showed that the sample from Anbarabad habitat had the highest pH (3.66), TSS (17.10%), fruit dry weight (3.66 g), total chlorophyll (0.99 μg g-1), and carotenoids (1.82 μg g-1), showing significant differences from the samples obtained from the other habitats. In addition, the antioxidant properties of Jiroft (0.42 mg g-1) and Rabar (0.40 mg g-1) samples were significantly 5%, respectively higher than those of the other habitats. The maximum and minimum levels of malic acid contents were recorded in the samples obtained from Jiroft and Bam, by 3.51% and 2.8%, respectively. Dendrogram analysis divided the biochemical properties of the seedy barberry populations into two main groups. Bam, Rabar, Baft, and Jiroft were grouped together and Anbarabad population made another group. The study concluded that the phytochemical properties of seedy barberry varies in different habitats.
    Keywords: Anthocyanin, Habitat, Antioxidant properties, phytochemical properties, Berberisintegerrima geographic data
  • Fareeha Jabeen, Shakil Ahmed, Anis Shah * Pages 3789-3798
    Ozone (O3) is widespread secondary photochemical air pollutant, which occurs naturally at ground level in low concentration and is regarded the most significant air toxicant throughout the world. Current research was conducted to evaluate the potential of ethylenediurea (EDU) on yield of two pea cultivars (Meteor and Sprinter). Pisum sativum L. plants were exposed to O3 stress using two methods i.e., soil drench and foliar spray application, during two consecutive years. The monthly mean concentration of O3 during the experimental period varied between 29.4 and 60.7 ppb. Ozone stress reduced yield characteristics of P. sativum. Application of EDU enhanced yield parameters (no of pods, pod weight, number of seeds and straw weight) of P. sativum. Application of EDU concentration of 450 ppm via soil drenching significantly enhanced yield parameters of P. sativum. Current research reveals that EDU ameliorates the deleterious O3 effects on pea crop and it can be used as an effective tool to investigate agricultural crop reductions due to higher O3 concentration.
    Keywords: Tropospheric Ozone, EDU, Pea, Yield, harvest index
  • Asiyeh Shavalibor, Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi * Pages 3799-3809
    Using bionanoparticles plays an important role in increasing agricultural productivity. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles in plants has been considered as pesticides, protective agents and nutrients. The present study investigates the effects of different concentrations of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth indices, secondary metabolites, proline, carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzymes activity of Melissa Officnalis L. The Plantlets were treated with different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 20, 60 and 100 ppm) at eight leaf stages. Seedlings performances in terms of growth, antioxidant defence and secondary metabolites content were studied under three different concentrations (20, 60, and 100 ppm) at different days of AgNPs showed growth promotory effect on M. officinalis. The maximum growth rate and photosynthesis pigments content were observed at 60 ppm AgNPs concentration on day 15. Proline and carbohydrate contents increased significantly compared to the control by all concentrations of AgNPs which exhibited time-dependent response. The AgNPs also enhanced secondary metabolites content in M. officinalis seedlings. The highest amount of rosmarinic acid (about 50 mg/g DW) was obtained for those plants treated with 60 and 100 ppm of AgNPs on day 15 which was about 3 fold higher than control. Up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes was observed with AgNPs which led to decrease in MDA content. Our findings confirmed for the first time that biologically synthesized AgNPs at specific levels has significant growth promotory effect as well as increased production of valuable secondary metabolites.
    Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Melissa Officinalis, Rosmarinic acid, silver nanoparticles, Secondary metabolites
  • Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi *, Behrouz Golein, Mozhgan Farzami Sepehr Pages 3811-3818
    The aim of this study was to determine physicochemical characteristics in fruit of Page mandarin (Citrus reticulata) on different rootstocks. This study was conducted at Ramsar Research Institute in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications in 2015. The content of individual sugars in fruits was determined by HPLC. Total acidity (TA) and pH value of juice was also evaluated. Total carotenoids and chlorophylls content was measured using a spectrophotometer. Crude fat was extracted using Soxhlet`s apparatus .Crude protein was measured by Kjeldahl’s method. Total dry matter was determined by dehumidify of fruits in an oven at 80˚C. The results showed that, the highest of total sugars (107.35 mg/ mL), pH (3.50) and carotenoid (0.14 mg/ g) were in fruit of Page mandarin (Citrus reticulata) grafting on the Troyer citrange. According to results, the amount of total acid (0.73 %) of Page mandarin grafted on sour orange was higher than those of other rootstocks.
    Keywords: Chemical traits, Physical traits, Page mandarin, rootstocks, sugars
  • Ahmad Mirjalili *, MohammadHossein Lebaschi, M.Reza Ardakania, Hossein Heidari Sharifabad, Mehdi Mirza Pages 3819-3828

    Antioxidant enzymes synthesis in plant is an essential process for increasing the plant's tolerance to abiotic stress. Plant cells and their organs are protected by antioxidant enzymes with removing reactive oxygen species (ROS). To investigate the effect of plant density and organic fertilizers on the antioxidant enzymes activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and electrolyte leakage (EL) of Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.), a field experiment was carried out at dryland farming conditions in Research station of Forests and Rangelands of Homand, Damavand, during 2018 and 2019. The results indicated that organic substrates and plant density significantly changed antioxidant enzyme activities (P≤0.05). Under these conditions, cattle manure reduced the antioxidant enzymes of APX, SOD, PPO, and EL. High plant density resulted in less SOD, POD, APX, CAT, and EL compared to low plant density. Compared to control (non- organic fertilizer), cattle manure decreased the activity of SOD, CAT, PPO and EL by 8, 14, 8, and 28%, respectively, in second year-plants. High plant density decreased the activity of SOD, POD, APX, and CAT by 12, 25, 14, and 23%, respectively. The present study can suggest the use of cattle manure and high plant density to reach the optimal growth under dryland farming conditions through controlling antioxidant enzymes production.

    Keywords: Bakhtiari savory, Electrolyte leakage, Catalase, superoxide dismutase, Cattle manure Introduction
  • Mojtaba Pourrezvani, Mahdi Changizi *, Shahab Khaghani, Masoud Gomarian, Davood Ghanbari Pages 3829-3833
    Nanotechnology is now an integrated feature of most modern research in agriculture. Nanomaterials are being widely used for enhancing soil fertility and strengthening its organic cycle and subsequently, improving yields of important crops. These particles can be prepared easily through different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. In this paper, biological method of preparation of Zinc, Iron, and Silver nanoparticles are described using the extracts of three medicinal plants which are commonly used for their important pharmaceutical properties, namely chamomile, licorice, and aloe vera. Also, the analytical techniques used to confirm the quality of the produced bio-NPs are explained.
    Keywords: aloe vera, biological synthesis, Chamomile, Herbal extract, licorice, nanoparticles