فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 88، تابستان 1400)

The countries should be economically developed in today’s world. By reviewing the literature, a healthy and efficient workforce is a key factor in economic development, which indicates the effectiveness of the health sector in countries. Efficient information systems should be used to achieve efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, service quality, and customer satisfaction. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the efficiency of hospital information systems.

Interviews and questionnaires are collaboratively used in this study to identify the factors affecting the productivity of hospital information systems. A total of 22 hospital information systems specialists (IT and system support experts) were selected based on the purposive sampling method. In the present study, expertschr('39') views on the factors affecting the productivity of hospital information systems were first identified using a survey research method. The factors are prioritized from the questionnaires and the Fuzzy Delphi method.

After analyzing the findings, it was found that physicianschr('39') satisfaction, information quality, usability, appropriate support, high reporting ability, being on the web, and proper user training are the factors affecting the efficiency of hospital information systems.

As a result, considering the findings of this study during the implementation of information systems projects, hospital officials can play a significant role in economically improving public health.

According to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to predict adherence to treatment based on social support variables and coping strategies to reduce the severity of this disease.

In this cross-sectional study, 392 men and women with type 2 diabetes were evaluated using purposeful and convenient sampling. Wax social support and the Blings and Moss coping strategies questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22), descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean), and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis).

The results indicated that the correlation between the subscales of social support and coping strategies with adherence to drug therapy was significant (P<.01). These measures could predict more than 27%) 27.1( of changes in compliance with drug treatment.

Social support and coping strategies can be two effective factors in promoting self-care behaviors and adherence to treatment in patients with diabetes. Including these strategies in educational, treatment, and care programs improves health and reduces long-term complications of the disease to increase the life expectancy of patients.

Diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease that has several factors that affect its occurrence, so trying to identify these factors and modify them is worth considering. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between different blood groups and Rh with diabetes mellitus type 2.

This study is a case-control study that was conducted in Khorramabad city on a total of 620 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals who were randomly selected. Study data including demographic variables and blood type and Rh were extracted through files registered in health centers. SPSS23 software was used to collect data. Frequency tables of chi-square, t-test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

The mean age of the subjects was 49.25±12.4. 59.2% of the subjects were female. In this study, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of age and gender. There was a significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in family history, BMI and hypertension. There was no difference in the type of Rh between the two groups in terms of blood and Rh groups, but in the case of blood groups, blood group A had a higher percentage compared to the control group. While there was no obvious difference between other blood groups in the case and control groups.

According to our results, people with blood type A, as well as people with high BMI, high blood pressure and a family history of diabetes, are at higher risk for developing the disease. Necessary measures to prevent the disease for these people at risk should be taken to reduce the prevalence of the disease in society.

The fibroblast growth factor 21 is a protein that is involved in regulating glucose and fat metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance in overweight young men.

In this semi-experimental study, 30 overweight young men (BMI<25 kg /m2) were purposefully selected and randomly divided to control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed ten repetitions of one-minute aerobic exercise (treadmill, elliptical trainer, or stationary bike) with an intensity of 80-75% of the target heart rate with one-minute active intermittent rest periods with an intensity of 35-40% of the heart rate for 8 weeks, 4 sessions per week. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance were measured 24 hours before starting the program and 48 hours after the last training session. Intragroup and Intergroup changes were analyzed using dependent and independent t-test, respectively.

Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 indicated a significant increase (t=6.94, P= 0.031) compared to that of the control group after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training, but insulin resistance significantly decreased (t=5.81, P=0.008).

High-intensity interval training for 8 weeks can be prescribed as an optimal exercise protocol to increase serum fibroblast growth factor 21 and reduce insulin resistance in overweight young men.

Proliferation of adipose tissue increases leptin secretion and decreases adiponectin concentration. Exercise is an intervention to control and reverse this process. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training on leptin, adiponectin, and the ratio of leptin to adiponectin in overweight adolescent boys.

The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on overweight adolescent boys (13-18 years old, mean body mass index 27.05±1.4 kg/m2). A total of 30 participants volunteered who were divided into three groups of 10 people including short-term (9 sessions of 30-second training with 150-second rest), long-term (4 sessions of 150-second training with 240-second rest), and control group. The training groups performed high-intensity running sprints 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (3 groups×2 measurement times) and Bonferroni test.

Performed high-intensity interval training failed to affect leptin, weight, and body mass index but increased adiponectin and decreased the ratio of leptin to adiponectin (P = 0.042) and fat percentage. No difference was observed between the two types of interval training in changing the level of leptin, adiponectin, fat percentage, and body mass index.

High-intensity interval training increases metabolic benefits in overweight adolescents by increasing adiponectin and subsequently decreasing the leptin/adiponectin ratio. Low exercise, no calorie restriction, and other factors affecting puberty may influence the research results.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. The NAFLD is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Vaspin is a newly discovered adipokine that has several functions, including regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of vaspin levels with NAFLID as well as anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

This case-control study was conducted on a total of 150 participants who were divided into the case (with NAFLD; n=75) and control groups (n=75). The serum levels of vaspin and insulin were measured by ELISA kit, and other variables were determined by standard methods.

There was no significant difference between the patients with NAFLD (grades 1, 2, and 3) and healthy controls (P>0.05) in terms of vaspin levels. Moreover, the patients with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, levels of transaminases, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, insulin, and insulin resistance, compared to the control group (P<0.05). In this study, an inverse correlation was observed between vaspin and diastolic blood pressure with cholesterol (P<0.05). However, no association was found between vaspin and lipoproteins, as well as insulin resistance and liver enzymes (P>0.05).

The findings showed no relationship between vaspin and NAFLD. However, serum vaspin levels are correlated with cholesterol levels and diastolic blood pressure (in all subjects).

Repair of broken bones due to physiological or pathological factors has always been important for researchers. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a combined extract on the osteogenic process in the experimental fracture created in the femoral of rats as laboratory models.

This experimental study was performed on 21 rats. After induction of general anesthesia to each mouse, a 3-cm incision was made in the femoral bone and it was broken with a special hammer. After surgery, the control group did not receive any extract, while the three experimental groups received 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg PO, respectively. In the next step, 21 days after surgery, euthanasia was performed and bone sections were prepared and stained in the fracture site. Next, histopathological and histomorphometric studies were carried out for the evaluation of bone healing in rats. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21).

According to the pairwise comparison test, the mean difference of variables, namely bone marrow, woven bone, and lamellar bone of the third group of the test was significantly different from those of the other groups (P<0.05). This indicated that receiving the extract in the experimental groups with an increased dose led to a decrease in the mean bone marrow and woven bone which, in turn, increased the mean lamellar bone

The results showed that the combined extracts of mummy, Withania coagulans, and turmeric can stimulate osteogenesis in rats and be considered as a candidate for fracture treatment.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion is known as the underlying pathophysiology of a variety of severe clinical disorders, such as acute renal failure. The use of antioxidants is one of the most important treatment strategies to reduce the ischemia-reperfusion induced injury due to the importance of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress during ischemia reperfusion. Salvia spices, especially Salvia macrosiphon Boiss, are rich in antioxidant compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of these substances on renal ischemia reperfusion.

In this study, 42 Wistar rats were divided into six groups of seven animals per group. The groups included a sham, a control, and four treatments. One of the treatment groups was treated with luteolin, and the other three groups were treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss methanolic extract for 20 days before ischemia. After 24 hours following ischemia, blood samples were taken from the rats, and their serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated.

Salvia macrosiphon Boiss extract (at the dose of 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced urea and creatinine levels (P<0.001). Moreover, Luteolin decreased both ceratinine (P<0.01) and urea (P<0.05) levels.

This study confirmed the positive and significant effect of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss extract and Luteolin on the studied factors. The observed effect could be in part due to the potential antioxidant properties of flavonoids and methanol extract of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss.

In the Azna-Aligudarz plain, the drinking water is mainly supplied from groundwater.  Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite and determine the groundwater vulnerability potential and related risks in the plain to guarantee the health of consumers.

The vulnerability potential of the studied plain to pollutants was investigated by the drastic method. To estimate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite, 25 water wells in the study area were sampled within 2018-2019 and analyzed by standard method. Human health risk related to groundwater in the study area was assessed using the USEPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency) index.

The results of the DRASTIC method demonstrated that 45% and 65% of the region has a high (southern part of the plain) and a medium vulnerability potential (northern part of the plain), respectively. According to the obtained results, nitrate in Chaqataram and Ashrafabad villages with 56 and 65 mg/liter, respectively, and nitrite in groundwater of Chamzaman, Aliabad, and Darreh Bagh villages with 3.5, 3.3, and 3.4 mg/liter, was higher than the standard of World Health Organization. According to the health risk assessment results, 83%, 8%, and 4% of children, women, and men are prone to health threats due to nitrate concentration (HQ>1). The accuracy of the vulnerability results was confirmed by calibrating the results of the health risk assessment and the results of the nitrate map.

As e evidenced by the obtained results, improper use of nitrate chemical fertilizers and unsafe disposal of human wastewater (urban and rural) is the main cause of increased nitrate and nitrite concentrations in agricultural lands. Based on the results of the present study, the use of contaminated drinking wells is not recommended and continuous monitoring of drinking wells in the study area is essential to protect the health of consumers, especially children.

Mutations that cause high expression of epidermal growth factor can lead to cancer. Therefore, this factor serves as a potential molecular target for cancer treatment, and inhibitors of this enzyme are of particular importance in the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the bioinformatics of inhibition of EGFR enzyme by a number of quinazolinone derivatives.

This study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical method. To investigate how quinazolinone derivatives bind to the active site of the enzyme, the chemical structure of the compounds was first plotted using ChemBioDrawUltra software (version 14). It was then transferred to Hyperchem software for energy optimization. Docking studies were performed using AutoDock software (version 4.2), and in the final stage, the results were analyzed using three programs, including AutoDockTools, DS Visualizer, and Ligplot.

Based on the results of docking studies, the most important bonds involved in drug-receptor binding are hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. Among all the studied compounds, the best docking results are related to compound number 3. This compound with the most negative binding energy level (ΔGbind=-7.53 Kcal/mol) has a greater tendency to bind to key amino acids at the active site of the EGFR.

In the end, due to the high effectiveness and docking results, it can be conclude that compound number 3 can be considered an effective erlotinib EGFR inhibitor.

Hepatocellular damage caused by physical activity or the use of supplements is one of the serious problems facing athletes in various fields. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitric oxide supplements on AST and ALT liver enzymes and the ratio of AST to ALT following a session of eccentric exercise in Sprague Dawley male rats.

In this study, 36 Sprague Dawley male rats (two months old) were divided into three groups of control, low dose (4.8 mg/kg body weight), and high dose of NO supplements (15.4 mg/kg body weight). Supplements were given to rats for seven days. Subsequently, all three groups of rats were forced to run on a treadmill for 45 min with a speed of 20 m/min, and a slope of -15 degrees. Blood samples were taken directly from cardiac puncture of rats 24 h after the running exercise. Blood serum variables of the study were measured afterward.

Low dose of nitrate supplements did not change AST and ALT indices, while the high dose of nitrate supplements increased ALT serum level and decreased AST to ALT ratio, compared to a low dose of NO supplements and control group.

Based on the obtained results, the consumption of a low dose of NO supplements does not change hepatocellular damage markers, while the high dose of NO supplements causes degeneration of hepatic cells in athletes.

Postpartum depression is the most common psychological complication after childbirth. The mother-infant relationship and its challenges are one of the most critical risk factors of postpartum depression. Given the importance of attachment theory in explaining the mother-infant relationship, the present study aimed to identify the components related to mother-infant relationship in order to prevent postpartum depression.

This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, based on the qualitative method and inductive content analysis approach, individual interviews were conducted with four groups of pregnant mothers (n=6), mothers with infants (n=5), pediatricians (n​​=3), and psychologists (n=3). The data were coded and extracted. During the second stage, the relevant literature in the field of attachment was reviewed using desk research, whereby the components were extracted. Finally, based on the findings of these two stages, themes related to the mother-infant relationship were identified.

The most important overlapping themes obtained from the two stages of the study included attachment to the fetus, anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum, child care, reception of support, and the impact of the relationship with parents which were identified as the main themes related with the mother-infant relationship.

Considering the importance of mother-infant relationship as a postpartum depression risk factor, the present study strived to identify the main components of this relationship from the perspective of research literature, along with a qualitative study, to identify the real needs of mothers to be used as a basis for subsequent interventions.

Toxoplasmosis is the most important parasitic infection associated with central nervous system. Sufficient knowledge and information about congenital toxoplasmosis and its effective factors is very helpful for health graduates in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of the disease in infants. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge level of senior students related to pregnant women in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, about congenital toxoplasmosis.

This study included 177 students who would deal with pregnant women in their future careers. The studentschr('39') knowledge and information about congenital toxoplasmosis were assessed and measured based on a pre-designed questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to compare the obtained data.

The results of this study showed that the studentschr('39') knowledge about congenital toxoplasmosis was not in a desired range (4.72±71.14%). Based on the results, the level of knowledge was significantly lower in nursing and nutrition students (P=0.013), younger age groups (P=0.013), dormitory residents (P=0.002), and undergraduates (P<0.001), compared to other students (P<0.05).

The results of the present study indicated the poor level of information of senior students related to pregnant women about congenital toxoplasmosis. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the disease and its irreparable damage to the fetus, development of plans to increase studentschr('39') awareness of the disease, as well as ways of transmission and prevention.

Today, drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are one of the opportunistic pathogens in the world. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of clinical isolates of A. baumannii in Khorramabad hospitals (i.e., Shohaday Ashayer-Shahid Rahimi), Khorramabad, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in the different wards of Khorramabad hospitals in 2015-16 and 2017-18. The clinical samples were identified as A. baumannii by microbiological culture and biochemical tests then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The susceptibility test of bacterial isolates to antibiotics was performed and the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using the Chi-square test.

According to the results of the antibiogram, among the 94 isolates of A. baumannii collected from the patients admitted to Khorramabad hospitals, 50%, 41.49%, and 8.51% of isolates were multiple-drug resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and non-multidrug resistance, respectively.

Due to the sensitivity of A. baumannii to polymyxin B and minocycline antibiotics, these antibiotics can be used, especially as a combination therapy, in the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Since the rate of multidrug resistance in Khorramabad hospitals was found to be 91.49%, it is necessary to pay attention to the criteria for controlling nosocomial infections.