مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و دوم شماره 6 (شهریور 1400)

Parkinson's disease is the second most commonly diagnosed neurological disease after Alzheimer's disease. Paraoxonase 1 enzyme is an antioxidant enzyme with two paraoxonase and aryl esterase activity, and the change in activity and concentration of this enzyme can contribute to Parkinson's disease. The N-acetyltransferase enzyme plays an important role in the detoxification of organophosphates, in which the N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme plays an important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the paraoxonase activity ratio to aryl esterase activity of paraoxonase enzyme and the frequency of N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme polymorphisms in patients with Parkinson's disease.

In this case-control study, 80 cases (40 patients with Parkinson's disease and 40 control subjects) were studied. N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphisms by the PCR-RFLP method were investigated using the relevant bound restriction enzymes. The serum level of paraoxonase 1 was determined by ELISA and enzyme activity of paraoxonase 1 was measured with spectrophotometric.

The ratio of paraoxonase to Aryl esterase did not show any significant difference between the two groups (p >0.05). Significant differences were observed in the frequency of m1 polymorphism genotypes between control and patient groups (p <0.05). However, the prevalence of polymorphism genotypes m1 and m2 between the two groups did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05).

The results of this study showed that three N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, m1 polymorphism, as well as a decrease in serum levels and paraoxonase 1 activity, may contribute to the pathogenesis and etiology of Parkinson's disease.

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of performance and forecast the Urmia city universities in university rankings based on data from the WOS database.

The present study is an applied research based on the research goals and a comparative study in terms of research method. The statistical population consisted of all documents (from 1980 to 11/08/2021) indexed in the WOS database and attributed to "Iran". The criterion for analyzing the outputs was the proposed indicators of Incites.

The results showed that 627972 documents have been indexed in the WOS citation database by scientific organizations affiliated to Iran. Urmia University (with 7442 Documents) has the highest number of documents indexed in the WOS. Urmia University of Technology with regards to the indicators of "citation impact", "% Docs Cited", " % Documents in Top 1% ", " % Documents in Top 10% ", " % Documents in Q1 Journals", and " % International Collaborations" shows the best performance. Urmia University of Medical Sciences shows the best performance in " % Industry Collaborations" and " % Domestic Collaborations" indicators. While the Urmia University shows the best performance in the "% Organization only Collaborations" and “% Corresponding Author (2008-2021)" indicators.

The quality of research conducted in Urmia city universities is not appropriate. Their performance was relatively poor in the international, national, and industrial interactions. It seems that the universities need a good strategy in publishing research findings. Considering all these factors, it can be predicted that their ranking in Iran and worldwide would be weak.

Histologic tumor grading is a well-documented useful, inexpensive and easily done prognostic factor but it shows many differences when viewed by multiple pathologists. The aim of the present study was to determine the interobserver differences in tumor grading among pathologists in Urmia, Imam Khomeini Hospital.

In this descriptive, analytical retrospective study, 50 cases of breast carcinoma, urothelial papillary tumor and soft tissue sarcoma were evaluated. Three pathologists reviewed all slides and graded the tumors after codifying and without any knowledge of the opinion of each other. The interobserver concordance was determined by K statistics. A p< 0.05 is considered significant.

The interobserver concordance was fair in grading of breast, and bladder carcinoma and moderate in soft tissue sarcoma (Kappa was 0.3, 0.13 and 0.603, respectively). Based on the evaluation of factors included in histologic grading, the agreement was higher for pleomorphism in breast cancer, cellular thickness layer in bladder tumor, and cellular differentiation in soft tissue sarcoma (Kappa was 0.8, 0.28 and 0.65, respectively(.

According to our results, interobserver concordance in the grading of different tumors was fair. To solve this problem, it is suggested to do grading more than one time and in different microscopic fields. Simultaneous grading by two pathologists with multi-head microscope or considering the average of what two pathologists achieve separately can be useful.

Ala234Thr single nucleotide polymorphism can affect the level of oxidative stress capacity and serum selenium levels. On the other hand, blood glucose and insulin levels regulate the expression of SEPP1 gene. It is hypothesized that this polymorphism may be significantly associated with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of Ala234Thr polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes and its effect on glucose levels, selenoprotein p levels, and oxidative stress status of patients.

In this study, biochemical indices (FBS & HbA1C), and serum oxidative stress indices (MDA and total antioxidant capacity) were measured in both patient and healthy groups, and Tetra-ARMS PCR was used to determine the genotype of A234T polymorphism.

There was no significant relationship between demographic indicators (age and gender) with the incidence of type 2 diabetes, but there was a significant relationship between biochemical indicators and oxidative stress (p = 0.001). Genotyping results showed that the frequency of GG genotype in the control group was higher than the patient group, but it was not statistically significant. It was also found that the risk of type 2 diabetes in people with GA genotype is 2.14 times higher than others (p = 0.035).

The results demonstrated the effect of high levels of SEPP1 on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through oxidative stress pathways. Rs3877899 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the subjects.

Achieving the peak of athletic performance by being in environmental conditions such as hypobaric hypoxia and maintaining it by reducing exercise pressure is of great importance for athletes, among which injuries to internal organs such as lung tissue due to these conditions are less considered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of HIF-1α and the rate of bronchial and bronchiole apoptosis in lung tissue of male Wistar rats following reduced exercise load in hypoxic hypoxia.

The samples of the present study included 24 male Wistar rats (8 control, 16 experimental), healthy and without disease (4 weeks with a mean weight of 72 9 9 g). The experimental group was kept in hypobaric hypoxia for 3 weeks after 6 weeks of periodic training. Half of the experimental rats performed periodic exercises with less intensity (Taper) during three weeks of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. To measure HIF-1α levels and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles, lung tissue was removed and assayed. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

Findings showed that exposure to hypobaric hypoxia caused a significant increase in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles (p ≥ 0.05). Taper was also associated with a significant decrease (p ≥ 0.05) in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and lung tissue bronchioles compared to hypobaric hypoxia and high-intensity interval training.

Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is associated with an increase in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles, which can be used as a method to reduce HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is an important factor in the early diagnosis of posterior pole dysfunctions, assessment of treatment effect, and disease progression. The aim of this study was to compare the macular and peripapillary retinal thickness between genders and among refractive error types in healthy subjects. In addition, effective determinants of the thickness were ascertained.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 subjects (116 eyes) who were referred to the Toos eye clinic of Mashhad, northeast of Iran, for refractive error surgery and their caregivers in 2014. We used Optical Coherence Tomography for retinal thickness measurements.

The mean age was 26.02±0.42 years. The mean±SD spherical equivalence was estimated to be -2.06 ± 0.36 dioptres, axial length was 23.89 ± 0.14 mm, average peripapillary thickness was 89.91 ± 0.94 μm, average macular thickness was 274.68 ± 1.84 μm, and overall macular volume was 9.89 ± 0.07 mm3. Multiple linear regression modeling indicated that axial length and gender had a significant effect on average macular thickness. Axial length also showed a substantial effect on average peripapillary thickness.

Retinal thickness measurement regardless of refractive error type could lead to bias in disease diagnosis. The results of the present study might be used to enhance the assessment precision of ocular diseases.

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic disease of medium- and large-sized arteries. Its clinical diversity in different geographical areas can be due to the involvement of different vascular regions. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations, and demographic and radiologic findings of patients with Takayasu arteritis who were admitted to Urmia University Hospital in 2010 – 2018.

Data of the patients with Takayasu arthritis (presence of at least three criteria of American College of Rheumatology), including their constitutional, neuro-vascular, cardio-vascular symptoms were collected from their medical files. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.

In this study, we evaluated 14 patients (12 females – 2 males). The mean diagnosis age was 33.00 ± 9.16 years and the mean delay in diagnosis was 5.11±4.99 years. All patients )100% (presented ischemic complication. It was reported that 78.6% of cases had a decrease in brachial pulse and 64.3% had a difference in blood pressure between arms. Limb claudication and subclavian bruit were 78.6% and 71.4%, respectively. According to angiographic findings, most of patients had stenosis (78.6%) and type IIa (42.9%). The pure aneurysmal lesion was not reported in any of the patients. In only one patient (7.1%), with type IV, intestinal ischemia resulted in death.

Takayasu arteritis occurs most commonly in young women with a diversity of manifestations. In the early stages of the disease, nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings lead to delayed diagnosis and irreversible ischemic lesion. These complications highlight the necessity of careful vascular examinations.

In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of PLGA nanoparticles containing rapeseed extract (RE-PNP) was investigated.

Three various methods including Disk Diffusion (DD), Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were used to evaluate the antibacterial effects of synthesized nanoparticles against different strains of bacteria. The inhibition capacity of ABTS and DPPH free radicals was measured to evaluate the antioxidant power of RE-PNP.

The results showed that the RE-PNP have the potential to inhibit DPPH radicals (IC50 = 500μg / ml) and ABTS (IC50 = 1000μg / ml). The inhibitory effect of RE-PNP on the growth of Staphylococcus aurous and Micrococcus luteus was confirmed by the growth inhibition zone 8 and 15 in the disk diffusion model.

According to the results, RPE-PNPs can be used as a safe, natural, and effective antibiotic for bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus and also, this formulation can be used due to its antioxidant effects in treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.