نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پاییز 1400)

Fear is very common in childhood. Many Children experience the fear, but it is the unresolved fear of childhood that can lead to serious psychological problems in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare two group programs FRIENDS for life (FLL) and Coping Cat (CC) on fear among boys’ children.

This quasi-experimental study was performed using pre-post-tests with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the current study included primary schoolchildren in District 5 of Tehran in 2019. Totally, forty-five 8-year-old students were selected from 5 schools by cluster random sampling and were randomly assigned into 3 groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The two experimental groups participated in the therapy sessions of FFL and CC programs on a weekly basis and one-hour sessions. The Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised (FSSC-R, 2002) was used to collect research data.

The results showed that both FFL and CC programs were effective on children's fear  (F =18.66; P=0.001). However, this effect was not found in the control group. Moreover, by examining the pairwise comparison between the effectiveness of the FFL and CC programs, it was observed that the FFL was more effective than CC for the Fear of school children (P=0.001).

two therapeutic interventions programs including FFL and CC have been effective in reducing children's fear. Hence, the application of these two interventions in schools helps phobia in children to gain a deeper understanding of their various emotions and feelings and reduce their fear.

Child bullying has been one of the forms of violence considered by national and international institutions. The problems behaviors of the child are effective in reducing the mother's sense of competence. The sense of competence has a great impact on the quality of the parent-child relationship. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two parenting training programs Supportive parenting and Leading by Modeling on the Parenting Sense of Competence of mothers with a bully son.

This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The research population included all primary schools for boys (8- 10 years old) in District 4 of Tehran in 2020. The participants were selected using voluntary convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups. Finally, 60 mothers whose sons scored higher on the Illinois Bullying Scale were selected as the participants and divided into three groups of 20 (two intervention groups and one control group). The instruments used to collect the data were the Illinois Bullying Scale (Espelage & Holt, 2001), the Parenting Sense of competence scale (Gibaud-Wallston et al. 1978) The participants in both intervention groups attended Supportive parenting and Leading by Modeling training programs for Thirteen two-hour sessions once a week. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software (V. 22).

The findings showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in parenting sense of competence (P=0.0001) in the post-test and follow-up phases. While there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two programs on the parenting sense of competence and the parenting Leading by Modeling program (47.35 ± 8.10, P <0.001) was more effective than the supportive parenting program (39.60 ± 9.15, P <0.001).

The results showed that both support and leading by modeling programs are effective in improving the sense of competence of mothers. It seems that training mothers with a bullied son can help reduce mothers' psychological stress and improve their relationships with their children.

 Prevalence of obesity/overweight is the main cause of non-communicable diseases in different segments of society, especially in intellectually disabled children. The main purpose of this study was to survey the effect of 12-week resistance and combined exercises on some physiological variables in intellectually disabled children with overweight.

 In this study 24 intellectually disabled male children (Average age; 9.50±1.10 years) were randomly selected and assigned to (i) Resistance (25.3±2.2 Kg/m2; n=12) and (ii) Combined (25.1±2.2Kg/m2;n=12) training groups. The subjects participated in a 12-weeks/three sessions/week exercise program for 45 minutes. The variables of aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body fat percentage, flexibility, and dynamic balance of subjects were measured before and after the interventions. Analysis of covariance statistics was used to analyze the data.

 Findings showed that in both training groups improvements were found in measured variables after exercise interventions. In between groups comparisons, there were statistically differences in aerobic capacity (Combined: %19.38 vs. Resistance: %6.75; P=0.01) and muscle strength of groups (Combined: % 7.64vs.Resistance: % 27.16; P=0.01), but in abdominal muscle endurance (Combined: % 30.15vs.Resistance: %22.90; P=0.39), Body fat percentage (Combined: % -14.52vs.Resistance:% -15.52; P=0.51), dynamic balance (Combined: % 5.80 vs. Resistance: % 6.85; P=0.12) and flexibility of subjects (Combined: % 0.21vs.Resistance:% 5.66; P=0.64) the differences weren't significant. 

 Significant improvements in the aerobic capacity as a result of combined exercises and muscle strength due to resistance training have been observed in the overweight intellectually disabled children, but in the variables of body fat percentage, dynamic balance, and flexibility, both training methods had relatively the same effects.

Having a child with cancer in the family has many negative consequences for parents. The present study investigates the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between anger and the marital relationship quality in parents of children with cancer.

The present study was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study includes the parents of all children with cancer referred to Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital in 1398, of which 200 people were selected as a sample group by purposive sampling. Data collection tools included Marital Relationship Quality Scale, Spielberger Anger Expression Questionnaire (STAXI), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS_21). Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis using AMOS software.

The results showed that anger and psychological distress have a significant negative relationship with couples' relationships quality. Psychological distress also had a mediating role in the relationship between anger and marital relationship quality (P <0.05).

Accordingly, in designing the necessary measures to improve the marital relationship quality in parents with children with cancer, programs can be developed to reduce anger and psychological distress.

Optimal academic performance is the foundation of success in the student's future life. Successful academic performance of students leads to the growth and excellence of society in various fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal general health, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and self-esteem on the child’s academic performance.

The research method in this study was correlational. The statistical population included all male and female primary school students in Behbahan in the academic year 2016-2017. In the present study, the sample size of the subjects was 370 based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The sample was selected by two-stage cluster random sampling. The research instruments were Dortaj (2014) Academic Performance Scales, Connors-Form Parent, Goldberg General Health and Cooper -Smith Self-Esteem.

 Findings of Pearson correlation coefficient test revealed that there was a significant relationship between child academic performance and maternal general health, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder scores   , and child self-esteem . Findings of multiple regression analysis also showed that maternal general health scores   , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder   , and children's self-esteem   , were able to predict children's academic performance.

Maternal general health status, scores of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as well as the child's self-esteem can affect children's academic performance.

ADHD has a relatively high prevalence and causes many problems for children, parents, teachers, and the community. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on behavioral maladaptation and psychological health of children with ADHD in Kerman.

This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population included all the active students (7-12 years) in Kerman city in 1398. Using purposive sampling, 30 individuals (15 experimental and 15 control) were selected. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90-minute intervention. The control group received no training. Subjects responded to the Conners Parent Questionnaire, the Ashbach Children Behavior Inventory, and Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questionnaire before and after the intervention. Subjects' scores were analyzed using covariance analysis.

The results showed that narrative therapy reduced behavioral maladaptation and increased the psychological health of children with ADHD (P <0.01).

Narrative therapy was effective in reducing behavioral maladaptation and increasing the psychological health of overactive children. Therefore, this type of treatment can be used to modify behavior and improve the mental health of children with ADHD.

The rising trend of consumerism, urbanization, and change health habits in recent years has led to a change in people’s lifestyles. Since lifestyle and health habits develop during childhood and continue into adulthood, special attention should be paid to the changing lifestyle of childhood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of students’ health promotion programs on their lifestyles.

The present research is a semi-experimental study carried out in the 1397-1398 years in which sixty elementary school girls were selected from Shohadaye Gomnam and Moslem Aghil school in Tehran by the non-randomized method and examined in two groups of test and control. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Miller Smith Lifestyle. In the experimental group of the student health promotion program, the test consisted of three phases, assessment, supporting, and evaluation was run for three months.

Before the intervention, the experimental and control group were matched for demographic variables and average lifestyle scores. However, after the intervention, the independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the average scores of lifestyle in the two groups.

Student health improvement program improves the lifestyle of girls aged between 9 to 10 in elementary schools. Therefore, it is recommended that this program be implemented as a community plan in all schools in the country.

Behavioral disorders include persistent behaviors that are characterized by defects in social rules and regulations and harm to children. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of attachment style and early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between childhood abuse and adolescent behavior disorder.

The method of this research was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all adolescents with adolescent behavioral disorders in Hamedan province in 2019, and 300 adolescents referred to Hamedan Psychological Clinics were selected based on the available sampling method. Subjects were assigned to Young's Schema Schedule Questionnaire (2005), the Child Injury and Abuse Scale of Peter, Eskim, and Lillefield (2006), the Revised Scale of Experimental Relationships of Ferrali and Wallournel (2016), and the Birschke Children's Patient Symptoms Questionnaire (2002) replied. The subjects' scores were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics and structural equation models.

The indirect effect of attachment style, dysfunctional schemas, and rejection and incision schemas in the meaningful relationship between childhood abuse and behavioral disorders were 0.36, 0.19, and 0.14, respectively, at P <0.01. The results showed that anxiety attachment style and early maladaptive schemas play a mediating role in the relationship between child abuse and adolescent behavior disorder (P <0.01).

Based on the obtained results, the pattern of adolescent behavior disorder has been developed based on the role of the child abuse component with the mediation of anxiety attachment style and early maladaptive schemas in adolescents with conduct disorder.

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. The incidence of asthma in Iran is 10.9% in people under the age of 18. Poor adherence to inhalation treatments in asthma is associated with poor quality of life in patients. Since the belief of patients affects their compliance, this study was an attempt to evaluating belief in treatment and quality of life, and the treatment of children with asthma.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on asthmatic children aged 8-12 years referring to Asthma and Allergy centers of Mazandaran province, Iran. A convenient sampling method was used and continued till data saturation (n=170).

The average score of quality of life was 32/56 ±69/11. The mean score of necessity-concern was 9/2± 71/6 The Patient’s belief is 2/9 quality of life is 56/32% and 55.9% of children did not adhere to the treatment. Duration of the disease was the only variable that was associated with the belief in the treatment. The quality of life in the female children was higher than in boys.

Healthcare workers are encouraged to follow treatment and improve their quality of life in children with asthma with appropriate educational interventions and parental encouragement.