فصلنامه شهرسازی و معماری هویت محیط
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1400)

Approaches that define identical and one-dimensional forms of identity practically try to establish the dominant ideology of societies. In other words, the foundation of a city, which is represented by different designs, landscapes and tastes, through a matching tool called ideology, forms the foundation of construction and the body of the city in general. . In fact, two identities, one artificial and the other arising from the history, culture and civilization of a society, are created. Artificial identity tries to impose itself on various identities, so it works with a sensitive trick that is considered a value in Islamic societies. The approach of Islamic or Iranian-Islamic identity is the same value that with the widespread presence in urban spaces and especially in their body, has somehow been faced with tastes and other values ​​and identities. The sense of belonging of this individual is "a complex combination of meanings, symbols and environmental qualities that a person or group consciously or unconsciously perceives of a particular place. Cultures as well as prevent the creation of sufficient facilities for the formation of space by citizens, which does not create a sense of belonging to space, resulting in the emergence of urban vandalism and other negative consequences. He studied its production because every form of social organization produces an environment that is a consequence of the social relations that this method of social organization has, because of the many differences of each social group or class, the ideology that underlies any identity. It is different, so in a city the existence of different identities, each with its own principles and beliefs, is quite conceivable, because ideology is a picture of the mental relationship of people with the real conditions inferred from their lives. It is basically a decentralized concept with multiple identities Each identity and ideology imposes its identity on other identities according to the power that its bearers have in the structure of society. Hence, one can never speak of "national identity" or "Iranian-Islamic identity" without ignoring all the contradictions and differences within the concept of "nation" or the different tendencies regarding the concept of "religion" and their identity. Removed from space. But on the other hand, human society is composed of classes, social groups, religions, etc., which is a social matter created by the interaction of these forces, but these forces exist unequally, and this creates power relations. Thus, the definition of a single identity for a city is not the "values ​​that govern a society" but the values ​​of the ruling class of society. This form of organizing the city eliminates various identity groups from shaping the city and producing space. In this research, the necessity of recognizing the factors that are responsible for the production of space has been shown and an attempt has been made to examine the role of institutions and discourses that dominate the production of space. The overall goal of this project is to show the relationship between the sense of belonging and the factors and social relations and elements of Islamic cities that form the space and to examine the nature of these social relations. In this regard, data collection is based on field perception based on popular questionnaires. The sample size in this study was 93 through Cronbach's alpha formula. Since only one neighborhood was studied in this study and more than two variables were selected for measurement, there were 4 options for analyzing this study, which included analysis of covariance, repeated measures variance, multivariate regression, and factor analysis. Which was analyzed by Smart PLS software. The studied variables are divided into two categories: individual and social factors and perceptual and visual factors. Analyzing the results, it can be said that the relationship between the sense of belonging of citizens living in the area with the existing visual elements is low and with individual and social factors such as participation in planning their neighborhood is high. The research was based on the assumption that the identity of citizens varies depending on their social status and no single urban identity can play the role of a complete representation of all citizens, so single identities both theoretically and in practice with the lack of urban democracy and urban planning. They are undemocratic and viable from above. On the other hand, it was tried to show that the lack of space to represent the different identities of citizens will cause them to lose their sense of belonging and in the future will cause problems such as vandalism in the city. This study showed that in order to create a sense of belonging among the residents of Palestine Square neighborhood of Tehran, more than perceptual and visual factors rooted in its historical and Islamic identity, individual and social factors, such as participation at different levels for planning and decision making. They influence people's sense of place in their neighborhood.

What can be understood from Iranian architecture are elements, spaces and structures of native architecture that have been built and polished by the understanding of ancient architects in the building, and since the entrance of a building connects the interior and exterior space, in order to study this issue qualitatively with Recognition of elements (holes, elements, feminine and masculine percussion and entrance), architectural spaces (front porch, entrance hall and eunuch or old man) and native architectural structures (wall color, proportions and spatial connections of the entrance in native buildings) Quantitatively, in order to prove the stability and functionality of the building entrance, light and velocity of absorption wind flow is analyzed among the native buildings in Shahid Beheshti Street, which is a collection of 168 traditional buildings dating back more than 70 years. One of the most accurate measuring devices to evaluate data such as metering and speedometer wind absorption wind flow in July, which is the peak month of heat in Bandar Lengeh area, the result is based on the study of variables on the entrance space of the building It expresses the environment, which has been able to benefit Ray of sustainable factors by recognizing the elements, spaces and structures in indigenous architecture to achieve conditions of architecture in which special attention is paid to the factor of comfort and privacy in the hot and humid climate of Bandar Lengeh.

The principles of Iranian architecture are derived from the culture of this region. These principles have existed in rural Iran in the past. But today, social and economic developments have made changes in the pattern of rural housing architecture and in today's architecture, less attention has been paid to the principles of Iranian architecture. Meanwhile, the architecture of the old rural housing has valuable criteria and indicators that can be identified and analyzed and used in the design of a new housing model. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the principles of Iranian architecture in rural housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. For this purpose, by studying library sources, the principles of Iranian architecture were identified, and then by field study, the manifestation of these principles in four housing index models of Kalamo village in Shahroud was examined. The results show that the housing index models of Kalamo are in accordance with the principles of Iranian architecture and in all models, a manifestation of these principles and its components can be seen. In principle, populism has been considered as a component of avoiding identifying and meeting the needs of residents, and in principle, avoiding the futility of moderation in decorations and moderation in the size of the building, and in principle, introversion, prohibition of aristocracy and creating privacy. The model extraction based on the principles of Iranian architecture and its components for contemporary rural housing is presented

The natural heritage-based cultural landscape relies on a prominent example that embodies the most distinctive natural phenomena, forms or forms, and current important ecological trends, biological evolution, and human interaction with its natural environment. Therefore, the coastal route of the Karun River in the city of Ahvaz, as a rich natural heritage, includes all the pillars and, of course, the potential of the desired cultural landscape, which unfortunately has been neglected in recent decades. In this study, with the aim of achieving the most important criteria related to the cultural-natural landscape, to create a network diagram of inter-criteria relations, weighting and normalizing them through a combined method of multi-criteria decision-making technique DEMATEL-ANP. Preliminary results of the research using the DEMATEL method show that 13 out of 23 criteria are the most important criteria of the subject. Of these, 9 are effective (positive) and 15 are affective (negative) criteria, of which 66% of the "deep interpretation of natural landscapes" cluster (2 out of 3 criteria) have positive values. It is also the most important and influential measure of "habitat value" of the "yield and productivity" cluster. According to the ANP results, although the most important criteria for the cluster are "deep interpretation of natural landscapes", but the distinction in the cluster is "performance and productivity". Finally, the findings of the limit matrix obtained from the research confirm the natural approach in the trinity (natural, man-made and man-made) in creating a natural landscape based on natural heritage in a case study of the Karun River.

The broadness of the activity in wildlife tourism leads to various and different needs. For generic people, some types of wildlife tourism are more attractive than others. However, due to the sensitivity and fragility of the resources, it is necessary to pay more attention to the performance of wildlife tourism. Thus, the current study aimed to recognize and understand the feasibility and effectiveness of wildlife tourism with the approach of establishing a safari park in the Mashhad Metropolitan area. This study was analytical-descriptive research in terms of purpose and applied research. The data and information collection method was library and field research. A descriptive table was used to describe the data at the descriptive level, and the Chi-Square test was used for the comparative studies at the inferential level. The findings showed that there is a possibility to establish a safari park in the southern area of Mashhad at different aspects of environmental, climate, traffic, physical, social, economic, legal, etc. Furthermore, the results obtained from the Chi-square test indicated that wildlife tourism with an approach of establishing a safari park would have the maximum impact on increasing the diversity in the ways to spend leisure time in the region. Thus, the Chi-square test indicated the significant difference (less than 0.05) seen among the frequencies and the gained expectation from the population under study well.

Urban environmental changes, providing increasingly favorable living conditions in cities, are a permanent, continuous and long-term process with broad and long-lasting effects on the development of cities. In order to create a new context and meaning, cities are subject to constant transformations, changes, and ultimately transitions to another structure, either voluntarily or non-voluntarily. But what is not clear in the concepts of transition, transformation and change is their conceptuality and position and the relationship between them, as well as types, dimensions and goals of each of them; so that the concepts are used interchangeably in many studies. Therefore, revising and introducing the role of each component of urban transition, transformation, and changes, as well as their impact on each other can be considered as the main purpose of the study. Accordingly, this paper examines the views and perspectives of the experts in this field, using the descriptive method and content analysis, and inferring applied results based on a review of related literature. Furthermore, in order to achieve the findings, the meta-synthesis method has been used as a kind of meta-analyses method. As a result, the positions of each of the concepts of urban transformation, transition and changes and the differences between them, as well as different kinds of urban changes and their relationships with each other have been found in this study. In the end, it can be expressed that transition creates various urban changes in various physical, economic, social, political and environmental dimensions, which leads to broad visible and invisible urban changes in considered dimensions. Thus, urban changes could be a dynamic and integral part of urban transition and transformation.