نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 43، تابستان 1398)

The purpose of this study is to compare the political system of the IRIwith the political system of liberal democracy in order to understand thetype of political model governing this country. The research method iscomparative and the technique of collecting information is documentary.At first, this article referred to the concept and principles of liberaldemocracy then these principles (1. The principle of people's sovereignty;2. Political equality; 3. Political freedom; 4. Universal monitoring; 5. Theauthenticity of the law) were compared to the Islamic Republic's politicalsystem. The results show that, the principles of liberal democracy have amajor difference with the system of the IRI, but this does not mean thatthe kind of political system ruling in Iran is not democratic, but despitesome authoritarian elements in the political structure of the IRI, in sumthis type of political system is a model based on the principles of thereligion of Islam and the Iranian tradition, that is a government that bythe will of the majority of people is bound to the principle of governingthe religion of Islam in the realities of the life of individuals and society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of Tabrizuniversity medical sciences students from educational and welfareservices in the academic year of 2016-2017. The method of research isdescriptive and purpose of it is applied. The statistical population of thestudy was 8602 students (3854 male and 4748 female) in TabrizUniversity of Medical Sciences who were studying in 14 faculties indifferent majors. The sample size was 384 using Cochran’s formula. Thedata gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire designed toassess the satisfaction of students from educational and welfare servicesof Tabriz University of Medical Sciences whose validity was confirmedon the basis of face validity and the reliability of the tool was 0.93, usingthe Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To test the hypotheses, after the normaldistribution of variables test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), One-wayvariance analysis was used. The results revealed that, based on student'sage and major of study there was a significant difference betweensatisfaction of educational services, but there was no significant differencebetween satisfaction of welfare services.

The main objective of this research is to determine the demographicfactors related to political participation of citizens of Mahabad city. Theresearch method was survey and the statistical population in this study isall citizens aged 18 years and over in Mahabad city in 2018. The samplesize was estimated using Cochran's formula 382 people and they wereselected through multi-stage cluster sampling and also systematic randomsampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made politicalparticipation questionnaire whose reliability coefficient was calculatedusing Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Also, the Likert scale was used tomeasure its concepts. Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-testand one way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results of theresearch show that, there is a significant difference between the level ofpolitical participation and the social class, and the level of politicalparticipation of the middle and lower classes of Mahabad community ismore than the other classes in this city. The result of this research showthat, the lower class has more urgency, necessity, motivation andwillingness to participate and intervene in political affairs in order tochange its existing status, but the involvement of the middle class in thepolitical affairs of the city is more imposing.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship betweencultural capital and socio-cultural alienation among the youth of Tabrizcity. The sense of socio-cultural alienation among people underminessocial harmony, group cohesion and group solidarity in the community sothat individuals do not conform to cultural goals, collective expectations,and what society views as patterns of action for its members. One of thefactors associated with alienation is the cultural capital that the individualobtains and acquires in the family, community, and school. The researchmethod is correlational survey. In terms of purpose, it is an appliedresearch and in terms of data collection is one of the field methods. Thestatistical society of this research is the young people aged 18-29.Theresults show that, there is a reverse correlation between the threedimensions of cultural capital with socio-cultural alienation, which is byincreasing the amount of cultural capital, social-cultural alienationdecreases. There was no significant relationship between socio-culturalalienation and the underlying variables of age and gender.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship betweenorganizational health and organizational culture and teachers’ job burnoutin East Azerbaijan nomadic schools. The method of research iscorrelation. The statistical population of this study includes all 330teachers of the Nursery education district. Using Morgan table, 180people were selected by stratified random sampling. To collect data,Maslach's burnout questionnaire, Miles organizational health questionnaire,and Cameron and Quinn organizational culture questionnaire were used.To assess the validity of the questionnaire, from the viewpoint of theprofessors and to assess the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach'salpha coefficient was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was higherthan 0.7. The research findings showed that there is a significantrelationship between job burnout, emotional exhaustion, personalitydeprivation and personal satisfaction with organizational culture andorganizational health. Organizational culture with a beta coefficient of0.59 has an important role in burnout.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating therelationship between Spiritual Leadership and intellectual capital withprofessional ethics of school administrators in Azar Shahr. The presentstudy is a descriptive-correlative study and based on the purpose, is anapplied. The statistical population of the study was 273 administratorsand deputies of schools in Azar shahr region, of which 167 were maleand 106 were female. A sample of 160 students was selected using theMorgan table, of which 98 men and 62 women were selected by stratifiedrandom sampling. Data collection tools consisted of Spiritual LeadershipQuestionnaire (Frye et al., 2005), Intellectual Capital Inventory (Bontis,1998) and Professional Ethics Questionnaire (Ghasmzadeh et al., 2014).To analyze the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and multipleregressions were used simultaneously. The results showed that, there is arelationship between spiritual leadership and professional ethics of schooladministrators in Azar Shahr (p<0.05). Also, there is a relationshipbetween intellectual capital and professional ethics of schooladministrators (p<0.05). The spiritual leadership regression coefficient(β=0.265) and intellectual capital (β=0.805) were significant onprofessional ethics according to the significance of t-test and it showedthat spiritual leadership and intellectual capital can predict professionalethics significantly.

Globalization and social capital in Iran are relatively new and lessresearch is done in comparison with other social realities. The purpose ofthis study is to assess the impact of the globalization of life on the socialstatus of Tehran's citizens. This research uses survey method andquestionnaire and cluster sampling method among sample size of 300citizens in one, seven and seventeen metropolitan areas of Tehran. Theresults show that, the amount of social capital and the globalization of thelives of Tehran citizens are in the average. For Simmel, Giddens, andFukuyama, the globalization of life tends to diminish social trust, but thishypothesis was not confirmed in this study and it shows a rise inconfidence as global confidence increases. Putnam and Coleman believethat, social cooperation decrease with globalization of life, but existingdata show that, the globalization of social cooperation of Tehran citizensincrease. Thus, there is a positive and direct correlation betweencooperation and social trust with the globalization of life. According tothe results of regression analysis, the causal relationship betweenglobalization and social capital is weak. Analysis of the path shows that,globalization of cultural life has a direct impact on social capital. But theglobalization of economic and political life has a significant indirectimpact on social capital.

Heroic flexibility", a term used by the Supreme Leader (AyatollahKhamenei) in 2013, had been raised about the political interactions. BothIran and America are characterized as two powerful and effectivediscourse in the international arena and any interaction and confrontationbetween the two countries, change many regional and global equations.Therefore, the importance of recognizing the strategies and tactics and thepolitical discourse governing these two countries is essential andimportant. This research followed content analysis approach of theSupreme Leader ( Ayatollah Khamenei) about America with an emphasison what and how to "negotiate and communicate with America" during(1986-2016) years to obtain a detailed scientific understanding about hisperspective of America. According to a purposeful sampling of all hisstatements, 209 lectures related to the concept of "America" wereobtained and classified into five basic subjects: "Islam and America","Pathology of America," "America's isolation," "America Middle Eastpolicy" and "negotiation and relationship with America". The mostfrequent issues are: in the "key Words related to Categorization of Islamand America" is "American Islam"; In "Key Words related to Pathologyof America", is related to weakness and decline in American power; in"Key Words related to America's isolation", is related to America’sisolation with the world ; in "key Words related to America Middle Eastpolicy", is failure of US middle east policies; and the most frequentkeywords in the topic of "negotiation and relationship with the UnitedStates" are related to the characteristics of the United States whichinclude: Domination, tyranny, dictatorship, aggression, Warmongeringand Being cruel. In addition to these characteristics, hostility andarrogance of America was emphasized. According to research findings,America looking for unconditional talks with Iran to impose its demandsand in the context of relations, he also contemplates a contingentrelationship (the surrender of the Islamic Republic), which in the currentsituation, neither negotiation nor a relationship with the United States, theloss is more than its profit.