Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Feb 2015

Learning theories are the main guide for educational systems planning in the classroom and clinical training included in nursing. The teachers by knowing the general principles of these theories can use their knowledge more effectively according to various learning situations. In this study, Eric, Medline, and Cochrane databases were used for articles in English and for the Persian literature, Magiran, Iran doc, Iran medex, and Sid databases were used with the help of keywords including social cognitive learning, learning theory, behavioral theory, cognitive theory, constructive theory, and nursing education. The search period was considered from 1990 to 2012. Some related books were also studied about each method, its original vision, the founders, practical application of the training theory, especially training of nursing and its strengths and weaknesses. Behaviorists believe that learning is a change in an observable behavior and it happens when the communication occurs between the two events, a stimulus and a response. Among the applications of this approach is the influence on the learner’s emotional reactions. Among the theories of this approach, Thorndike and Skinner works are subject to review and critique. Cognitive psychologists unlike the behaviorists believe that learning is an internal process objective and they focus on thinking, understanding, organizing, and consciousness. Fundamentalists believe that learners should be equipped with the skills of inquiry and problem solving in order to learn by the discovery and process of information. Among this group, we will pay attention to analyze Wertheimer, Brunner, Ausubel theories, Ganyeh information processing model, in addition to its applications in nursing education. Humanists in learning pay attention to the feelings and experiences. Carl Rogers support the retention of learning‑centered approach and he is believed to a semantic continuum. At the other end of the continuum, experiential learning is located with the meaning and meaningful. It applies the minds and feelings of the person. From this group, the main focus will be on the works of Rogers and Novels. Finally, it could be concluded that the usage of any of these theoriesin its place would be desired and useful.

Suicide is committed by a person himself or herself and whether conscious or semiconscious it is aimed to end one`s life. This action is not committed inadvertently or incongruously. However, it could be related to one`s unmet needs and feelings of despair. Studies on the prevalence of suicide are related to environmental and seasonal circumstances. As there are diverse populations in Bandar Abbas of different races due to its geographical position, and as its weather condition is different from the other parts of country there is no study with this regard. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the correlations between and among demographical variables and suicide in different seasons of the year.

This study is a cross‑sectional one. Participants included 80 persons who had attempted suicide and were hospitalized within 2011 in the Ebnesina Hospital of Bandar Abases, Iran. The variables under investigation are the suicidal patients` demographic characteristics, where, when, and how the person had committed suicide. All of these data were available in their profiles. These data were analyzed by using the SSPS software.

The results showed that 45% of the suicidal people were the young and adolescent. Also, 75.5% of these people were single and 22.5% of them were married. Most suicides occurred in summer, which makes up 41.3% of all the suicidal people. On the other hand 11.3% of the suicides were committed successfully and 88.7% of them had been unsuccessful; 42.5% of suicidal people had used drugs and 38.8% of them had used pesticides to commit suicide — 78.8% of these patients had psychotic disorders and 12.5% of them suffered from mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between seasons in which suicide was committed, marital status, age, mental illness, and educational and occupational characteristics of suicidal patients.

This study showed that the most vulnerable people committing suicide were from among the young and adolescent. Singles had attempted suicide more than the married. Most of suicide attempters had used drugs to commit suicide. Generally, in the current study, some variables including season, marital status, age, history of mental illnesses, and educational and occupational variables were all associated with committing suicide.

Cigarette smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases and deaths. The most important preventive measure is technique to resist against peer pressure. Any educational program should design with an emphasis upon theories of behavioral change and based on effective educational program. To investigate the interventions through educational program in prevention of cigarette smoking, this paper has used the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).

This study is a quasi‑experimental study. Two middle schools were randomly selected from male students in Shiraz. Therefore, we randomly selected 120 students for the experimental group and 120 students for the control group. After diagnostic evaluation, educational interventions on the consequences of smoking and preventive skills were applied.

Our results indicated that there was a significant difference between students in the control and experimental groups in the means of perceived susceptibility (P < 0.000, t = 6.84), perceived severity (P < 0.000, t = −11.46), perceived response efficacy (P < 0.000, t = −7.07), perceived self‑efficacy (P < 0.000, t = −11.64), and preventive behavior (P < 0.000, t = −24.36).

EPPM along with educating skills necessary to resist against peer pressure had significant level of efficiency in improving preventive behavior of cigarette smoking among adolescents. However, this study recommends further studies on ways of increasing perceived susceptibility in cigarette smoking among adolescents.

Quality is one of the most important criteria for the success of an information system, which refers to its desirable features of the processing system itself. The aim of this study was the analysis of system quality of hospital information systems (HIS) in teaching hospitals of Isfahan based on the DeLone and McLean model.

This research was an applied and analytical‑descriptive study. It was performed in teaching hospitals of Isfahan in 2010. The research population consisted of the HIS’s users, system designers and hospital information technology (IT) authorities who were selected by random sampling method from users’ group (n = 228), and system designers and IT authorities (n = 52) using census method. The data collection tool was two researcher‑designed questionnaires. Questionnaires’ reliability was estimated by using Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. It was 97.1% for the system designers and IT authorities’ questionnaire and 92.3% for system users’ questionnaire.

Findings showed that the mean of system quality score in a variety of HIS and among different hospitals was significantly different and not the same (P value ≥ 0.05). In general, Kosar (new version) system and Rahavard Rayaneh system have dedicated the highest and the lowest mean scores to themselves. The system quality criterion overall mean was 59.6% for different HIS and 57.5% among different hospitals respectively.

According to the results of the research, it can be stated that based on the applied model, the investigated systems were relatively desirable in terms of quality. Thus, in order to achieve a good optimal condition, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the improving factors of system quality, type of activity, type of specialty and hospital ownership type.

Pregnancy and birth are unique processes for women. Women and families hold different expectation during childbearing based on their knowledge, experiences, belief systems, culture, and social and family backgrounds. These differences should be understood and respected, and care is adapted and organized to meet the individualized needs of women and families. The purpose of this study was to explore Iranian parturient needs, values and preferences during normal labor and delivery.

An exploratory qualitative study was used. Twenty‑four parturient women from three governmental medical training centers in Isfahan, Iran were recruited using purposive sampling. Participants were recruited to low‑risk women after they had given birth, but before they were discharged from hospital. Data were collected through semi‑structured in‑depth interviews, informal observations and field notes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the conventional content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman approach.

Women’s needs and expectations fell into seven main categories: Physiological, psychological, informational, social and relational, esteem, security and medical needs. All of the key needs in these data relates to a fundamental need, named “sense of control and empowerment in childbirth.”

Knowing a woman’s needs, values, preferences and expectations during normal labor and delivery assists healthcare professionals especially midwives in providing high‑quality care to parturient women.

Reviewing the human resources management literature shows an absence of attention given to the employee’s benefits. Taking a look at functions of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ wellbeing services system, it uncovers a gap between employees’ real needs and what is delivered to meet their needs. So it requires an improved comprehensive system for delivering wellbeing services (financial, insurance, health care services, educational and training services, etc). Wellbeing need assessment can helps planners to identify vital needs of employee and response to them effectively. Moreover it can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the current services which are delivered. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess wellbeing services of staffs working in TUMS to (1) evaluate the satisfactory rate of services which are delivered, and (2) exploring those wellbeing needs which were not fulfilled by the organization.

Being a cross‑sectional and analytic‑descriptive survey including 98 responding participants, it is conducted by a questionnaire collecting employees’ demographic information, their satisfactory rate of the implemented services, and determines unfulfilled wellbeing needs which were not already covered.

Results indicated that services related to financial, educational, non‑financial, insurance, occupational health and tourism/recreational services were the most satisfactory services successively. ‘Staff’s unwillingness to receive services’ and ‘poor announcement’ (unawareness on the wellbeing services),’ were found to be the most frequent reasons for not receiving the existing wellbeing services.

To increase the satisfaction rate and responsiveness to the real needs of the staff, the current delivery system of wellbeing services in the TUMS should be redesigned by defining new wellbeing packages

Diabetes is increasingly becoming prevalent worldwide. Pregnancy with diabetes is prone to maternal and fetal complications. Preconception care (PCC) is an important factor in alleviating gestational complications in those women who suffer from diabetes. This study seeks to gain insight into experiences of diabetic women and providers about PCC.

The present research was a qualitative research conducted on eight women with diabetes during the reproductive age and 15 health care providers of the public and private medical centers, which provide health care for women with diabetes in Isfahan (Iran), with a qualitative approach. Based on the aims of research, purposive sampling was done through semi‑structuralized individual interview. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis method.

Data analysis revealed three major categories: (1) Health centers weakness in providing PCC for diabetic women, (2) lack of a comprehensive PCC plan for diabetic women and (3) diabetic women’s negligence about having planned pregnancy.

In order to improve diabetic women’s health, precise training of students, health care providers and patients themselves with respect to PCCs should be taken into account. Designing diabetic PCC system is an essential factor to succeed in this trend

Considering the chronic nature of diabetes and its significant effect on quality of life of patients, the present study was conducted to evaluate predictors of quality of life in these patients in order to facilitate planning health promotion intervention programs.

The present study was designed as a cross‑sectional study on 140 type 2 diabetic patients of Om‑ol‑Banin Diabetes Center of Isfahan. Data collection tool was a multidimensional questionnaire including demographic and disease related data (12 items), the standard scale for diabetes distress (17 items), the standard scale for self‑efficacy in diabetic patients (8 items), and standard scale for specific quality of life of diabetic patients (15 items). Collected data were evaluated by SPSS version 11.5 using the Chi‑square test, Independent T‑test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis.

Results showed that the quality of life of diabetic patients had a statistically significant correlation with diabetes distress variable (P < 0.001) and self‑efficacy variable (P < 0.001). In this study R2 (predictive power) was 0.66. Multivariate regression model indicated diabetes distress (b = ‑0.277, P = 0.01) and self‑efficacy (b = ‑0.161, P < 0.001) as variables influencing adjusted self‑management for other variables.

The result of the present study urges that in planning health promotion interventions in the field of diabetes, more attention be paid to self‑efficacy and diabetes distress variables in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the interventions carried out.

Students in junior high school, particularly in the third level, are prone to a variety of stressors. This in turn might lead to stress, anxiety, depression, and other health‑related problems. There are a very limited number of action research studies to identify the effect of stress management techniques among students. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the effect of a program used in the math class to decrease the student’s level of stress, anxiety, and depression.

This was an action research study, which was conducted in region three of the Education and Training Office of Isfahan, in the year 2012. Fifty‑one students in a junior high school were selected and underwent a comprehensive stress management program. This program was prepared in collaboration with the students, their parents, teachers, and managers of the school, and was implemented approximately during a four‑month period. The student’s stress, anxiety, and depression were measured before and after the program using the DASS‑21 questionnaire.

The t‑test identified that the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression after the intervention were significantly lower than the corresponding scores before the program. One‑way analysis of variance (ANOVA) also showed that the students from the veterans (Janbaz) families had higher levels of stress compared to their classmates, who belonged to the non‑veteran families (P < 0.05).

Education and implementation of stress management techniques including cognitive and behavioral interventions along with active and collaborative methods of learning in the math class might be useful both inside and outside the class, for better management of stress and other health‑related problems of students.

 of Study: Statistical indices show a growing increase in the elderly population around the world and our country. On the one hand, senior citizens are more exposed to tragic events than other age groups due to natural physiological changes. Falling down, accidents and scalds are among the most prevalent deadly events in this age group. Environmental security is vital in maintaining the elderly’s health. Therefore, the present research was conducted seeking to determine the prevalence and causes of falls among the elderly hospitalized in Bandar Abbas hospitals.

 The present research is of a descriptive, cross‑sectional type. Research population is comprised of all the elderly patients in Bandar Abbas hospitals. The sample included 300 individuals who were selected according to convenience sampling method till the sample was saturated. The instrument used was a questionnaire and the data were also gathered through interviews. The collected data were later analyzed by SPSS version 16. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used along with the Chi‑squared test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

From among the 300 subjects, 47.3% had experienced falls since the age of 60. In 22 of cases, it had led to injury and they were obliged to visit a doctor. The results of this research revealed that the causes of falls among the elderly were respectively: 43.33% of unbalance, 12.3% of poor eyesight, 11.66% of non‑existing handles or fences, 12% of slippery ground, 2.66% of insufficient lightning, 8.66% of unbalance and poor eyesight and 9.33% of other reasons. As the results revealed, a correlation existed between falls and educational level (P < 0.025). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between sex and falls (P < 0.011). A similar significant correlation was also observed between the place of residence and falling down (P < 0.045).

According to the research results, planning to prevent events and traumas among the elderly and securing their residential environment is of an essential significance.