مجله پژوهش های تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی
پیاپی 14 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The philosophical and ethical thoughts of Nizami Ganjavi oneducating human soul and the tendency towards spiritual journey in his PanjGanj (Five Treasures) are clearly evident. Based on an educational approach,the present study investigated the role and position of tongue as a useful ordetrimental tool in self-purification with the aim of explaining the educationalthoughts of Nizami Ganjavi. The significance of this research was that itattempted to introduce the alignment of the poet’s educational goals withIslamic teachings as well as the relationship of poetry and literature with thefield of Islamic education. The research findings revealed that from the pointof view of Nizami, tongue has both good and evil aspects. On the one hand, itis a leading component of speech and the instrument of praise and eloquence.On the other hand, it is a fleshy muscular organ of the body that, when moveduntimely, brings misery to the audience and gets the speaker trapped intobackbiting, telling lies, gossiping and other sins of tongue. Paying dueattention to self-education in the light of recognizing the benefits anddisadvantages of speaking in relation to self and other was also emphasized by Nizami. For him, the origin of some sins of tongue might be jealousy,irascibility, impudence, ignorance and even the positive or negative influence of nature and essence. Therefore, the poet recommended humans use tongue and language complying with the conditions of the time and in a moderatemanner.

Friendship is both an innate need of human being and a necessity for his/her social life. This need is of greater and more special significance during adolescence. The present research used Grounded Theory, a qualitative research method, in order to advance a theory onfriendship to fill the gap of existing theories in Islamic studies on this topic. Hence, to gather data in the open coding stage, Shia resources were scrutinized. Furthermore, in two other stages: axial coding and selective coding, a strategic management model was adopted for data analysis (conceptualizing data and arranging them as a theory) which is a methodological innovation. To achieve this, each final category derived from the model was considered as one part of a component of the strategic model (i.e. mission, vision, policy etc.). This led to making a logical and systematic relationship between main concepts of the theory and consequently an integrated and total model was resulted which made the large amount of data and teachings more comprehensible. The outcome of this research was named “par excellence friendship theory” based on fundamental principles of friendship and finding friends from an Islamic viewpoint.

Looking at sin and the sinful person has been the subject of discussion in all human societies and religions and there has always been controversy surrounding it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the view of Islam on sin and the sinner from the perspective of the Qur’an and Islamic religious texts. Moreover, it aimed to study the consequences of sin in education from the perspective of the Qur’an. In this regard, a descriptive-analytical research method was adopted. First, the theoretical foundations of sin and the sinner as well as viewing a sinful person were investigated. Thereafter, all Quranic verses related to sin and the sinner and their synonym terms were extracted. Then, sin and the sinner were also investigated in. relevant principles were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The word sin itself, the meaning of sin, the origin of sin, the attitude of Islam to the sinner and the effects of sin on education were scrutinized. The results showed that the Quranic words synonymous with sin include . The identified consequences of sin in education from the viewpoint of the Holy Qur’an include anxiety, having guilty conscience, negligence, scandal, hindering knowledge, retribution and torment, hindering prayer, disbelief and hard heartedness. Of course, anxiety and having guilty conscience can have a useful aspect; they might lead to the return of the guilty person and his/her repentance. Of the influential factors resulting in repentance and forgiveness are having guilty conscience and anxiety arising from the commission of sin.