نشریه میراث و گردشگری
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1397)

Today, the environmental crisis is becoming a global problem and extensive efforts are being made by countries and international and regional associations to deal with pollution and environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sports tourism on Environmental sustainability from the viewpoint of tourism and sports experts. 384 participants were selected as a statistical sample, using the Cochran formula. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validity was evaluated by experts in the field of sports management and tourism the reliability of the questionnaire through a pilot study with 30 participants and Cronbach’s Alpha (0/80) respectively. After distributing and collecting questionnaires, 321 return questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS V. 24 and Amos V. 24 software, using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The result of exploratory factor analysis shows that 2 hidden factors, can explain 54. 48% variance of the variable. Were named as the agent of the positive effects and the cause of environmental negative effects. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also indicated that "the damage to prime areas through the spread of garbage" is a factor in the negative effects, and the "positive environmental factors" are the most important component in each of the factors.

One of the most important events in the tourism industry of each country is the demand for a product or destination of tourism. There will always be distances and deviations between actual and predicted values, but the use of scientific and modern methods of forecasting will cause the results to reach far more than an objective estimate to the truth. In recent years, with the changing pattern of holidays and the formation of short-term holidays, cities have found the opportunity for tourism development. One of the most important types of domestic tourism in Tehran, based on the statistics of the National Center of Statistics and the views of the experts in this area, is business tourism. For this purpose, the present study seeks to propose models for forecasting effective variables on forecasting domestic business tourism demand in Tehran. To do this, information was used between the years 2001 to 2015. Independent variable of this study is the number of domestic Business tourists in Tehran, and dependent variables were selected based on Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL techniques. The model framework is a combination of regression, fuzzy neural network, and SVR algorithm, which combines these methods to measure forecast errors and compare the methods. The results of this research show that the proposed hybrid approach of regression and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) can have better prediction than other methods for forecasting domestic Business tourism.

Tourism, as the largest service industry in the world, has a special role and place in the development of geographical areas. Once the dimensions and areas related to tourism are well known, more desirable scientific and practical steps will be taken for the real development of geographical areas. One of the important strategies for the development of tourism is investment in areas with tourism potential that expand the tourism industry. In these places, it can be used as an effective tool for the comprehensive growth and development of host communities. Model tourism areas are considered as an investment opportunity available to domestic and foreign investors and investment based on the functions of model tourism areas will be closer to success, which will also lead to the development of tourism in Golestan province. Unfortunately, the lack of basic studies and database on the expected structure and functions of each of the sample tourism areas in the province, has caused confusion or misleading investors. This article in terms of purpose, application and in terms of nature and method, Descriptive-analytical type; And its kind of a survey. In the present article, after reviewing research background studies, valid scientific and research articles and sources, structural and functional criteria of tourism sample areas were identified and after assessing their validity using the opinions of academic experts and experienced experts, two questionnaires were developed.The first questionnaire includes questions on demographic characteristics and structural and functional evaluation criteria of sample tourism areas from the perspective of experts and the second questionnaire from the perspective of investors. Then the questionnaires were distributed among 30 tourism and investment experts and 30 investors in Golestan province. The results showed that from the point of view of experts, public sector involvement in the field of investment, public participation and development and equipping of sample tourism areas and from the point of view of investors, functional diversity, location, facilities, financial resources, private sector investment and geographical location Model tourism areas are effective in the growth and development of tourism model areas. Also, according to experts, the development of model tourism areas in Golestan province attracts credit for creating and developing tourism infrastructure, organizing tourists and tourism growth, and from the perspective of investors affect tourist attraction and economic development. Contrary to investors' opinions, experts also believe that bureaucracy and cumbersome laws do not affect the attraction of investors in these areas, and the functional factors of the sample areas that affect investor attraction are advertising and marketing, while investors in addition to advertising and Marketing, diversity of function and management of sample tourism areas are considered to affect the willingness to invest.

Vents were widely used in the southern regions of Iran as elements of air conditioning and light supply, which was the second element after windbreaks considered by building users and architects. With the increasing use of mechanical systems instead of air conditioning systems, the use of vents in other buildings became obsolete, and this lasting heritage is destroying. A limited number of these vents are left and new buildings are built without considering the vents.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cyber-terrorism threats and the mental image of a tourist destination. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research consists of a group of tourists in cyberspace, which according to Cochran's formula with an unlimited assumption of 384 people was considered as a sample. The sampling method is simple random. The instrument used included a researcher-made questionnaire. In this study, in order to determine the reliability of the test, Cronbach's alpha method was used, which has a reliability of 0. 76. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests were used to test the hypotheses. Also, there is a significant difference between the perceived risk of various types of cyber-terrorism risks and the mental image of the tourist destination in Iran, with the highest predictive power related to cultural and social risks and the lowest predictive power related to physical destruction risks.