نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 5 (پیاپی 104، مهر و آبان 1400)

Human immunodeficiency virus infection /acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has grown to be one of the world’s most momentous pandemics. The present study aimed to explore the effects of stigma on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and recommend coping strategies to reduce this phenomenon.

Using a narrative literature review, the related articles were searched, retrieved, and selected from the databases of Noor Specialized Magazines (Noormags), Elmnet, Scientific Information Database of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (SID), IranMedex, and Magiran via the keywords of “Stigma, Social Stigma, Labeling, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and HIV” in Persian and in the databases of PubMed and Scopus in English. The same procedure was further performed in Google Scholar in both languages. The inclusion criteria were the full-text articles in Persian and English and the exclusion criteria were no access to the full-text articles, while review articles were removed.

Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and excluding the duplicate studies, 16 articles were recruited in total for review purposes. The effects of stigma on PLWHA consisted of individual and social consequences. As well, the most appropriate coping strategies to reduce stigma were acknowledged as “providing psychosocial support for infected people”, “raising awareness in the public and medical staff”, “cultivating spirituality and a close relationship with God”, “developing and implementing counseling strategies”, and “establishing specialty clinics for PLWHA”.

Given the study findings, it can be suggested that policy-makers and community healthcare managers pay much more attention to the individual and social consequences of HIV/AIDS and make further efforts to increase awareness in the public and medical staffs, strengthen spirituality in PLWHA, and set up specialty clinics for such individuals to cope with stigma.

Suicide as a psychological disorder is a serious problem throughout the world. Everyone with suicidal risk factors does not harm themselves. It means that some of them cope with difficulties, stress, and life changes. There are different coping strategies for suicidal crises.  

This cross-sectional study included 702 suicide attempters who were referred to the health care system from 1 August 2014 to 31 July 2015. We evaluated their coping strategies with a standardized questionnaire (Jalowiec Coping Scale). Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

The results reveal that the emotive strategy was the most common. We found that a higher educational level was a predicting factor of using some coping strategy. Overall, age and being married were the predictors of using any coping strategy.

By evaluating coping strategies that suicide attempters used and variables that affect it (e.g., age, educational level etc.), we can improve their coping skills to reduce the number of suicides.

 Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) are emotional and cognitive self-harming patterns formed at the beginning of growth and evolution in mind, and they are repeated and stabilized on the path of life; also, they have a lot of improper functions. This study examined the relationship between communication skills and EMSs in undergraduate students.

In this descriptive-analytical and correlatinal study, using stratified random sampling, 366 participants were selected from students of Islamic Azad University of Rasht in 2019, completed a communication skills questionnaire, demographic questions, as well as the Young Schemas Questionnaire (Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire-short version). Data were then analyzed by SPSS software, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient methods.

The majority of participants were female (79%), single (86.9%), and studying in humanities (73.8%). They aged 18 to 43 years (79.5%). Also, the results indicate a negative relationship between communication skills and EMS, which is statistically significant (P≤ 0.01).

Based on the findings, it is concluded that the university students who had more early maladaptive schemas showed poor communication skills.

Doubt predicts the performance of nurses and how they relate to patients. Therefore, the present study compared the effect of psychosocial model therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing the level of doubt in nurses.

The statistical population of this clinical trial included all nurses in Isfahan hospitals in 2018-2019. Amongst them, 45 people were selected by the convenient sampling method and divided in 3 groups. The researcher-made questionnaire of doubt and the Yale Brown Questionnaire were used to measure the research variables. Also, the treatment program based on psychosocial pattern of doubt and cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 12 separate 90-minute sessions. The data analyzed by the descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, and SPSS version 24.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment program based on psychosocial pattern of doubt are effective in reducing doubts of nurses and there is a significant difference between these two treatments and treatment program based on psychosocial pattern of doubt and the last one has a greater impact(P<0.05).

Therefore, the use of treatment based on psychosocial model can reduce doubts in nurses more than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to conduct research in various fields related to this issue, and participation as one of the main health factors according to World Health Organization, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety caused by COVID-19 and participation during the social distancing among Iranian population.

In this cross sectional-correlation study, 108 participants completed health anxiety and participation questionnaires. Data analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman ranking correlation test, and SPSS v24 software.

The findings showed that men showed more participation during the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing. Greater fear of getting infected by COVID-19 and general health concerns resulted in lower participation of individuals (r= 0.194, P< 0.05). The higher general health concern due to COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more restrictions on people's lives (r= 0.121, P< 0.05).

The findings of the present study indicated the role of gender in people's participation during social distancing and also the role of health anxiety due to the COVID-19 outbreak on participation and restrictions on people's participation. The relationship between participation and health constraints and anxiety can be used as an outline for guiding and designing smart distancing policies.

Psychological capital is very important in the success of people in health care organizations. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of psychological capital on improving resilience in nurses in coronavirus pandemic with the mediating role of empathy.

The statistical population of this cross-sectional study was 150 nurses of Shahid Modarres Hospital of Saveh city, Iran. Using a simple random sampling method, 108 cases were selected. Research instrument included the Empathy Scale of Hajiani and Moslehi Nik, and Psychological Capital Questionnaire of Luthans. Data analyzed through Pearson correlation test, structural equation modeling method, bootstrap test and SPSS22 and Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that psychological capital has a significant effect on improving resilience and empathy of nurses and the research model has a good fit (GFI = 0.907, CFI = 0.965, RMSE = 0.079)..

The results showed that increasing the psychological capital of nurses depends on increasing their level of empathy and resilience. Managers and head nurses should encourage nurses to believe

Resiliency is one of the influential factors in the mental health of gifted children. The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of lego therapy on the resiliency of gifted children.

The statistical society of this study included all children aged 4 to 5 years who were at the lego education center in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. Among them, 30 children were selected by the convenient sampling method. Then they were randomly divided into two groups. The research instrument consisted of the Resiliency Questionnaire of Merle, (2008) and the Intelligence Scale of Stanford Binet Roid (2003). The experimental group received the lego bricks in 12 sixty-minute sessions. Data were analyzed by using covariance analysis.   

The results showed that training by lego bricks had a significant effect on the resiliency and subscale (self-regulatory, social ability, responsibility, and empathy) (F= 47.00, P<0.01).

Based on the findings, the training by lego bricks increases the resiliency of gifted children. Therefore, consultants and therapists can use the lego bricks method to improve the resiliency of gifted children.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of trust and security in the relationship of differentiation with marital intimacy in women.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all non-clinical married women living in Mashhad in 2018 who were selected by the convenient sampling method and according to Morgan table, 400 persons were selected. Data were collected using Bagarozzi Intimacy Questionnaire (2001), the Self-Differentiation Questionnaire of Scorone and Dundee (1998), the Gutman Trust Questionnaire (2012), and the Maslow Psychological Security Questionnaire (2004). After data collection, descriptive statistics, structural equation method along with regression and Pearson test and AMOS 24 and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

The results of structural equation analysis showed that the proposed model fits the data (GFI= 0.83, RMSEA= 0.04). Also the results of regression analysis showed that trust and security had mediating role in the relationship between differentiation and marital intimacy (P= 0.001).

Based on the findings, differentiation affects marital trust, sense of security and intimacy. Therefore, by increasing the differentiation of people in marital trust, their intimacy and sense of security can be increased.