نشریه پژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 61، تابستان 1400)

Copying, collecting and compiling poems of poets in previous centuries was done in several ways. Sometimes the poet wrote his poem in his notebook during his life and over time, and after his death, that notebook remained the same. Sometimes the poet himself would collect his poetry collection and arrange it according to his own taste. Sometimes his friends and supporters compiled his poetry collection after his death, and sometimes in later centuries his poetry collection was compiled by a scribe according to himself taste. In each of these methods, the order of the poems (especially the sonnets) has been specific. In this research, we intend to deal with the methods of arranging poems in the books of poets and see which method is more logical, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method.The results of this study show that the alphabetical order of the poetry collections is by no means based on stylistic studies and research related to the evolution of Iranian thought and art, and the best method is the way in which poetry books are compiled today.

Examining the meaning of imperative propositions is one of the topics related to rhetoric (semantics). As a result of this study, it is possible to follow the orientation of poets' thoughts and interests on various topics; Because usually the initial interpretation of imperative propositions is imperative and order, while poets consider different meanings and intentions of imperative propositions, and this issue is more important in Hafez's poems due to the analytical-inferential structure of imperative sentences; A topic that unfortunately has not been well explored. Therefore, in this article, Hafez's imperative propositions in the first 250 lyric poems of Hafez's Divan have been studied by content analysis method (descriptive-analytical approach) and finally it has been determined that in the first 250 lyric poems of Hafez Divan (equivalent to 2098 bits), in 724 verses,there are imperative sentences (554 beits have a positive imperative and 170 beits have a negative imperative) and Hafez is a great imperativeer from this point of view.Of these, the frequency of imperative sentences with the meanings of desire and guidance is high, and perhaps this is one of the reasons for Fortune telling with Divan Hafez.In more than 35% of these poems, the construction of compound imperative sentence-analytic / inferential sentences is used, in such a way that the reader, after reading those imperative sentences, is mentally convinced and forgets the bitterness of the advice. In this article, Hafez's imperative sentences are also examined based on the type of speaker, audience and demand, and in all cases, an attempt is made to find a connection between Hafez's personal style and its results.

The value of Beihaqi's History as a literary and historical text is not overlooked by anyone. In this work, "Letters" are of special interest and analyzing them from different angles and with interdisciplinary approaches can open up new horizons. Since Amir Massoud has written letters to people with different positions, analyzing these letters in a scientific way, in addition to revealing some of its hidden angles, how the owners of power exploited the possibilities; it shows the language of domination and political goals. The "Speech Action" theory is one of the theories that can be used to analyze any type of text. This theory, first introduced by Austin and then completed by Searle, emphasizes the functional features of the spoken word tongues. Therefore, in the forthcoming study, the letters of the Amir Massoud Issue, which are listed in the first volume of the Behaqi History Book, are descriptively analyzed based on the Searl classification, first separately, then comparative, and eventually the overall form of speech performance is analyzed. According to the results of the research, the frequency of declarative actions, in addition to informing and describing the thoughts of Amir Massoud and attempting to confirm the truth of his speech show his desires and intentions. Also, the frequency of other actions and the causes and purpose of using them are shown in this article. There has also been a great deal of application of persuasive action within the context of this desire and effort, and a significant percentage of emotional action has been used as the third repetitive action in the letter to Ghadkhani due to a causal link with Ghadkhani, which expresses the Sultan's emotional spirit towards his relatives and relatives. . The low usage of accruals also reflects the king's spirit and character, which is not bound by commitment and assurance, although somewhere, Amir Masoud has given assurances of the data in cases where he has mentioned his positive qualities.

Local Color fiction includes stories in which the natural geography and the cultural, social, political and historical elements and characteristics of the climate play an important role in the structure and narration of the story. The flow of Local Color fiction literature began in earnest in the 30s in Iran and is divided into climatic regions of the south, west, east, Azerbaijan and north. Bijan Najdi is one of the writers of the northern region whose stories mostly take place in the northern climate and the various natural, cultural, social and political elements of this climate are reflected in them. The purpose of this article is to investigate how the climatic elements of the North influence Najdi's stories and the research findings show that Najdi has a conscious interaction with the climatic elements around him and these elements are an important part of the main structure and atmosphere of the narrative of his stories. The indigenous nature of the North plays an important role in the narration and atmosphere, objectification of the mentality of the characters and the social and political representation of the society and its consequences in Najdi's storiesand the events and adventures of the story are formed in harmony with the natural geographical environment.

T.S.Elliott, a British-American poet and critic, is considered one of the pioneers of literary modernism due to his formal, expressive, and thematic techniques. The book "Wasted Land" and "Four Quartets" show a new style and period of individuality and self-awareness in poetry, in which the subject / narrator of the poem achieves a deeper experience and understanding of life. Eliot's modern subject not only influences European poetry but also becomes the model and source of inspiration for modern Persian poetry. Bijan Elahi, the poet of the New Wave, in the books of "Youths" and " Seeing " is close to the characteristics of modern.This study has examined the poetry of these two poets based on modernist writing style. The aim of the study is to show Elahi influence of the components of modern poetry, especially Eliot.The results of the research indicate thatEliot and Elahi portray the situation of a human / subject who faces the tensions and crises of the modern world at the frontiers of self-awareness and individuality. This subject manifests his grief and despair of world in ways of personalization and depersonalization. World that is marked with destruction. Although the image of destruction and death in the Eliot is more frequent than the Elahi. Poetry of Elahi oriented to light and hope more than Eliot, but in general, light and hope in the elahi has a marginal function.

The main message of the literary propositions lies in their meanings and secondary function and the author uses it in artistic and beautiful way to affect the audience. Speech act is one of the subcategories of Pragmatic and aims to reopen the implied meanings; as centuries before its advent, traditional semantics had the task of specifying secondary purposes in the form of news and propositions.Imperative verb has a variety of applications as one of the subcollection of the essays in semantics and its pragmatic analysis has an important role in discovering the hidden layers of the author’s mind and thought and makes the affection more connected.Mohammad Reza ShafieiKadkani, the outstanding contemporary poet, in the collection of poetry "Aieenehei Baray-e Sedaha (A Mirror for Sounds) "has influenced on imaging and the conceptualization of the poetry. Reviews show that by applying the imperative verbs artistically in the the proportional and contradictory context of the poet and using the rhetorical elements, Shafiei could illustrate them in the convincing, guidance, encouraging applications, besides the other implicit applications like expressing the wonder, astonishment and threat. This secondary purpose is equivalent to Illocutionary Act in Austin’s speech act theories that recounts the power of impact on the audience and stimulating emotions by artistic ability to present them and says theAustin’s impact act.