فصلنامه مطالعات جامعه شناختی شهری
پیاپی 40 (پاییز 1400)

Nowadays, neglecting the environment and overlooking its problems is spreading rapidly. Efforts to develop and urbanize and ensure human well-being have disadvantages and benefits for humans and nature, and one of the disadvantages caused by society and its members is air pollution. In this research, the theoretical approaches of Bourdieu's lifestyle and cultural capital, Castells social networks theory and the biosphere of Habermas and others have been used. Since citizens can be effective in reducing air pollution with their attitudes and behaviors, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Meybod citizens towards air pollution and social factors affecting it. This research is a descriptive, analytical and survey type and the research population consisted of citizens 16 years and older, of which, using Cochran formula, 420 people were chosen via a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables of age, marital status, education level, residence status, income and citizens 'attitudes toward air pollution, but there was no relationship between gender and citizens' attitudes toward air pollution. There was also a positive and direct relationship between lifestyle, cultural capital, social networks and a significant negative relationship between profit-orientedness and the dependent variable. The results of regression analysis showed that the remaining variables in the regression model determined 19% of the variance of the dependent variable and the variables of lifestyle, profit orientation and age, respectively, played the most important role in the regression model. The results showed that the citizens of Meybodi put an emphasis on the priority of preserving the environment in spite of income and profit from working in factories, and also the category of lifestyle has a greater share and weight in explaining the dependent variable, which if strengthened together with cultural capital can change the attitude of citizens towards air pollution and environmental protection.

Citizenship culture is a set of common values, attitudes, and fundamental laws that include a sense of belonging, respect for a common heritage, as well as recognition of rights, obligations, and citizenship rules. This type of culture is a new approach and its effective results in the social and cultural development of society are undeniable. The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between social trust and the degree of adherence to the culture of citizenship among the citizens of Qazvin. The research method used was survey and the research population included all citizens aged 15-59 years old in Qazvin, of which, using Cochran's formula, 400 people were selected through cluster sampling to collect the necessary data. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that the variables interpersonal trust, trust in citizens, and trust in non-governmental organizations were significantly related to the components of citizenship culture (adherence to individual and collective values ​​and adherence to norms of citizenship culture). The type of relationship was also positive and direct. The results of regression analysis also showed that the variables present in the regression model were able to explain 29.5% of the changes of the variance of adherence to citizenship culture.

Today, cities face many problems and issues. Consumption of alcohol is a social problem in all urban communities and due to the fact that it is prohibited in Iran, its consumption mkes it into a social problem. On the other hand, the decrease in the age of consumption tends to introduce the young strata of society as a group at risk. The purpose of this study was to study urbanization and alcohol consumption among male youth of the city of Bardsir. The research method was descriptive-correlational, the research population included all male citizens aged 14 to 29 living in Bardsir of which, using Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected  simple random sampling. Data were collected using the standard questionnaire of alcohol consumption of Fishbine, Eisen and Allport and a researcher-made questionnaire of factors affecting the tendency of male citizens to consume alcohol. The results showed that individual, psychological, family, social, economic factors, structural management factors, cultural factors were significantly and negatively related to the tendency of young boys aged 14 to 29 years to consume alcoholic beverages. That is, by strengthening individual, psychological, family, social, economic, managerial and cultural structures, the tendency of youth to consume alcohol can be reduced.

The sense of belonging to the city indicates the existence of a positive mentality of individuals towards the place of residence and other citizens, and the continuity of belonging to the city inevitably involves a form of commitment for citizens to the surrounding social environment. Participation in the social life of the city has always been an important issue in the field of urban sociology. Therefore, this article seeks to examine the role of the sense of belonging to the city in the social participation of citizens in urban management and to play a role in the practical way of establishing a lasting relationship between citizens and the institution of urban management. Therefore, in a survey study using stratified sampling and simple random sampling method, a sample of 334 heads of households was selected and the data were analyzed using SPSS and Liserl software. The results of the study showed that the level of citizens' social participation (2.04), civic participation (2), participatory spirit (1.92), trust in managers (2.01) and also the degree of feeling of belonging to the city (2.46) were moderate. therefore, the mentioned social factors are effective in social participation in city management and in the test of structural equations, the relationships of these variables with the dependent variable were confirmed. In general, the results indicated moderate social participation of citizens, but due to immigration, mainly rural and intra-provincial, and the combination of urban neighborhoods, it has the necessary potential for urban management to benefit from the participatory capacities of citizens.

This study aimed to compare how young individuals spend their leisure time in slum and non-slum areas of Zahedan. Studying and paying attention to the ways in which young individuals spend their leisure time expresses, to some extent the dominant attitudes and values of the society. In the past, the ways in which leisure time was spent depended on the social class of individuals. However, nowadays, with the changes in people’s lifestyle, leisure time has become a part of each person’s life that can play a meaningful role in their capabilities. The theoretical framework of this study drew on the ideas of Bourdieu and Domazie. This study was an analytical descriptive one which was done by survey method. The research population of the study consisted of all young individuals aged 18-29 years in Zahedan who numbered 1200 people, of which, via a multi-stage cluster sampling method 291 people were selected as the sample. In order to collect information, a lifestyle questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of (0/85) were used. The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between lifestyles, the ways in which leisure time was spent, and leisure time companions in slum areas and non-slum areas

The purpose of this study was to study the effects of improvements in social capital on the promotion of social solidarity  in the multicultural city of Shahinshah . The method of the study was qualitative with a grounded theory approach. Porposeful sampling method was used for sample selection and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. In the research sample, 11 informants and experts knowledgeable about the subject who had political and executive responsibilities in Shahinshahr  participated in data collection. The findings indicated that the components of social capital experienced in Shahinshahr were social participation, social cohesion, social trust and strong intra-group bonding. From the participants' point of view, each of these components was desirable among the ethnic groups who were living in Shahinshahr.

The environment as a life-giving factor of human life has historically been destroyed by various factors and sometimes restored spontaneously. But with the industrialization of societies and the growing population and the achievement of more human welfare, the adverse effects and destruction of the environment have doubled. This is where the public mind must be awakened and informed, and a serious thought must be given to the life of human life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of individuals to participate in environmental protection and the factors affecting it by examining the environmental performance of Tehrani citizens born in the decades of 2001 and that of 1971.  The theoretical framework of this research was based on the theories of Gerbner, Schwartz, Owlander and Togherson. The research method used was quantitative-survey and the research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster and the sample size was 384 people. The results indicated that environmental participation is influenced by environmental knowledge, environmental ethics, environmental attitudes and media education, and the greatest impact is related to environmental knowledge and the willingness to cooperate and participate in activities. The status of the environment was higher among respondents born in the decade of 1971.