نشریه دراسات فی السردانیه العربیه
سال یکم شماره 1 (الخریف و الشتاء 2020-2019)

This article examines textual fragmentation and dispersion in Muʼnis Razzāz’s Alive in the Dead Sea (1997). It can be suggested that the novel’s fragmented textually refers to a chaotic and disorganized society, a fragmentation that can be observed at textual, temporal, spatial, character, and resolution of conflict levels. In the novel the author provides an atmosphere characterized with doubt, uncertainty, lack of faith and logic to strip classic texts of their realist and logical color. Accordingly, the novel’s fragmented textually is a democratic attempt not only to reflect dissonance and disorder but also to violate all rational and realistic principles so as to achieve borderless and infinite freedom, and confusion. As such, the novel narrates a new story based on nightmares and dreams that are indispensable to modern life. Here, Razzāz attempts to showcase the chaos and absurdity of contemporary life through textual fragmentation and confusion that generates multiple narrative levels.

Mankind is not separated from space, but a constituent of it. An artist has a deep knowledge and understanding of space and that is why space and place have always been considered as significant elements of literary texts. Adopting an analytical-descriptive methodology, this article examines the representation of space in Fawzí at-Taí’s I Had a Heart. The article attempts to answer the question how the representation of space in the novel influences its narrative features. The novel narrates the story of the U.S attack to Iraq in 2003 after the Gulf War. In order to characterize the characters, the author has used different forms of space: closed, open, mobile, and fixed. In this novel, it can be suggested, space is the link between the introduction and development of characters. Also, space plays an important role in the examination of events and interactions.

In My Heart A Hebrew Girl (2012) is a contemporary novel written by the Tunisian author Khawla Hamdi. The novle is written based on a real event that took place in Palestine and south of Lebanon whereby a group of people convert to Islam and resist oppression. In his influencial S/Z (1970), Roland Barthes proposes five narrative codes for textual analysis: Hermeneutic, Proairetic, Semantic, Symbolic, and Cultural. This article adopts a analytical-decriptive framework to exmine the textual representation of hermeneutic and proairetic codes in In My Heart A Hebrew Girl. The importance of this study is twofold: first it examines contemporary Arabic novel and second reads the novel based on Barthes’ narrative codes. The article finds that the author uses all Barthes’ narrative codes particually hermeneutic and proairetic codes because event and suspense constitute the main narrative bulk of the novel. The symbolic code is reflected in binary oppositions like Mulims and Jews, Islamic and Jewish hijab, light and dark, and behavior of characters. Also, the semantic code is reflercted in the characterization of Rima who as a Palestinenian suffers from oppression, against which other Muslim countries show no reaction. Finally, the cultural codes can be observed in Islamic and Jewish religious rituals and teachings as well as Palestinian resistance and jihad for the homeland and freedom.

This paper will investigate the image of Bedouins and the “Bedouin Chiefs” through analyzing selected traditional oral lyrics, folk wedding songs and mourning chants. The main goal of this study is to capture the conflicted image of Bedouin tribes in the Egyptian folk tradition, fathoming how the Egyptian collective unconscious preserved the portrayal of the Bedouin Chief reflected in oral folk tradition. I will also focus on the differences between that image and the stereotypical one dominating by European orientalists. Classical Arab historians and European orientalist explorers have portrayed Arab Bedouin tribes known as badw or Arab tribes, who settled or migrated across Egypt and North Africa throughout various historical periods equivocally and aporetically. Historians and Western scholars have imparted multiple accounts and vivid descriptions of these settled Arab tribes. They depict the long cultural bitter conflict between urban lifestyles and traditional Bedouin culture and epitomize the polarization and conflict between urbanized and nomadic culture. They associated negative images towards Bedouins. Many historians and Western scholars Reflect Egyptian peasants or the conflict between peasants and Arab Bedouin tribes in Egypt. Contrary to these historical observations, the portrayal of Bedouin Chiefs in the popular collective unconscious and oral tradtions was not necessarily negative but was rather imbued with respect in many instances and with idolization in others. I argue that the Egyptian folk tradition was more tolerant to and welcoming of the Arab or Bedouin tribes the Egyptian cultural and social mosaic. My critical analysis will define the characteristics of  of Bedouin Chiefs”, and will investigate the image of Bedouins and the “Bedouin Chiefs” through analyzing selected traditional oral lyrics, folk wedding songs and mourning chants.

The analysis and examination of the function of narrator in a literary text plays an important role in reading it from a new point of view.Gerard Genette, the French narrative structuralist, has theorized the role and function of narrator(s) in literary texts. RadwaAshour’s historical novel,Al-Tantouria(2010) in which the author utilizes different narrative techniques, is a good case study from a Genettian point of view. In the novel, the author utilizes different intradiegetic narrativeforms: observer narrator, I-as-protagonist, I–as-witness, and second-person narrator. In the novel, due to the first-person narrator lack of knowledge, the author takes advantage of the observer narrator to fill the mentioned gap. Thenovel, due to its temporal fragmentation in describing events as well as the limited first-person narrator,has been studied from a variety of narrative point of views. In the course of the novel, I–as-witnessand second-person narrators narrate events and actions from their point view as the author-narrator narrates the story in the absence of the protagonist. In the novel, monologues are addressed to intradiegetic audience, and therefore are dramatized. Drawing on Genette’s narratology theory and adopting a descriptive-analytical method,this article examines different dimensions of the narrative in Al-Tantouria as well as their role in the production of meaning. The analysis and examination of the function of narrator in a literary text plays an important role in reading it from a new point of view.Gerard Genette, the French narrative structuralist, has theorized the role and function of narrator(s) in literary texts. RadwaAshour’s historical novel,Al-Tantouria(2010) in which the author utilizes different narrative techniques, is a good case study from a Genettian point of view. In the novel, the author utilizes different intradiegetic narrativeforms: observer narrator, I-as-protagonist, I–as-witness, and second-person narrator. In the novel, due to the first-person narrator lack of knowledge, the author takes advantage of the observer narrator to fill the mentioned gap. Thenovel, due to its temporal fragmentation in describing events as well as the limited first-person narrator,has been studied from a variety of narrative point of views. In the course of the novel, I–as-witnessand second-person narrators narrate events and actions from their point view as the author-narrator narrates the story in the absence of the protagonist. In the novel, monologues are addressed to intradiegetic audience, and therefore are dramatized. Drawing on Genette’s narratology theory and adopting a descriptive-analytical method,this article examines different dimensions of the narrative in Al-Tantouria as well as their role in the production of meaning.

The study of character and characterization in literary texts is a complex issue, which requires a comprehensive knowledge and understating of characterization methods and techniques. One reason for such complexity is the limitation of time and space in most of literary texts.  A literary character, in order to be accounted as an influential element in a literary work, should be developed within technical frameworks and equipped with motivation. The Flower Quay No Longer Answers (1961) is one of the latest novels of Malik Haddad, an Algerian poet and author whose oeuvre has influenced the literary tastes of the Algerians. In this novel, the protagonist shares common characteristics and destiny with the author. Adopting a technical method, this paper examines different layers and structures of characterization in The Flower Quay No Longer Answers in order to delineate the way the author has developed the novel’s characters. It can be suggested that an analytical method dominates the novel’s characterization structure. It can be concluded that this novel does not share common characteristics with short stories and manages to portray different images for readers due to the abundance and interconnection of characters and places.

The topic «I and others» of the topics that we want to analyze in the novel «While leaving us the bridge» by Abdul Rahman Munif, Sartre and Derrida who have shares in this area. The subject of “I and others” is a branch that originated in the embrace of philosophy and grew up to its most intense shade, and then came other epistemological branches after that, in order to enjoy these shades, and contribute to the watering of this glittering lush tree of aesthetics and to add new branches to it. This tree is naturally philosophical, and not in several eras throughout history. Perhaps with greater force and more brilliant prosperity, even for a long time Because it is one of the most prominent manifestations of the specificity of the human species and distinguish it from other organisms. In this narrative, Abdul-Rahman Munif uses the research « I and others » behind the character and incidents in his novel to show us what is the reality of thin

Narratology, which helps to study structural elements of literary texts, is an important aspect of literary theory, and has generated much criticism in the field of contemporary literature. Gérard Genette is one of the pioneers of narratology and has identified five central categories that make up the narrative elements of story: system, continuity, narrative frequency, shape and tone. The aim of this study is to take advantage of Genette’s narrative categories to analyze narrative techniques in Warraq Al-Hob novel written by the contemporary Syrian author, Khalil Sweileh. The search achieves the following findings first person point of view is used in this novel and the narrator is the main character; there is a gap between the time of the narration and the time when events occur; and the narrator narrates the events after the event. To put it differently, the story is narrated in non-chronological order, which indicates that the novel contains a paradox. Also the Genettian system, continuity and narrative frequency are used. There are two narrative methods and techniques in terms of size and continuity in the novel: (1) there is a positive acceleration that usually takes a short volume of the novel to tell about a long event and (2) there is the negative acceleration of the narration, in which the events are mentioned in more detail. We also note that the writer uses dialogue and description of elements to slow down the speed of the narration. In addition, we observe the use of various narrative identified by Genette. The author informs the recipient of events what happens in his novel step by step. In addition, we observe that Sweileh began his novel in an introductory way, but the end of the story readers come to know  that the novel is an introduction to a novice writer who wants to write a love story. This is a narrative technique developed by Sweileh in order to confuse the mind of the reader. Then it seems that Khalil Sweileh was able to come to terms with what he learned and that he mentions different titles in his account to the audience. We can point out that the repeated description of an event is one of the salient features in the narrative structure of the novel, which exemplifies the technique of recurrence or narrative frequency. The narrator tells the story of events that happened several times in a similar way, and his narration is amazing every time. The author integrates a number of literary texts into his narration. The relationship between the identity of the author and the date of reading and the time associated with the author is referred to when "The History of Reading" is mentioned in which the writer imaginatively lives with Jorge Luis de Borges. Warraq Al Hob is one of the most prominent works of Khalil Sweileh Roulieh. In fact, this novel is a story about writing a story. It is about writer struggling to write a story about love and history and was inspired and started to write his own story about his real world, his mind and his imagination, as well as the literary information he acquired during his lifetime to write. The author can be compared with world-famous writers such as "Gabriel Garcia Marquez (author of the novel" One Hundred Years of Solitude "), Nizar Qabbani, and Alberto Mangel. In the novel, the author simultaneously experiences humor, joy, and sometimes hatred. He also experiences other writers’ experiences, or is inspired by writing world writers in some places such as writing in the kitchen; refers to the events that occurred to him and mentions historical events that he came across in historical or romantic books. Probably that is why he named the novel Warraq Al Hob.

The relationship between the place and the human being is a very strong and special one, because when a man loses his place, he loses his calm and tranquility. The place is the source of security and tranquility, as the source of aversion, fear and despair. The fictional world created by the novelist is not excepted to that. If we recognize that the character is the active factor in constructing the narratives and generating the facts, and in order to realizing these events and movements of characters, there must be a local theater in which these events take place and the characters move on. And the feelings of the characters and their impressions are different to it, whether positive or negative. In view of the novel Hina Tarakna Al-jisr (when we left the bridge) by Abdurrahman Munif, we note that the writer, like the other gifted novelists, employs the place - as an artistic agent and links Zaki Al-nadawi - the main character - to the place. So that, determines the world- place in which this character lives, with his thoughts, opinions, feelings and emotions embodied in the place, an artistic embodiment establishing a strong relationship between character and the place, so that the reader clearly sees that the place affects him as well as the character affects it.

The novel  “pay with the best” by Jamilu Abdullahi Alkanawi well known in the Nigerian literature, it is an analysis of some social problems, where he was discussed  about the life of a young man named Bashir from one of the northern state who was sent to Ibadan state for one year national service and left his lover named Sarah, one of his  friend deceived him and married her, when he returned and heard what happened  he feel a great sadness , and finally become a patient, and treated that traitorous friend with what is best, this research aims after used descriptive approach of data collection and analysis, and the importance of the research appears in knowing the narrative tools available in the novel,  the research reached important resultthe novel had some narrative techniques in it like: scene, summary, rest, deletion, description, retrieval, and foresight, and the novel was characterized by the abundance of characters, and by use of the rounded heroine character and the flat character who has no sound and no movement. And the novel used the explanatory description of narrative.

Historical novels usually use historical events and materials and choose characters from historical figures. However, we should not confuse an author with a historian in terms of artistic production with is an imaginative process. In fictional texts, characters are freed from their specific historical era. Belgrade Druze is a historic novel in which the writer attempts to form an intertextual link between historical and literary events. This would outweigh the literary side against the historical side. This article attempts to show the novelist’s approach to the narration of historical events in the novel. The article finds that that Rabie Jaber, the writer, makes use of the real function of the novel to establish a relationship between the reader and historical events

The work searches for the structure of the event and its analogies in the text, trying to benefit from (Todorov's) study of patterns, which were identified by three styles: (inclusion, rotation and succession). The problem is related to uncovering the origins of the creative fictional text through the structural approach, in order to open a new horizon for analyzing the fictional text, which makes the text more effective. The revolution of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, is eternally immortal, not dead after successive ages, and it will not be forgotten, but rather becomes more lenient. Over the years. And the immortality of the Hussaini Revolution lies in many reasons, including its reform goal and its wise leadership, then its humanity, which it draws from values ​​and ideals, and the Hussaini Councils have a great impact on their perpetuation, especially in the days of Muharram and Safar, and these councils include preaching and counseling, knowledge of legislation and what a person needs in terms of science and concepts. Other, and the imams (peace be upon them) emphasized the revival and establishment of these councils in order to reinforce the eternity of the goals of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, and his revolution.