فصلنامه ادبیات و زبانهای محلی ایران زمین
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1400)

The research on the structure of Iranian dialects and accuracy in their treasure trove vocabularies can unlock many semantic nodes of Persian words especially used words in ancient texts. This article, while dealing with the position of Balochi language among Iranian languages and dialects, and the expression of a kind of structure of this language, has made a comparative study of twelve Persian-Balochi words which have been used in Ancient Persian transcripts. This study is around the meaning of words most of which are not actively used in modern Persian. In addition, some of them have less evidence in past Persian texts, especially works related to the Khorasani style. The words discussed in this article are as follows: Bazhr, Qalandar, Haraj, Totoq, Zadeh, Lebāsāt, SoɁlook, Khasm, Qallaash, Vāy, chāk, tāmāt. These words have been used in prominent works of ancient Persian, but due to the less evidence has survived and the apparent similarity of some of them with some Arabic words, scholars are skeptical of their originality and meaning. The Balochi language, as one of the Iranian languages which have preserved its relatively to ancient structure, and it has an ancient treasure trove of Iranian words, it has been less attacked by foreign ones, can in this regard be a good guide.

Ecolinguistics is an interdisciplinary approach attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. The environmental elements represented in everyday language, idioms and proverbs of different varieties. This article aims at investigating the ecological images in, idioms and proverbs of Varaki Variety. The data gathered from 8 informants (4 men and 4 women) between 38 to 80 years old. After gathering data, data transcribed, and then analyzed by ecolinguistic approach. Linguistic images include similie, metonymy, irony and proverbs. For revealing these images, animals and plants play important role. The characteristics of animals are more frequent than plants. The images of animals include animal appearance and behavior. Animal images include animals such as sheep, donkey, cow, calf, dog, goat, bear, hog, wolf, hen, ram, cat, camel and insects. Physical characteristics include fatness, thinness, weakness, ugliness and beauty. Behavioral characteristics include fast, slow, anger isolation, persistence, ignorance, and insidious ones.

Cultural conceptualizations express the manner of thought and ideology of a society to these phenomena. The study of the cultural conceptualizations helps to solve cultural misunderstandings and facilitate the cross-cultural understanding. The Cultural conceptualizations of anger using the words of the body organs and the elements of nature and the cultural origins of conceptualizations have been studied in Bakhtiyari Dialect of Zazomahroo Region. Research method is descriptive-analytical one. Due to rural and nomadic lifestyle of people, the words related to natural phenomena and the elements of nature are used as a basis for cultural conceptualizations. Some of the cultural conceptualizations are expressed through using the words related to the body organs. Statistical population is 700 expressions, proverbs and phrases related to angry. Data were obtained by field study, interviewing and observations. The analyses of the data showed the origins of the cultural conceptualizations in rural and nomadic people’s lifestyle, beliefs, ideologies, imaginations, and the physiological effect of feelings and emotions of anger on human body. This lifestyle makes people have a direct contact to the nature; therefore, they use the impious and destructive aspects of natural phenomena as a concrete domain to express the abstract notion of anger. They use their beliefs and imaginations about the effects of anger on the body organs to express the cultural conceptualizations. cultural conceptualizations of anger as “fire, heat, force, flood, snow slide, and lightning” come from the inspiration of natural phenomena and  rural and nomadic lifestyle.

The present study aims at analyzing and describing inflectional features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati dialect (central part of Bavanat city). It is the first systematic study on this dialect. Our research method is descriptive one based on data collected through field and library search. In this research, we have studied and analyzed the categories in terms of their structural as well as semantics features. The significant findings of the research are as follows: since the most common plural marker is /ǎ/, the speakers are often forced to apply different phonological processes to the nouns to make them pronounceable. The most common indefinite marker is "jej" whose equivalence in standard Persian is ‘jek’ ‘one’.  Extra marker is frequently omitted in this dialect. The possessive pronouns are also structurally unique and the details of which are discussed in the paper. As far as the verb is concerned, second plural person-number marker, /-ik /, is quite different from that in standard Persian. In verbal negative forms, the prefix "mi-" is reduced to "m"; for instance the standard verbal form such as "ne-mi-ræv-æm" ‘I won’t go’ is changed into "næ-m-r-æm". Many other findings and specific features of the dialect are presented in conclusion section of the paper.

Rostam city is one of the cities of Fars province. With the exception of two villages in this city, the dialect of the rest of the people of the city, is Lori. The number of villages studied is 59 ones. The research method was a combination of field and descriptive methods and linguistic materials were collected by guided collection method. The questionnaire of this research is based on the national project of Atlas language, which includes 105 words and phrases and 36 sentences. Data were transliterated after the interview using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Some words of this dialect are completely different from standard Persian, some have only a different pronunciation and some are completely the same. There are five types of syllables in this dialect, which are: cv, cvc, cvcc, ccv, ccvc. Also, in this dialect, vowel extension causes semantic differentiation in some cases. The order of adjectives, and nouns is the same as in Persian, except the ones in some cases, [e] are omitted.  The plural sign in this dialect is [-æl], added to the end of the nouns. The definite article is / -æku / and / -ku / added to the end of the definite nouns.

This study aims to investigate verbs inflection in Ghaen dialect, and doing the same, examines the existence of ergative-absulatlive case marking system in this dialect. The ergative structure is one of the features that has survived in some Iranian dialects (such as Kermanji, Taleshi, Tati, Baluchi, etc.) while in others (such as Contemporary Farsi, Central and Southern Kurds, Lori, Mazandaran, Gilaki, etc.), they have lost their role and replaced it with other types of case-marking systems, including nominative-accusative. The research data collection was conducted in the field and in the library method in the city of Ghaen which is located in the southern Khorasan between 33 to 34 degrees north latitude and 38 to 60 degrees east longitude. The data analysis showed that this dialect as one of the Iranian north – eastern ones preserved a feature of semi-ergativity from middle era up to now.