International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting
Volume:7 Issue: 26, Summer 2022

The present paper has examined the relationship between environmental sustainability performance with quality of voluntary disclosure of 71 different companies during the period of 2012 to 2018 (total number of 497 year-company). In order to measure the environmental sustainability performance and voluntary disclosure of these companies, a content analysis of the board of directors’ reports was conducted. With this end in view, a checklist, consisting of 5 environmental sustainability performance components and 16 voluntary disclosure components, was prepared, and the multivariate regression method was used to test the research hypotheses. The research findings indicated that 279 year-company disclosed their information with high quality, compared with 218 year-company that provided their information with low quality. In other words, most of the investigated companies disclosed their information with significant disclosure. Moreover, it was notable that there was a statistically significant relationship between the high- and low-quality voluntary disclosed information and environmental sustainability performance of the investigated companies. The results also revealed that, based on the theory of voluntary disclosure, the superior sustainability performers preferred to disclose the information with high quality to demonstrate their performance superiority over the market, whereas based on the legitimacy theory, poor sustainability performers used low quality information disclosure to simultaneously conceal their actual performance and protect their justifications.

Progress in technology as well as extensive environmental changes have accelerated the economy. Intelligent models are examples of these developments predicting the corporate bankruptcy in the future. Investors and creditors are very interested in predicting the corporate bankruptcy, looking for reliable strategies to identify distressed and bankrupt companies. In the present research, companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange in a 10-years period were investigated in terms of bankruptcy based on localized Kordestani-Tatli model based on Altman model, healthy and bankrupt companies were identified as, and those added to or excluded from the stock market during 10 years were eliminated. The research data were collected and refined by means of secondary data extracted from financial statements and through the databases of the Exchange Organization as well as the Central Bank. The models employed to assess the data and predict bankruptcy included six metaheuristic algorithms including gravitational, gray wolf, genetic, imperialist competition, whale and differential evolution algorithm in combination with neural network; and the quality of the predictive models were compared in terms of accuracy and other assessment criteria. Financial ratios in three groups of profitability, liquidity, and capital structure were considered as the input variables of the models with good predictive power in determining bankruptcy. Hence, from the six algorithms investigated in terms of accuracy, the proposed model of the current research includes the three genetic, imperialist competition, and gray wolf algorithms in combination with artificial neural network method having 86% correct prediction accuracy and being able to provide reliable results.

The present study has prioritized the challenges of the Social Security Organization in the field of resources and expenditures. Challenges identified in this study include economic conditions, contextual conditions and interventionist conditions. From the perspective of purpose, this research is among the applied research and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-survey research. The results showed that among the indicators of economic and social conditions, the first five indicators include instability and recession, economic inflation, unfavorable economic conditions for investing insurance reserves, widespread unemployment and risks, fears and extremes. Emerging) such as Corona, sanctions, etc(. The first five indicators of the underlying conditions include increasing government accumulated debt to the fund, non-timely payment of the organization's receivables by the government, overcoming spending growth relative to revenue sources, government and parliament intervention in the fund independence and transferring loss-making and low-yield companies to the organization. Finally, five indicators with priority component of the intervention conditions, including weakness in management, reserves and investments of the organization, weakness in the structure of planning and budgeting, inefficient processes in the functional areas of the organization, weakness in the mechanism of continuous evaluation of units Organization and system weakness The comprehensive system of statistics and insurance information and management have been in the organization.

Today, investment in the stock market requires novel and efficient methods along with effective trading strategies for more accurate prediction of stock price future movements. This paper compares the performance of implementing LGBM and CatBoost trading strategies on a portfolio, which is formed, based on fundamental analysis and future study. First with use of future study and expert’s opinion, stock market scenarios designed and a portfolio consist of 6 fundamental stocks is built. In next step for each selected stocks a model is developed by means of LGMB and CatBoost algorithms and related stocks data from 2014 to 2019 to predict stock price movement. Model inputs includes, technical indicators, stocks trading data and some market and fundamental index. Bayesian hyper parameter was used to optimize the model’s key parameters. Results show that models optimized with Bayesian hyper parameter are more accurate than models, which optimized with grid search and implementing short-term trading strategies based on gradient boosting machine (LGBM) prediction signals cause better performance in comparison with CatBoost based strategies and Tehran Stock Exchange Index.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of accounting concepts on the level of risk disclosure in annual financial reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, five indicators (Financial Distress, accounting conservatism, level of tax avoidance, Dividend policy and level of corporate social responsibility) have been used to examine accounting concepts. For this purpose, hypotheses were compiled and information related to companies that are members of the stock exchange for the period between 2009 and 2018 were examined and analyzed. The statistical population of the study according to the conditions considered for sample selection, including 140 companies that were selected by systematic elimination method. The research regression model was investigated and tested using the panel data method with a fixed effects approach. The results showed that among the accounting concepts, the index of financial distress and tax avoidance due to the decrease in the level of supervision, transparency and proper disclosure has a significant negative effect on the level of risk disclosure in annual financial reporting. also, the results confirm that Increasing the level of transparency that is part of companies' responsibility for increasing the level of public welfare has a significant positive effect on risk disclosure in annual financial reporting. However, accounting conservatism and corporate dividend policies do not have a significant effect on the level of risk disclosure in annual financial reporting.

Therefore, determining the indicators affecting the spread of rumors will lead to the development of the success of the bank and its investors. Due to the study of the current situation and the lack of observation of research related to the subject and the lack of theoretical framework in the field of effective indicators of commercial rumors, the present study is conducted in a mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative stage, 20 experts are interviewed by a snowball and purposeful sampling method. The data of this section are analyzed by a phenomenological approach based. In the quantitative stage, using the questionnaire obtained from the results of the qualitative section, the opinions of 40 accounting experts are obtained by judgmental and purposeful sampling. The data of this section are evaluated using a one-sample t-test. Based on the results of the qualitative section, the themes and the main and sub-themes (including 7 themes, 22 main themes, and 64 sub-themes) are extracted. The results of the second part of the research confirm 7 themes, 11 main themes, and 16 sub-themes extracted from the qualitative part of the research. In general, the viewpoint of Shahr Bank experts is similar to the view of accounting experts in some cases. After comparing the results of qualitative and quantitative parts of the research, the need to train and promote the shareholding culture among shareholders and to have a long-term time horizon along with the use of algorithmic transactions at the time of decision-making is suggested to investors.

The present research was carried out aiming at analyzing stock in a complex market on the basis of portfolio optimization using network architecture. The statistical population of the study included 50 top stock firms in the last three months of 2019-2020 (first three months 2020) and the financial information of these firms was analyzed. The present study calculated the centrality measures of each firm and then ranked them based on those results in regard to the total performance difference of each firm in comparison to all top firms including the performance of the firm under assessment and by emphasizing the standardized integrated performance criteria. Thus, the yield spread of the assessed item was used in making an investment decision in comparison to all other justified options. With reference to the centrality measure ranks, investing in Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company with the first rank centrality measure was considered to be the best investment option, and investing in Glucosan company with the rank of 50 was the last choice for investment. In accordance with the former studies, the variables of profit volatility, capital return, firm value, market risk premium, stock profitability, financial structure, liquidity, and survival index were used in the model of the present research as the important factors affect stock portfolio optimization.

In infrastructure projects, the government can solve the problem of financing projects by using its internal resources and direct costs or by concluding contracts that are accompanied by financing in addition to the implementation of the project. This article tries to supply different types of these contracts including Construction, Operation and Transfer (BOT), Buyback, Joint Venture and Engineering, Procurement, Construction Finance (EPCF) with emphasis on BOT contracts since these contracts are becoming increasingly important due to the difficulties of developing countries in financing projects using government direct costs. The results of this article indicate that in each of the infrastructure projects, a specific type of these contracts may be applied and none of these methods are weak or strong on their own. The financing method which can provide the interests of the contact parties is variable depending on the nature of the project or intended pattern and the political and economic conditions ruling the host country. BOT's method is increasing in developing and financing infrastructure projects of developing countries which are in dire need of financing projects. It should be noted that this article is written in a descriptive-analytical manner.

One of the most important topics in international private law and foreign investment is the possibility of acquiring immovable properties for a foreign investor as a tool and introduction to start an economic activity in the host country considering the impact of foreign investment on the growth of economic and industrial indicators of countries.On the other hand, in order to maintain the national security and public order, imposing some restrictions on foreign investors is inevitable in this regard. In the meantime, some limiting conditions of immovable properties acquisition for foreign nationals are provider for interests of the investor’s country than the country receiving the capital .One of these conditions is the “Reciprocal Treatment”. One of the purposes of this article is inspecting the advantages and disadvantages of the aforementioned condition in legal sources and the way successful countries of the region function in attracting foreign investors for confronting the condition and also accommodating their legal status in comparison with Iran current regulations.

In recent years, several attempts have been made to position management accounting systems (MAS) on development of intellectual capital (IC) and the use of Business Intelligence (BI) and Business Analytics for supporting decision-making is widespread in the world, hence Business Intelligence has effect on relatinship between management accounting systems with intellectual capital dimensions. The purpose of this research is the survey of impact of management accounting systems on development of intellectual capital dimensions by emphasis on intelligence business in Iran capital market. This research is practical and descriptive-correlation and case study that did in Iran capital market in 2019. To do this research a sample was chosen which includes 376 firms of the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research two hypothesis were set forth. After completing the research and doing descriptive and (Linear Multiple regression) inferential statistic's tests, the research hypothesizes were proved. Finding show that there is relationship between management accounting systems with development of intellectual capital dimensions and business intelligent had impact on these relationships. It is better that Managers use management accounting systems and Business Intelligence together in order to development of intellectual capital.

Recognizing the personality characteristics of accountants becomes even more important when these characteristics influence their behaviors in performing professional duties. Machiavellianism is one of these negative personality characteristics that are associated with suspicion, desire for control, desire for position and disregard for moral principles, and so on. On the other hand, financial behavior and financial knowledge are important components of personal financial wellness that have undeniable effects on people's lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Machiavellianism and financial behavior and financial knowledge in the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants. This study is applied in terms of purpose and it has used the method of descriptive-analytical research. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The research hypotheses were tested by Pearson correlation coefficient, t and Levin tests, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS 22 and SMARTPLS 2 software. The results of the study showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between Machiavellianism with financial behavior and financial knowledge by considering demographic variables. While no significant relationship was found between objective financial knowledge and financial behavior, there is a significant and direct relationship between subjective financial knowledge and financial behavior and between objective financial knowledge and subjective financial knowledge.

In today's world, information technology (IT) has an undeniable influence on life and businesses, and activities in the digital environment are ever-rising. Digital transformations in modern time will dramatically change banking systems and financial service provider companies. The widespread of banking operations and digital transformations in this field indicates that other risks are also of paramount importance in addition to the current risks of banks. In today's environment full of evolution, the success of firms relies on their mastery of risks. In this study, we intend to examine the risk of banks after today's developments in the digital domain. In this survey, interviews were carried out with banking industry experts in the city of Tehran. The focus of interviews was on experts' views and specialized opinions on the factors affecting digital banking risk management. The FUZZY DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method deals with the examination of the relationships between criteria and sub-criteria.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of internal control system to reduce financial violations and promote administrative health in Guilan social security.Therefore, in terms of purpose, it is an applied research, because in addition to the awareness, knowledge and science aspect, it will also have a practical aspect for relevant organizations. Due to the purpose and nature of this research in terms of method, it was a qualitative research that was conducted by interviewing research experts.The qualitative approach has been grounded theory. The statistical population included university professors and managers of the Social Security Organization.The results showed that the main categories of the internal control system model in the Social Security Organization to reduce financial violations and promote administrative health in social security in Guilan, are including technology, education, management activities, monitoring and control activities, intra-organizational components, factors related toEmployees extra-organizational components and rules and regulations.

Today, the banking sector has changed a lot by the influence of increasing innovations like vast use of technologies and banking business outlook in global economy is vastly changed. Perceived risk in accepting financial technologies is an important and inseparable part of banking industry and new businesses have developed their activities by entering banking-specific activities. This study aims to investigate the influence of perceived usefulness, customer experience, word of mouth advertising, and trust on acceptance of use of financial technologies by mediating role of perceived risk in banks customers. In terms of goal, this is an applied research and it is a quantitative research with a descriptive survey strategy. The statistical population of the research included Pasargad Bank customers and customers were selected as sample members by means of Cochran's formula. Data were gathered by a questionnaire and PLS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that customer experience has a negative impact on trust and acceptance of financial technologies and other variables had positive impacts on trust and acceptance of financial technologies. Furthermore, the mediating role of perceived risk was confirmed.

Accountants with specialized knowledge and skills influence information transparency and economic development of society. Aim of this study is to present accounting literacy model with grounded theory method. Statistical population of study consisted of professional experts who are members of association of certified public accountants in Iran. In order to conduct research interview 13 persons were selected by snowball sampling method. Data collection tools, semi-structured interviews with experts and data analysis method, content analysis using three stages of coding and using Maxquda software have been done. Research results indicate that accounting literacy can differentiate data and information from each other, proper classification of financial and accounting instruments, effective analysis and efficiency of financial information of companies and provide accurate financial statements and transparent, effective use of financial knowledge and market and ultimately the development and improvement of the quality of the profession and also the success of accountants and auditors is effective in this regard.

One of the mechanisms which can direct investors to invest more efficiently to get more returns is the amount of free float. This type of shares is a percentage of the company's capital that is available for trading or can be traded without any restrictions. The difference in the amount of free float in various countries, industries, sectors and companies at different times show the fact that the amount of free float is affected by different factors and variables. This has led many researchers to investigate factors which can lead to find its effective amount. The main concern of analysts is to estimate the theoretical value of stocks and asset prices with a comparable tool such as free float. Of course, from the viewpoint of market participants, the relationship of different levels of free float shares to key measures and tools such as company performance is not yet clear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate stock supercharging by increasing the percentage of free float and its effect on the performance of companies. In this study, 128 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected, which were active in the fiscal years 2009 to 1397. After Panel Data Method with random effects was used for the research regression model, the results indicate a positive and significant effect of free float on the performance of companies.

Despite the impact of companies on society and stakeholders’ expectations, organizations need to respond differently. According to Cameron and Quinn (1998), culture is defined as the core of set values, underlying assumptions, and defined interpretations and approaches in the organization. The context of competitive values is very instrumental in helping to organize and interpret a wide range of organizational phenomena. Four types of dominant hierarchical, market, clan, and adhocracy cultures emerge from these frameworks. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between corporate culture and financial performance as well as social and financial dimensions of social responsibility among listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, questionnaires were distributed to corporate executives, and the data on the corporate culture dimensions (Cameron & Quinn, 2006) as well as social responsibility were collected and the data related to financial performance were extracted from financial statements. Then, the effect of cultural dimensions on financial performance and social responsibility was investigated using collected data and modelling structural equations based on partial least squares. The results of statistical analysis of data collected from 73 companies suggested that the adhocracy and market dimensions of corporate culture have the most effect on social responsibility and financial performance of companies. Moreover, hierarchical culture had a positive and significant effect on the social responsibility of companies.

In the comprehensive earnings management model, the financial accounting primarily aims at providing useful information for investors to predict the performance of the economic entity. Because of assessing the current economic performance, predicting the future profitability, and determining company value, understanding earnings management is important for users of financial statements. Critical thinking in accounting can be expressed in the emergence of qualitative characteristics of accounting information, namely, impartiality, objectivity, and honest expression existing within the conceptual framework of financial reporting in most countries. Eventually, critical thinking is a rational reasoning of what people believe and what they do. In the comprehensive earnings management model, the financial accounting primarily aims at providing useful information for investors to predict the performance of the economic entity. Because of assessing the current economic performance, predicting the future profitability, and determining company value, understanding earnings management is important for users of financial statements. Critical thinking in accounting can be expressed in the emergence of qualitative characteristics of accounting information, namely, impartiality, objectivity, and honest expression existing within the conceptual framework of financial reporting in most countries. Eventually, critical thinking is a rational reasoning of what people believe and what they do.