پژوهشنامه متون ادبی دوره عراقی
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

The discussion of the law of causality is one of the oldest human issues, causality is a kind of relationship between cause and effect. Aristotle has divided the cause into four causes. One of them is the causal cause, which whenever the sages and theologians talk about the cause in the discussion of the law of causality, they mean the causal cause. In Masnavi, Rumi has used cause and effect instead of cause and cause instead of effect. Rumi sometimes uses the term effect instead of effect and the term tradition instead of habit. The Ash'arites reject the law of causality and believe in Aadatollah instead. Some have considered Rumi a Ash'arite and therefore called him a denier of the principle of causality, while Rumi does not deny the law of causality; Rather, while he calls the world the world of causes, he considers the set of apparent and hidden causes in the possession of the causal cause, which acts as it wishes. Rumi considers the Qur'an, the prophets, special servants, and Shams as possessing causes that have the power to destroy causes. At times, he considers himself a sophist and sometimes to some extent approaches the Shiite thought "Amr Bayn Al-Amrin" and sometimes to the Mu'tazilite method; Of course, not explicitly and simply in the discussion of the law of causation, Rumi does not simply fit into these boundaries. Several reasons have been stated that show Rumi's belief in the law of causation.

Magical Realism is an artistic attitude toward narration (story) and an unusual action in a perfect realistic area which seems reliable, logical and reasonable in mental, doctrinal and common beliefs Latin America was known as the origin of magic realism and its approach, but it wasn't exclusively restricted to this area(Latin America) and some cases being appropriate to suggested measures of this literary and reflective school in Persian valuable literature in general and particularly in mystic literature have been created, so some critics know the eastern literature as its main origin. This research has-in a descriptive-analytical approach examined magical realism qualities such as illogical events, collapsing down the borders between reality and imagination, hyperbole (exaggeration), wonder, time downfall, political background, bidimensional, dream, legend, fantasy, myth and optional silence in order to state if this mystical text is in accordance to the features of the mentioned school or not .This study has also pointed out how Hojviri has recalled such unreal and fantastic features in a story with a pretty realistic background. He has presented an exquisite evoking of his own abstract and occult thoughts in the guise of real and tangible ones so that the paradoxical solidarity in Kashf-ol mahjoob will be the result of weird actions and unreasonable events in a real setting in order that both believers in these actions and incredulous readers will accept it as the result of its writers' artistic consequences.

The history of Jahangisha Jovini has been distinguished from other historical writings due to the language and manner of expression expressed to the author. The author intends to report on the conquests and conquests of the Mongol army, but in the text and the heart of the work of stories and narrations can be seen in which many of the features of the structure of the stories can be narrated in a narrative manner and with details . witnessed. "Mentioning the departure of Tarabi" is one of the short narrations in the history of Jahangisha Jovini and has the structural features of the narrative and the story such as the initial situation, the middle situation and the final situation. It also seems that the author has tried to bring the audience with him by using special types of narration and has had a great influence on his acceptance of events. And have a great impact on his acceptance of events. In this research, we have analyzed the narrative of "Tarabi" story and in this regard, we have used the theory of "Jep Lint Volt", a French critic. What was obtained at the end of this study shows that "mentioning Tarabi's departure" is a complete narration and corresponds to the type of Volt narration. Although Jovini is a historian, in this part of his history, in the role of a narrator, using an external point of view and omniscient, he has been able to narrate a story with all the coordinates of a story and has been able to create the space of story and narration with Draw a narrative appropriate to the events and in a combination (sometimes identical and sometimes dissimilar) for the reader and take him with him.

Persian language has long had a great impact on Ottoman language and literature and was once the main language of this region and many Ottoman thinkers have researched and followed important Persian texts and have written many commentaries on important texts of Persian literature; Among them, we can mention the commentary on Soodi on Hafiz's Divan and the commentary on Anqravi on Rumi's Masnavi. Since the description of the text is also a kind of critique of the text and the common description in the past and among Muslims, it focuses more on word and content, the aim of this article is to describe the Turkish commentators and their view of prominent texts such as Hafiz's Divan. Masnavi and seeks to answer the question of what cultural, social and political contexts have influenced the description of these thinkers and what are the signs of social, historical... critique in the method of library study, filing method and data analysis. Can their details be seen? It seems that although most of these explanations are word descriptions, they are different from the view of traditional commentators, and we see traces of attention to the history and society of the poet's time in these explanations. Paying attention to the typography and examining the correctness of the attribution of a verse or poem to the poets in question, mystical interpretations, paying attention to the life of the poet and individuals in the description of the text, are important features of these explanations.

Majd Khawafi, a poet and mystic of the eighth century, has registered his name among Saadi's followers by creating Rawkhald. Examining the structure of the anecdotes of this work and the elements of the story such as the character allows us to find the methods used in re-writing and compare it with his goals and ideas. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, while examining the text of Rozkhald's anecdotes, to classify the characters in terms of types in different groups, such as: typical, conventional, stereotypical, allegorical, symbolic, historical, and in terms of personality changes in two static groups. And Pouya examines and shows that the anecdotes of Rozkhald are short and concise and there is no opportunity to pay attention to the character in it. But because many of the characters are created by Majd Khafafi's mind and formed from the heart of the society of his time, it is quite familiar and tangible, and the author's payment in choosing them in conveying the theme and theme of the story is completely the same, despite the weakness in characterization. They play an important role in conveying the message of the story.

Persian language has long had a great impact on Ottoman language and literature and was once the main language of this region and many Ottoman thinkers have researched and followed important Persian texts and have written many commentaries on important texts of Persian literature; Among them, we can mention the commentary on Soodi on Hafiz's Divan and the commentary on Anqravi on Rumi's Masnavi. Since the description of the text is also a kind of critique of the text and the common description in the past and among Muslims, it focuses more on word and content, the aim of this article is to describe the Turkish commentators and their view of prominent texts such as Hafiz's Divan. Masnavi and seeks to answer the question of what cultural, social and political contexts have influenced the description of these thinkers and what are the signs of social, historical... critique in the method of library study, filing method and data analysis. Can their details be seen? It seems that although most of these explanations are word descriptions, they are different from the view of traditional commentators, and we see traces of attention to the history and society of the poet's time in these explanations. Paying attention to the typography and examining the correctness of the attribution of a verse or poem to the poets in question, mystical interpretations, paying attention to the life of the poet and individuals in the description of the text, are important features of these explanations.