نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1401)

In the last two decades, exporting as a vital business activity in the national economy has grown rapidly and the trend of globalization of markets has increased the fundamental importance of understanding the behavior and performance of companies in export markets. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of external social capital on export performance considering the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. This applied research has been done by survey method. Research population included top and export managers of export companies of Isfahan province which were selected as top export companies in 2016 and 2017. The statistical population was limited, so all of the population members were studied. Data have been collected via a questionnaire and analyzed through structural equation modeling conducted by Smart PLS3. Results indicate external social capital positively influences export performance and dynamic capabilities including export market exploration and exploitation, research and development, export entrepreneurial orientation and manufacturing flexibility. Moreover, export market exploration and export entrepreneurial orientation positively influence export performance. Unexpectedly, export market exploitation negatively affects export performance. The effects of research and development and manufacturing flexibility capabilities on export performance are not supported.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the level of fair perception of products in both domestic and foreign brands among the levels of voluntary payment / under equal information / in conditions of abuse / due to increased production costs / equal access to goods. Also, we examine the significant difference in fair perception resulting from increased prices of products (car tires, TVs, toothpaste, chocolate, leather bags and sunscreen) between domestic and foreign brands. The final goal of this study was to investigate the effect of demographic variables (income, gender, occupation) as moderating variables. Present study is a descriptive-survey research method, and in terms of purpose, is a developmental-applied research. . The experimental design used in this study is a 2 × 6 factor design with 12 different scenarios. The factors of this this design included two variables: product type (car tire / TV / leather bag / sunscreen / toothpaste / chocolate) and brand type (internal / external). And, this research was done using questionnaire. It was distributed to consumers living in Tehran. The results of 482 data collected show that Iranian consumers consider the price increase of products to be fair if the price is determined based on the costs of production.

Nowadays, in keeping with the recent marketing developments, the significance of information technology and digital tools and the primary issue of marketers in a way to select the right strategy to go into and formulate strategies to enter international markets based on digital tools, particularly cloud computing, is not hidden. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and indicators of digital business strategy (DBS) for entry to international markets based on the cloud computing paradigm. The method of the present study is descriptive-exploratory. First, by reviewing the researches, a questionnaire of the identified criteria based on the documentary content analysis methodology was provided to the experts. After identifying the dimensions and indicators of the research, the research model received the opinion of 15 experts (experts in the field of digital, marketing and cloud computing) exploitation multi-criteria decision-making techniques including Step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and gray Aras method were weighted and prioritized. Findings obtained from both methods indicate that the scope of DBS - digital architecture, DBS Resources - digital architecture, the scope of DBS - digital business model, DBS Resources - Digital Business Model and Speed of DBS - Business Dynamics were the first to fifth priorities, respectively. Based on the calculated weights, the most important dimension of DBS is digital architecture, then business dynamics, digital business model and information management.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of institutional support on export performance by considering the variables of market turmoil and innovation orientation. This research has been done with a quantitative approach and using a survey technique. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Market turmoil was measured based on three indicators of change in customer demand, change in customer needs and change in customer preferences and institutional support based on two indicators of marketing support and financial support. The statistical sample consists of 169 managers of small and medium companies active exporters in Mazandaran province who were selected using simple random sampling method. The validity of the questionnaires was evaluated based on the validity of constructive, diagnostic, convergent and divergent and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software. Based on the results of the test of research hypotheses, marketing support has an effect on export performance and innovation orientation. Financial support influences the direction of innovation. However, the impact of financial support on export performance was not confirmed. Innovation orientation affects export performance. According to the results, the adjustment of market turbulence in the relationship between innovation orientation and export performance has increased the effect of innovation orientation on export performance. Also, marketing support has an effect on export performance by considering the variable of innovation orientation, but the indirect effect of financial support on export performance through the variable of innovation orientation is not significant.

Although the multi-criteria decision analysis method has been used in various business areas, nevertheless, it has received less attention in the field of tourism. The main goal of this paper, according resource-based comparative advantages approach, evaluation and prioritize tourism potential regions using competitiveness models and done by Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis method. Another goal of this study is specification of comparative importance of attributes that are determinative to identify comparative advantages, not necessarily competitive, of tourism regions for development and investment. Fifteen experts from West Azarbayjan participated in this study. 5 Criterion and 15 sub- Criterion, according literature review and expert viewpoints, are used as a main attributes of this study. Findings revealed that Mhabad Lake well-evaluated according of this study attributes, and physical and environmental attributes include the climatic conditions, landscape and ecology, and the socio-cultural attributes include the history, politics, art, economic activities, ways of life, monuments, individual buildings and built environment was the upmost rank among other criterions. At the end The AHP model was shown to be a reliable tool to evaluate destination competitiveness. Theoretical and managerial implications and future research suggestions are discussed.

Technology-based companies have a good capacity to enter foreign markets due to their technological advantages. The purpose of this study is to provide a decision-making method to prioritize foreign entry modes. Therefore, the research method is a combination of qualitative approach in criteria identification and quantitative approach in prioritizing criteria and entry modes. Frist, by reviewing the research background, influential components on entry mode choice have been identified, including internal factors (organization and its products), and external factors (internal market and foreign market). Then, using the best-worst method the effective criteria for entering foreign markets are ranked. The results show that “product differentiation” and “networking” are the most important ones for these firms. the experts’ view. This is in line with the technological advantage of these companies and on the other hand the limited resources of small and medium companies for foreign investment. Second, from the perspective of a technology-based company with extensive international activities in the field of advanced machinery, entry modes are prioritized using TOPSIS. The results showed that the first choice is the establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary. Actually for the company that has gone through the early stages of internationalization, this method is preferred, both for providing protection of the company's proprietary technology, provides the basis for exports to neighboring countries; also it can indicate that export restrictions from the origin of Iran, increases the orientation of firms towards more risky entry methods.

The complexity of financial instruments and markets makes it difficult for investors to decide on the type of asset, so that investors are always faced with the problem of optimizing the set of assets in their decisions. Therefore, choosing the right investment portfolio in order to maximize profits is one of the main concerns of investors. With this statement, the purpose of this article is to compare the explanation and performance of the optimization problem and the predictive power of ARMA-historical simulation models and ARFIMA-Monte Carlo (one of the most established models in the world) in fund portfolio optimization ‌ is a joint venture. The statistical and sample population included data from selected funds traded on the stock exchange of selected member countries of the Federation of Asian and European Stock Exchanges (FEAS) between 2013 and 2019. The results showed that the ARIMA-value at risk (historical simulation) model has a higher efficiency boundary compared to the ARIMA-value at risk (Monte Carlo simulation). It also incorporates the Pareto frontier drawn by the PESA-II algorithm for the other model. To determine the significance of this difference, the performance of the Mann-Whitney test has been investigated. The results indicate that the ARIMA-value-at-risk-optimal portfolio Sharp criterion is better than the ARIMA-value-at-risk (historical simulation) criterion.

The promotion and prosperity of medical tourism requires the activation of entrepreneurial measures in terms of identifying opportunities in the field of medical tourism. For the growth and development of this industry in the country, it is necessary to identify and study the elements related to identifying opportunities in the field of tourism; Therefore, the aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the main themes of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of medical tourism. This research has been done using a qualitative method. It is a development-applied research that has been done by field method. Semi-structured interview tools were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Fifteen entrepreneurs and experts in the field of medical tourism were selected for interview using purposive and snowball sampling methods. After analyzing the data, 44 basic themes were identified in the form of 5 organizing themes. Organizing themes include typology of opportunity, business environment, technology, individual factors and environmental factors and the network of themes was presented based on the findings.

A customer churn is a person who is on the verge of leaving our services and using the services of competitors. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of barriers to customer churn on Service recovery strategies in the banking industry. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive of survey type. The statistical population of the present study is the customers, managers, and deputies of private banks in Khoy city. The number of members of the study community was 35 banks and 378 customers. Using Cochran's formula and available sampling method, the number of samples was estimated to be at least 147 customers and 71 managers. It is worth noting that the questionnaire was used to collect data and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the research data using Amos software. Findings of the present study show that barriers to customer churn have a significant effect on Service recovery strategies. Also, customer attitudes, customer time, physical factors, decision-making power, bank credit, progress, compensation for customer service, bureaucracy, the return of bank errors, management factors, and employee dissatisfaction with the bank have a significant impact on Service recovery strategies.