نشریه تحلیل مالی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1400)

Appropriate internal audit features can ensure the quality of the company by helping the management of companies to improve the establishment of the internal control system. In this regard, the establishment of a useful internal control system based on the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, Reliability of reporting and compliance with applicable rules and regulations, it can help the management to achieve organizational goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of internal audit with the effectiveness of internal control over operations and compliance with laws and regulations in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. With selecting 128 firms for the period between 2012 and 2019, and rinning the Logistic regressions, the results show a significant and negative relationship between the characteristics of the internal auditor and the weaknesses of internal control in cases of defects in operations and compliance (noncompliance with rules and regulations). It also indicates a significant and direct (positive) relationship with the effectiveness of the internal control system in companies listed on the stock exchange.

The high volume of free cash flow in a business unit can intensify the conflict and mismatch between the interests of managers and shareholders and, consequently, increase the problems of representation between managers and shareholders. Therefore, increasing free cash flows and the consequent tendency of managers to make inefficient use of available resources can increase agency problems, which referred to as free cash flow agency costs. On the other hand, the need for conservative reporting allows the losses from over-investment to identify sooner. Hence, the level of conditional conservatism will increase with increasing representation costs due to free cash flows. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the representation costs of free cash flows (surplus or surplus cash) and conditional conservatism in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results of  tests on 140 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013 to 2018 indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between additional cash (free cash flow representation costs) and conditional conservatism. In fact, the results showed that the costs of free cash flow representation have a positive effect on conditional conservatism.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibilities on the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research period is from 2011 to 2014. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between short-term debt ratio, long-term debt ratio and total debt ratio with equity rate of return, asset rate of return and net profit margin. We also found that corporate social responsibility has a significat impact on the relationship between short-term debt ratios and financial performance. Corporate social responsibility has also influenced the relationship between long-term (total) debt ratios and financial performance.

In recent years, due to climate change and environmental damage, including natural resource depletion and environmental pollution, the issue of green accounting has received increasing attention from governments and academics, In this regard, many countries around the world, create some requirements to disclose environmental information. Also, paying attention to the company’s sustainability issues and related investments has a significant impact on the its activities, so that more than 68% of investors and 63% of securities issuers stated that paying attention to the company’s sustainability issues is more important than traditional financial issues. The results of this research has examined the relationship between environmental information disclosure and financial performance where they are varied and sometimes even contradictory. Our findings show that one group of studies showed a positive relationship between the disclosure of environmental information and the financial performance and another group showed the negative relationship between them. Research also shows that there is no relationship between disclosure and performance. On the other hand, several studies have examined the inconsistent relationship between the disclosure of environmental information and the financial performance and it depends on some moderating and mediating variables.