نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 72 (تابستان 1400)

The main issue of this research is to identify the intellectual, cultural and political depths of the book of Asar Al-Wozarah's works, written by "Sif-aldin Haji-'bn Nezam Aghili" as one of the examples of Persian ministry writing in the Timurid period, by analyzing the light layers of this text. The results of this research, which was done by combined research method (analytical-descriptive-argumentative), are as follows: In the linguistic layer, the presence of high-frequency moral codes, lack of indexes and more use of sensory words make the text the main goal of ministry writing. The descriptions of the ministers and their works and the mention of details on the subject of bureaucracy have been omitted; In the syntactic layer, more use of the news aspect, simple sentences and short sentences have added to the certainty, clarity and speed of the narration in the text; In the rhetorical layer, the author has not made significant use of rhetorical tools; At the pragmatic level, expressive / declarative action takes place in the first place and persuasive action in the next stage, and shows how the author has used these two actions to recognize the values ​​that govern his value (moral / ideal) views. Aqili's main purpose in processing this text, rather than compiling a historical / political text with the coordinates of the Ministry  is to write an educational and ethical work with an approach. Encouraging moral virtues has been by emphasizing the instability of the world and reflecting human actions in his destiny by relying on the concepts of justice and resurrection.

In this article, "contemporary" has been studied as a "concept" by the first historians of Persian literature, i.e. biographers. I have tried to describe this concept in exactly the same way that the Persian biographers has experienced and known it. First, there is an introductory discussion of the lexical roots of "contemporary" and then its current meanings and interpretations of contemporary. These studies show the extent to which perceptions of the contemporary depend on cultural and social conditions. After that, the meanings of "contemporary" are discussed by biographers. The meanings are contemporaneity, novelty and being in the same level. It has been shown that for biographers, these perceptions are fluid and the reasons for their fluidity have been investigated. The fluidity of these perceptions has led biographers to use restrictive criteria. This has been used so that they can do their job in writing about their contemporaries with more precise limits, and reduce the fluidity of the contemporary concept.

Majalis al-Nafais is a biography in Turkish that was translated into Persian five times after its publication. Most subsequen bioghrafies are influenced by its style. As far as possible, the tradition of writing biography in Iran can be divided into two periods before and after Majalis al-Nafais. The main question of the article is formed at this point: What is the distinguishing feature of this biography? The answer must be found in the structural features of the work. To find the answer, after a brief review of the author's personality dimensions, we analyze the effect structurally and then explore the discourse order of the world outside and inside the text To show what is the discourse basis of this different structure. Examining the methods and techniques of classifying poets, the method of introducing figures and the problem of criticizing poetry and poets are the other three central issues with the help of which we explain the methodological pillars of Majlis al-Nafais. The structure of this biography has a direct or indirect effect on the Persian biography tradition of the tenth to fourteenth centuries in different ways.

Shahnameh is the most prominent epic work of Persian language and literature and one of the literary masterpieces of Iran and the world. Correction, description, critique and analysis of Shahnameh is one of the fields of study of Persian language and literature researchers. There have been many and valuable efforts in the field of correction of the Shahnameh text and its description. According to the Shahnameh researchers, the correction of the Shahnameh by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh, along with the precise recording of other manuscripts in the footnote, is a complete and perfect correction in this filed. In addition to this correction, Shahnameh's photographic prints, scholars' access to other corrections of the Shahnameh, as well as commentaries on the Shahnameh are very helpful in opening up some difficulties. In the light of the foregoing efforts of the Shahnameh researchers, in this study i will indicate the suggestion to record and to give a meaning of the verse from the story of Forud based on San. Joseph's version, which he did not have this verse at the time of correcting and describing the Shahnameh. The author will attempt to review the correctors and commentators opinion about the so called verse and also by referring to manuscripts text, in-text evidences of the Shahnameh, out-text evidences of contemporary and near-Shahnameh texts and the sequence of verses in the context of the story propose their suggestion based on manuscripts and consequently the meaning and sense of the verse with the help of recordings and obtained evidences.

This article is based on a plan that introduces a roadmap for achieving stylististics. The start point of this map is human perception. This path goes through perception by senses to the next point called interpretation. The study of interpretation based on science features continues in the same direction to reach the next point, namely criticism. Comparing the critique and identifying the commonalities and differences of studies recognized as criticism completes this path and finishes it to the destination point of this map, called stylistics. This article is a about this roadmap.

The fall of Baghdad and the destruction of the Abbasid caliphate by Hulagu Khan provided a fertile ground for Iran's independence and the re-emergence of Iranshahri political thought. Changizi Shahnameh, Mostufi’s Zafarnameh and Tabrizi’s Shahanshahnameh are the most important historical epics composed in the court of the Ilkhanate. The main purpose of this study is to examine the approach of the poets of these historical poems to the event of the conquest of Baghdad and how this event and the historical figures were described in these works to determine the extent to which the poets had an Iranian or religious view in interpreting this event. Examination of this poems shows that despite the similarity of the narrative, two different approaches are seen in these works: Kashani and Tabrizi have a more triumphant and Iranian-oriented approach to this event. Instead of considering the annihilation of the Abbasids as a historical tragedy, they consider it a fateful and natural thing in order to fulfill the Iranians' long-held desire for independence. Mostufi has a religious view of the conquest of Baghdad and has repeatedly expressed his grief and sorrow over the fall of the Abbasids. Of course, all three poets in the narration of the conquest of Baghdad paid attention to the political thought of Iranshahri and tried to introduce Hulagu Khan as a king in the thought of Iranshahri by attributing the outstanding attributes of the ideal Iranian king to him. On the other hand, by highlighting traits such as irrationality and stinginess in the Abbasid caliph, they show that he is not worthy of ruling.