نشریه عصب روانشناسی بالینی ورزشی
سال یکم شماره 1 (پاییز 1400)

Sport and exercise psychology is one of the major subfields of psychology.  It concentrates on the application and development of psychological theories and practices. It helps to understand and enhance human behavior in sport and exercise settings. Clinical sport psychology is a subset of clinical psychology that focuses on people in sports. Neuropsychology is a branch of science that studies the physiological processes of the nervous system and its associations with behaviors, cognitions, and emotions in individuals with normal and abnormal functioning and related disorders to brain injury. This study aimed to introduce and review clinical sports neuropsychology (CSNP) and related scopes in past, present, and future studies.

This study is a review study.

Accordingly, we mentioned the past and present CSNP studies. We have also provided guidelines for future studies.

The CSNP is a combination of clinical sports psychology, and sport neuropsychology is a growing field in the broad field of psychology that has recently provided many studies.

 Death anxiety is a unique human problem and an important therapeutic issue. Even at the subconscious level, death anxiety can significantly affect the scope of daily life and performance. This study aimed to predict death anxiety in athlete nurses based on personality traits (five personality factors) and professional ethics.

The population of this study was athlete nurses working in hospitals (Milad, Modares, Erfan, and Sevom Shaban Damavand) who were working between September 2020 to January 2021. Statistical sample: For this purpose, in a correlational study, 250 hospital staff were selected by convenience sampling and evaluated in terms of death anxiety, personality traits, and professional ethics. Participants completed Death Anxiety Questionnaire (Templer, 1970), Neo Personality Dimensions Questionnaire (McCrae and Costa, 1992), and Professional Ethics (Cañizales Vargas, 2002). The Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The results show there were positive relationships between death anxiety, neuroticism, and responsibility. The results also indicate negative relationships between extraversion, flexibility, and compassion. There was also a negative relationship between professional ethics and death anxiety, and no significant difference has been found between death anxiety and hospital athlete nurses. The results showed that personality traits and professional ethics in total, in cooperation with other variables could predict death anxiety. Finally, the results indicate there are some significant differences between nurses with and without physical activity.

According to the results, familiarity with the concepts of professional value and cognitive skills, emotional, and behavior can affect the athlete nurses' performance and mental health. It is also necessary to encourage nurses to exercise during the pandemic of coronavirus disease-19.

 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an ordinary behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Neurofeedback Training (NFT) is one of the new methods to treat and improve this disorder. NFT is an educational and neuropsychological treatment method. The NFT intends to enable people to change their cortical activities by using obtained data from visual or otic feedback of electroencephalographic recorded information of their brain-wave features. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of NFT in increasing the attention and concentration of children with ADHD.

 The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study includes children with ADHD in Tehran. The sample of this study includes 20 children with ADHD who were selected from Tehran schools by purposive sampling. The NFT was performed in a protocol with 20  individual sessions. The attention and concentration of participants were measured by the D2 Test (2005). Data were analyzed using paired t-test using SPSS-21 software.

 The results of the dependent T-test showed that the effect of neurofeedback intervention on the participants of the experimental group was significant for the variable of attention and concentration (p <0.05). It means that the participants' attention and concentration scores have increased.

 Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that NFT is an effective method to increase the attention and concentration of children with ADHD. Therapists can use this method to improve the attention and concentration in children with NFT.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychological disorder in childhood. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on integrated visual-auditory (IVA) attention.

 This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population included children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Karaj. The research sample was selected by the convenience-purposive sampling method. Participants included 34 male primary school students with ADHD referred to psychiatric clinics in Karaj. These participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The groups were assessed by the IVA test in pretest and posttest. The experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive rehabilitation with a researcher-developed protocol. Data were analyzed in SPSS-22 software by analysis of covariance method.

 The results of covariance analysis indicated that the cognitive rehabilitation method was effective (p <0.05) in improving IVA attention in primary school students with ADHD.

 Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation is an effective method for reducing integrated visual-auditory attention of primary school students with ADHD.

 Social vitality is one of the basic pillars of any society and the achievement of the mutation and development of a society depends on the social vitality of the members of that society, which itself is affected by many factors. Public Sports ‌, feelings of social security, and cultural values ​​are among these factors; Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between social vitality and public sports, feelings of social security, and cultural values ​​in the Iranian sample.

 To investigate the purpose of the research, from all the people who participated in the research through online invitation, 230 people were selected as a sample voluntarily. Research instruments included the Social Vitality Questionnaire, Sense of Social Security, Cultural Values, ​​and Public Sports. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

 Findings showed that social vitality in the Iranian sample has a positive and significant relationship with public sports, the sense of social security, cultural collectivism, and cultural individualism. The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that social security, cultural collectivism, cultural individualism, and public sports In order of importance were able to predict 0.75 of changes in social vitality in the Iranian sample.

 Therefore, the authorities can increase people's social vitality by increasing social security along with the application of incentive policies to increase public sports and strengthen cultural values ​​in the general public, and thus achieve a leap and development of society.

 Some studies have shown that there are differences between boys and girls in the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation on impulse control and behavioral difficulty of students with ADHD and compare it in girls and boys.

 This research is a quasi-experimental study. Participants were 24 students with ADHD (12 boys and 12 girls) studying in the sixth to ninth grades during 2018-19 at schools located in the District 7th of Tehran, Iran. They were selected by purposive sampling method based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data instrument was the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) completed at pretest and posttest. The experimental group received computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation for 10 weeks (20 sessions, two sessions per week, each for 30 minutes). Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANCOVA and t-test in SPSS-26 software.

 Findings indicated that the impulse control and behavioral difficulty were significantly reduced in students with ADHD (P<0.05). Also, the rate of improvement was higher in boys than girls (p<0.05).

 Based on these findings, we conclude that computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation can improve impulse control and behavioral difficulties in children with ADHD, especially in boys.

Aggression is one of the most important issues in athletes and students. The aim of this study was to compare the sports aggression styles of student-athletes and students with physical activity.

This research is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study was the students of Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch in the academic year 2020-2021. For this purpose, a sample of 170 people (64 boys and 106 girls) were selected by available sampling and completed the sports aggression styles questionnaire online (Alavizadeh et al., 2020). Data analysis was performed using the t-test and analysis of variance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of different styles between male and female students (p <0.05) and athletes and non-athletes (p <0.05).

Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the aggression of athletes and non-athletes.

 Social anxiety disorder, also called social anxiety, is a severe fear in social and interpersonal situations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of transactional analysis group therapy on decreasing Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms.

this study is a true experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group method. 21 clients who were referring to one counseling and psychological services center in Karaj were chosen based on screening method. In addition, they were randomly assigned into two same groups: control group (10participants), Transactional analysis based group therapy experimental group (11 participants). The participants completed Social Phobia Inventory in pretest and post test levels. The intervention methods were Transactional Analysis based group therapy that was administrated during 7 weekly 60-90 minutes sessions. Mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis in the descriptive level and ANCOVA method was used at the inference level.

The results of the study show that Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in experimental groups were significantly increased.

The finding of this research suggests that transactional analysis group therapy could be a successful intervention for decreasing Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms.