نشریه جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری
پیاپی 19 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Considering the main goals of passive design in different climatic zones and predicting the items that would facilitate acquiring these goals may provide effective solutions for design-related challenges, such as the new housing programs, and the revitalization and reconstruction of deteriorated houses; furthermore, it may also encourage the use of renewable resources and energy-saving features for an optimum environmental adaptation, and eventually create a distinct architectural identity for each climate zone and provide for the welfare and human comfort in buildings.

To achieve the research objective, which is the bioclimatic welfare assessment in the new houses of Abadeh, an analytical-descriptive method was used. As such, the monthly data (1984–2013) of Abadeh synoptic station was analyzed. Subsequently, to determine the range of new housing thermal comfort following the experimental Mahoney bioclimatic construction indexes method, 170 building units and their adaptation to the bioclimatic conditions were selected by the Cochran sampling technique.

The results of this study indicate that since the temperature range of the months   between Mehr and Ordibehesht (approximately, Oct-May) is in the drought index group (A3), and therefore, this environment has cold climate conditions, the optimum architectural orientation is the southeast—southwest direction. Moreover, the permanent thermal oscillation between day and night in all months of the year, being more than 10◦c with a relative humidity of group (A1) drought index, suggests an average area of 10–20 percent of the wall’s surface for the preferable opening size. However, during the month of Tir (July), due to the hot days and moderate nights and the thermal oscillation above 10◦c, it is advised to consider an open sleeping space in the exterior.

The analysis of new residential architecture in Abadeh revealed a dominant northern-southern orientation, low value of wall thickness, inconsistent window size with the wall’s surface area, and diminished presence of architectural elements (such as the courtyard, porch, balcony, pond, and garden) in these buildings. These factors may lead to a maladaptive architecture to the regional climates, thus the loss of human comfort in most times of the year for the building inhabitants.

The phenomenon of vandalism destroys urban equipment, public property and buildings, or citizens and urban landscapes. This research pursues three goals; that include: analysis of the extent and severity of vandalism in the city of Jiroft, analysis of the spatial distribution of vandalism and explanation of factors associated with vandalism.

This is an applied, descriptive-analytical, survey study with a sample size of 383 citizens aged 15 years and older in Jiroft. Which data was collected through two-stage random sampling and a research made questionnaire with 7 Likert options. Also, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, test, and cross-tabulated analytical models have been used.

Based on the non-parametric "test" model, the prevalence and severity of vandalism in Jiroft is moderate. However, the spatial distribution of vandalism in the neighborhoods of Jiroft, based on the results of nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis model, is very heterogeneous and has very significant differences. Meanwhile, the supplementary test "Middle-Kruskal-Wallis test" revealed that the rate and severity of vandalism in the five districts of Jiroft, by the independent variable "social, economic and physical-spatial status" in each of the five areas can be It is prediction and explanation.

First, the prevalence of vandalism in Jiroft based on citizens' judgments is moderate (not severe). But the spatial distribution of the phenomenon of vandalism at the five district is significantly different. The results showed; in the five districts of Jiroft, the highest prevalence of vandalism is in the calroud area and then in the Behjerd area. The lowest incidence of vandalism is seen in Beheshti and then Raja'i district, although Golbahar districts was moderate. Subsequent tests showed that the status of social (components of education and health), economic (components of employment and economy) and physical-spatial (components of services and facilities and urban equipment) in each of the five areas of Jiroft, predicting the rate and severity of occurrence Vandalism is in these districts.

Urban spaces have a great impact on the public health of citizens. Almost research on the relationship between the urban physical environment and citizens 'health has relied solely on assessing citizens' perceptions of the urban environment. In this article, the relationship between the general health quality (GHQ) of citizens' and the measured physical environment aspects of the city has been investigated.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is field method in terms of nature and  method. For this purpose, after literature reviewing, in the first stage, the sample size was determined using Cochran's random method and in the second stage, using hierarchical cluster sampling method and georeference questionnaire technique, survey data of GHQ from 384 citizens of Kerman were Collected in 2019. Also, with the formation of the statistical block of the general population-housing census in 2016 in the GIS, the characteristics of the physical environment of Kerman, including; The variables of residential density(RD), ground commercial density(GCD), street conecection density(SCD) and green space density(GSD) and land use mixing ratio(LUMR) and walk-ability index were calculated. Finally, the partial correlation values of Kerman urban form variables with the values of general health quality index were estimated and analyzed.

Partial correlation between GHQ values had a significant positive relationship with age and gender and a significant negative relationship with education. Also, the values of GHQ index had a significant negative relationship with the values of urban physical environment indexes. Spatially, the green space density showed a completely significant correlation with GHQ index.

The present study demonstrates the hypothesis that the design of an urban environment is significantly related to the GHQ of citizens. The results emphasize that increasing the density of local ground commercial space, land use mixing ratio, more roads connectivity by increasing the walk-ability index and especially the development of green space are among the interventions that can improve the GHQ.

Understanding the attitude of the local community in relation to tourism development is an important step in the development of sustainable tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the attitude of the local community on tourism development in order to plan properly for the future. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the residents’ attitudes of the Naqsh-e Jahan neighborhood in Isfahan towards tourism.

Descriptive-analytical method was used and information was collected with questionnaire and interview technique. Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, also qualitative research method.

The results indicated that local residents welcome the tourism development. Because the tourism development leads to the improvement of economic, social and physical conditions in the neighborhood. But locals are skeptical of some aspects of tourism development, such as crime, and believe that tourism development could lead to some anomalies. Also, based on the analysis of the interview, 28 strategies in 7 categories to increase satisfaction by the local community were obtained, including job capacity development, capital attraction, participatory planning, strengthening the interaction of the host and guest community, culture building, strengthening urban security and strengthening neighborhood infrastructure.

The spread of tourism benefits to the whole neighborhood will not only create satisfaction in the local community for tourism, but also with hospitality and providing better services to the guest community will play an effective role in the ultimate satisfaction of tourists.

The trend of urbanization in developing countries has been faced with spatial imbalances, polarization of regions and social groups, and unstable urban growth. As the instability caused by this uneven growth has led to the formation of areas of poverty in urban areas. Spatial analysis of these areas determines the extent of deprivation in different areas and prioritizes measures to improve living standards. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the existing inequalities and show the pattern of poverty in Ardabil urban blocks with emphasis on social indicators during the years 2006 to 2016 and also to investigate the factors affecting the organization of this phenomenon.

The research method is spatial analysis in terms of applied purpose and approach. The statistical population of this research is the legal limits of Ardabil in 2006 and 2016 and the sample size is all the statistical blocks of the mentioned years. In order to collect research data, the information available in the statistical blocks of 2006 and 2016 in Erbil and a questionnaire of academic elites and city managers have been used. To show the situation of social poverty, spatial autocorrelation technique was used using hot spot analysis in Arc / GIS software and to analyze the pattern of social poverty distribution, Moran statistic was used. To analyze the data of the second part of the research (identifying the factors affecting the expansion and spatial organization of social poverty zones), the structural equation analysis model in AMOS software has been used

Based on the obtained results, out of 5142 urban blocks in Ardabil in 2006, about 53% were in a very deprived and deprived condition, 26% were in a moderate condition and about 21% were in a well-off condition. In 2016, these percentages are 46, 22, 32 among 6439 urban blocks, respectively, and this also shows that Ardabil urban blocks in terms of social indicators in 2016 compared to 2006 they are in a better situation.

Due to the spread of urban poverty in Ardabil over the past decades, empowerment of low-income and poor in the city should be done with a multidimensional perspective (and not just paying attention to the physical dimensions). In this regard, the role of facilitator of the city management system and the realization of bottom-up planning and participatory approach is essential.

One of the most important factors that can affect the loyalty of tourists is the security of the destination. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of security on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz with the mediating role of satisfaction and destination image.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive and survey based on the nature and method. Research data were collected in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is foreign tourists visiting the city of Shiraz in 2019. The sample size was estimated to be equal to 200 tourists according to the Cochran’s formula and a simple random method was used to distribute the questionnaire. Data collected based on descriptive and inferential statistics methods have been analyzed.

The results showed that Security with a coefficient of 0.20 directly and with a coefficient of 0.07 with the mediating role of the destination image and with a coefficient of 0.26 with the mediating role of satisfaction has a positive effect on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz. The overall effect of security on the loyalty of foreign tourists is equal to 0.53.

With the increase in the level of security and the improvement of this factor in the city of Shiraz, we will see an increase in the loyalty of foreign tourists to this city, which will lead to the further prosperity of the tourism industry of this city.

The results of the study explain the significant positive relationship between the components of social capital and the feasibility of regeneration in dysfunctional contexts of Akhtarabad neighborhood of Karaj. Also, the results of the study explain the different levels of influence of social capital components on the feasibility of regeneration in dysfunctional contexts of Akhtarabad neighborhood of Karaj.

The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. A questionnaire method was used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study is the total population of Akhtarabad neighborhood is 13565 and its sample size is 381. To evaluate the role of social capital in the feasibility of urban regeneration, 6 components of social awareness, social trust, social cohesion, social organization, network and social relations and social participation have been used. Smart PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the findings. To investigate the relationship between research variables, a structural model at a significant level and to evaluate the role of social capital components on the feasibility of regeneration in dysfunctional contexts, a structural model at the factor load level has been used.

The findings of the structural model at a significant level show a value of T statistic greater than 2.58 for all effective variables of the research and a significant relationship at the level of 99% between them. The findings of the structural model of the research at the factor load level show that the six components of social cohesion, network and social relations, social participation, social trust, social awareness and social organization, respectively, with a path coefficient of 0.378, 0.376, 0.331, 0.324, 0.234 and 0.198 are effective on the feasibility of urban regeneration in dysfunctional tissues of Akhtarabad neighborhood of Karaj.

The results of the study explain the significant positive relationship between the components of social capital and the feasibility of regeneration in dysfunctional contexts of Akhtarabad neighborhood of Karaj. Also, the results of the study explain the different levels of influence of social capital components on the feasibility of regeneration in dysfunctional contexts of Akhtarabad neighborhood of Karaj.

Today, the perform of the smart city as a famous paradigm in the world in order to get rid of the growing problems and complexities caused by widespread urbanization, is more important than ever Therefore, the present study, in order to use the theory of chaos in the framework of the paradigm of complexity and to understand the current complex conditions of the metropolis of Ahvaz in order to achieve a smart city in this metropolis did research.

The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale; In order to analyze the data, mean statistical tests, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used using SPSS software. The statistical population of the study is experts working in the executive apparatus involved in the urban area of ​​Ahvaz. The statistical sample of this study is 380 samples that were selected by snowball sampling and supervised network.

chaos theory prevails in the metropolis and due to extreme weakness in the self-organizing balance component on the one hand and high power in three chaotic components of nonlinear effect, butterfly effect and unknown fascinates, the rule of chaos theory It is a serious obstacle to the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz.

Therefore, strengthening the power of organization in the metropolis of Ahvaz is of strategic importance.

Today, taking into account the growing urban development and the imbalance in the distribution of land uses, urban land use management is of great importance. Now that all cities are made up of different uses, all these applications should be in accordance with the rules of urban planning and principles. In the major cities of the world, the provision of urban land use plans is essential in order to balance and interact in the development of different parts of the city. How to deal with these urban urban challenges is an important part of spatial development planning. Some of these challenges specify the requirements for making changes to approved programs, especially in relation to land use.

In this regard, the present study aims to reveal the urban land use challenges with an emphasis on inefficient city uses in the eight district of Kerman. For this study, the analytical-deductive research method has been used. The way to collect documentary, library and field information has been. And the GIS are used to analyze the data. The results of this study show that there is a significant percentage of inefficient use in the Kerman area,

the conditions of Kerman's eight urban areas, the major challenges of inefficient land use were identified as follows: occurrence of various types of pollution and potential damage to human health and the environment; In the area, reducing per capita area and lack of access to standard per capita, reduced security and insecurity and some social anomalies, sporadic growth and horizontal development of the city and lack of endogenous development in Kerman.

which, along with the social, physical and environmental challenges There are many capabilities that can be used optimally, such as landscaped, abandoned and abandoned land in these spaces that are very low in terms of compatibility, desirability and dependence, an important part of the need for land is due to population growth In the city over time, with the development of endogenous in the city, the horizontal growth of the city of Kerman That has caused a lot of problems.

Informal settlements face many problems due to lack of proper planning, as they suffer from low service per capita and do not have space to spend their free time. The main purpose of this study is to assess the mental perception of people about the state of living needs and in general the levels of livability in Falahat neighborhood. This neighborhood has poor living conditions due to being marginalized.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature, which has been collected in the form of documents and field surveys. livability criterias in this study include social, economic and physical and environmental. The statistical population of this study is the residents of Falahat neighborhood of Urmia, which according to the health care center statistics in 1397, has a population of 15,000 people. The Cochran's formula was used for sampling and the sample size is 374, which was randomly distributed. Data analysis was performed quantitatively through statistical methods (one-sample t-test and Friedman test). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.732.

Findings show that in the social dimension of the three indicators of medical and health considerations and care, personal and social security and participation and solidarity, in the economic dimension of the index of consumer goods and in the physical and environmental dimensions of the facilities and services of infrastructure, pollution and environmental health, Landscape, green space and wasteland have a moderate level of livability. Also, social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions have the same ranking.

The results of the research show that the livability of Falahat neighborhood in Urmia is at a moderate level according to the three dimensions of social, economic and physical and environmental, which requires the adoption of empowerment strategies.

The development of justice in civil societies and overcoming existing inequalities requires the provision of philosophical foundations and the principles of the realization of the concept of urban justice. Efforts to achieve this goal are made by explaining the thinking course of various philosophers on the subject of justice and how to implement its implementation process. Hence, the new paradigm of urban justice is based on the three dimensions of justice (law, ethics, and civilization) and four basic dimensions (substantive, formal, distributive, and structural). Accordingly, the realization of this paradigm in Farahzad Tehran is evaluated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the urban justice paradigm on decreeing environmental inequalities.

The present research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the research method used. The method of data collection was documentary and field. Also, the statistical population of the study consists of residents, users, experts and city officials.The results were analyzed in SPSS software based on descriptive statistics (qualitative, average, and standard deviation items) and inferential statistics (weighting of Bogardus, one-sample t-test, and Pearson correlation items).

The results of the Bogardus scale data indicate a large social distance and an undesirable level of acceptance among the residents of Farahzad. In addition, the data of one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis in Delphi questionnaire and measuring the application of local paradigm of urban justice in the ratified plan of urban-oriented organizing of Farahzad, show the favorable status of this plan in terms of law and ethics against the unfavorable conditions of socialism dimension, from the viewpoint of experts.

Therefore, The results of the research indicate the existence of deep gaps and shortcomings in the field of realization of various aspects of urban justice in Farahzad area compared to the surrounding areas. On this basis, the existence of a direct relationship between distributive justice and structural justice in the field of urban justice paradigm is shown. These funds will be adopted and monitored in the formal dimension of urban justice and based on interactive policies.

At present, Kermanshah, as the largest Kurdish city in Iran and the center of the province, has failed to realize vibrant urban spaces. Of course, Nobahar Street is one of the few spaces in this city that is considered somewhat lively. The present study aims to analyze the vitality of this street.

This study is analytical-interpretive. At first, vitality indices were extracted from valid researches and were arranged in the form of a questionnaire. The validity of the questions has been confirmed by receiving the opinion of experts and the reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha (0.806). The statistical population includes all citizens of Kermanshah who have visited Nobahar Street for commercial and entertainment. The sample size was based on Cochran's formula of 384 items, which is approximately 400. The sampling method is simple random. Data analysis was performed using factor analysis and linear multivariate regression model.

Findings show that 38 indicators represent the vitality of an urban shopping street that are categorized in 8 factors including "Walkability", "Space to Stay", "Invigorating", "Shopping Convenience", "Accessibility", "Inclusiveness", "Flexibility" and "Memorable". Meanwhile, the two factors of Walkability and Space to Stay have the greatest impact on people's satisfaction with the vitality of a commercial street.

In the case of Nobahar Street, it was observed that although this street has a good vitality, dissatisfaction is evident in two factors: "Accessibility" and "Inclusiveness ". Therefore, strategies in this regard are presented.

The use of collaborative approaches in the level of community to promote environmental health is a fundamental method for solving environmental issuses in metropolises. Ecological citizenship as a new approach to citizen participation in the urban environment plays an critical role in achieving urban environmental health at metropolitan neighborhoods. The main objective of this study is to explain the ecological citizenship approach in promoting the urban environmental health indicators at the local community level in Tehran metropolitan area

Required data were collected in a survey area at the level of 26 neighborhoods in a metropolitan area of Tehran. A sample of 383 questionnaires was determined through the Cochran formula and distributed in a quotient manner to the population over 18 years of age in each neighborhood. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using correlation and regression tests.

The results of the study indicate that the neighborhoods of area 1 have a relatively good status in terms of ecological citizenship and urban environmental health promotion. Also, the results indicate that the indicators of the two variables have a positive correlation. Finally, the regression model shows that the variables of ecological citizenship explain the environmental health promotion variable. Ecological partnership with 0.616, ecological belief with 0.303 and ecological awareness with 0.133 have the highest amount in explanation of urban environmental health promotion variable, which indicates that in order to promote environmental health of urban neighborhoods, this index Special attention should be paid.

The results of the present study show that in order to promote the environmental health of urban areas, special attention should be paid to these indicators.

The concept of social capital has been proposed as a cross-disciplinary concept in social and economic analysis of community development, especially tourism development. Thus, the research was conducted to investigate the role and impact of social capital on tourism development in Kashan.

he present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is 308476 citizens of Kashan. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula to 322 people. Data collection is a combination of descriptive and field information. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 85 variables. The software used is SPSS and AMOS, which are used for t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. The validity of the research instrument has been confirmed by experts and its reliability has been confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.821.

The results of t-test with a significance level of less than 0/05 evaluated the situation of social capital in Kashan as appropriate. The result of using structural equation modeling to identify the most effective factor in explaining social capital among Kashan citizens indicates the highest load The factor is 0/99 for the social awareness index. The most important factors driving tourism development is the comfort index with a regression weight of 0.94. Achieving a correlation coefficient of 0/34 at the 99% confidence level indicates a direct and positive relationship between social capital and tourism development.

Confirming the relationship between improving social capital and tourism development emphasizes the need for planning to build trust in the performance of government employees among local communities and build public trust in social institutions in order to strengthen social capital as a key driver in improving and developing tourism in Kashan.