فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

The medicalization of the current society has created a platform for solving problems through double prescribing, especially in metropolitan areas, so that people prefer to use surgeries beyond its therapeutic aspect. This issue is not only in the field of medicalization of society but also in the field of motivations, causes and even psycho-physical injuries, especially from the perspective of the perception of actors and consumers in this field. Therefore, the present article seeks a phenomenological analysis of the lived experience of medicalization through cosmetic surgery in women in Tehran. This research was carried out by descriptive phenomenological method, through the seven-stage collage method in Tehran metropolis. The sampling in this study was purpose-dependent and was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews up to the level of data saturation with 13 women who underwent cosmetic surgery. Data validation was performed by two coders and in-depth description method. The results of the study on the predisposing conditions of women (including: acceptance of surgical risks, trust in early access, conscious trust in the specialist) predisposing conditions related to the physician (including simplification of surgery by physicians, virtual beauty branding, change in the system of aesthetic meanings, deviant medical orientation To psychological needs) and the results of the operation, which included the positive and negative results of the surgery.

Cyberspace has been create new dynamics and emotional order in the text of everyday life. In order to investigate the effects of social networks on the emotional structure of Iranians, the data obtained from virtual ethnography were thematically analyzed. According to the findings, residual patterns include mythical patterns (golden past and giving charisma to leaders), family related patterns (love and jealousy), and patterns of challenge with power (originality, justice, and humor). We are also witnessing the spread of dominant patterns such as public hope, the dominance of more dominant language codes, the direct and indirect interventions of formal discourse in space. Emerging patterns also take the form of individual forms (self realization), collective forms (expansion of civil society and intellectual currents), as well as an amalgam of positive and negative emotions such as traumatization, anger from failure, absolute anger, aggregation of boredom levels, generalization of individual anxiety, and various forms of compassion. Finally, some features were added to Williams' emotional structure include the generalization of the personal  issue, the everydayization and Coming to the surface of residual patterns, individual / collective, localization / globalization, power / resistance, the dialectical relationship with macro structures, pragmatism / passivity and the synergy within and among the three patterns.

National identity, as the largest level of identity in any society, shows the relationship and belonging of a person with his country and is very important. The wideness and plurality of national identity studies makes the necessity of a systematic review of scientific researches to draw a comprehensive picture of the studies done in this field even more obvious. The purpose of this research is to design the model of the components of national identity in Iran through the study and summation of the researches conducted in the field of national identity and with the meta-combination approach. The current research method is qualitative and the statistical population of this research consists of all the scientific and research articles conducted in Iran on the topic of national identity from 1388 to 1398, which are in one of the scientific information databases of SID, Noormags and Magiran are indexed. A total of 250 research articles were found and finally, after various reviews and refinements, 40 articles were selected for the final review, which were organized into 263 conceptual codes, 60 components and 7 dimensions. The most important 7 dimensions of national identity in terms of the most conceptual territory and components are: cultural dimension, social dimension, historical dimension, territorial dimension, religious dimension, linguistic and literary dimension, and finally political dimension.

This research seeks to describe and analyze the ways of exercising power and the components of school culture and show why and how these two serve each other and embrace the meanings and alternative perspectives of students. Theoretical and methodological framework of the research is based on critical ethnography and to promote theoretical sensitivity, the theoretical constructs of Foucault, Bourdieu, Apple and Ilich have been used.The research method was critical ethnography and the research population was boys' secondary schools in Sanandaj.Samples were selected purposefully through observation and ethnographic work in the research field and data were selected through notes through non-participatory observation, conversation with key subjects and informants and Data were collected, coded and analyzed during 32 individual interviews with students, teachers, and parents, and 5 focus group interviews with students.According to the findings, disciplinary power, interactive power, teacher group, pressure on parents and management approach were some of the ways of exercising power in school that is possible and reproduced through school culture Preserving the dignity of the school and the privacy of teachers, inconsistencies such as harm, tolerance and maintenance, using the power of parents as well as patterns and processes of dominating the disciplinary and academic affairs, building school knowledge and building the type of student are components. School culture and basic ideas and implicit theories of teachers are considered.The school, through its close connection with the social places of home and education system, is involved in a set of systemic relationships, the reference to which is an effective step in understanding and explaining cultural themes and practices.

Nowadays, learning classical western instruments such as piano has become significantly popular in Iran. It can be said that teaching piano, in addition to the technical dimension, requires consideration of other aspects that the teacher should consider when teaching.This is an educational and interdisciplinary research. Therefore, to explain and analyze educational topics accurately, a researcher in this field needs to use social research methods and related theories. One of the approaches to research in the social sciences is the result of  Pierre Bourdieu's approach to the twentieth century sociologist, which has had a significant impact on social theory and sociology and has created methodological changes in various social fields, including education. Objective after presenting an introduction to music and the history of piano in Iran and explaining  Pierre Bourdieu's theory This research tries to show, beyond the subject of musical talent and intelligence,There are several things that make a student better than others playing the piano. In addition, how can solutions be achieved that, in addition to developing and enhancing students' playing skills; Prevent the reproduction of the consolidation and hegemony of the ruling class of society?  In this research, the research method of content analysis has been used.

Education system belong to basic institution. Teacher have been a big role in the system. Although this institute have been a conservative character in many societies, but political participation of teacher in Iran during least decades is not parallel to reproduction of political structure. The multi ethnic structure of Iran influence of teacher political participation. Ethnic identity effected individual values. Material and para material values are a social change index. The goal of this study is relation between ethnic identity and political participation and individual values among high school teacher of Kamyaran city. Theory of research rooted in Romano, Inglehart and Rush view. The research method was survey and data collected by questionnaire. The population were high school teacher of Kamyaran, the results indicate among demographic character such religious, sex ,dialectic and type of ethnic identity were significant relation, the other finding shows among type of ethnic identity ,political participation and individual values were significant relation. The results shows the political behavior of teacher may be political or not, at the same time the political behaviors may be belong to ethnicity or not.