نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

Current study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) supplementation on hippocampal expression of nerve growth factor (proNGF) and p75 receptor in a rat’s model of Alzheimer's disease. 

42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Trimethyltin chloride (8 mg/kg). Then, the rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups control, RT, RT + supplementation of RJ 100 mg/kg (RT+RJ100), RT+supplementation of RJ200 (RT+RJ200), supplementation of RJ100, supplementation of RJ200, and sham group. Supplement groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of RJ for eight weeks. The incremental RT protocol was performed for eight weeks, three weekly sessions at intensity according to 30-100% of body weight.

The RT protocol significantly increased proNGF expression compared to the control group. In addition, RJ100 and RJ200 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of proNGF and p75. Furthermore, the interaction effect of RT+RJ100 and RT+RJ200 induced a considerable increase in proNGF and p75 expression. Also, the impact of RJ on proNGF and p75 expression was dose-dependent, and the effect of the 200 mg/kg dose was significantly higher than the 100 mg/kg dose.

Both RT protocol and RJ supplementation synergistically increase neurotrophin expression in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's rats. The effects of RJ in combination use are dose-dependent, with higher doses having higher effects on neurotrophin and receptor expression. In the case of using a single dose of RJ, a lower dose is more desirable.

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common disorders in childhood and adolescence. Given the consequences of these disorders on the academic, family, and social performance of children and adolescents, identifying the most effective psychological interventions for these disorders is more important. The purpose of this study is to review the studies on the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral therapy on anxiety disorders in children and adolescents in Iran.

In this systematic review, 54 studies from three databases, including Magiran ،SID ،Noormags, on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety disorders in children and adolescents from 2009 to 2019 in Iran were collected, and 27 studies were selected after evaluation and compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Strobe checklist. Eventually, 14 of them were studied in total and 13 in summary.

In these studies, 1000 children and adolescents have been studied. The findings showed that in most studies, the reported effect size ranged from 0.15 to 0.48, which is a moderate effect size for the effectiveness of treatment. All the studied studies had several theoretical and methodological problems. Some of these common problems: Poor or incomplete comparison with similar previous studies, poor explanations provided for treatment effectiveness, low sample size, useless advanced statistical formulas, and lack of reference to methods, not to mention the methods of monitoring treatment. Also, in most of these studies, the principles and guidelines of the International Standard Clinical Trial were not followed.

The results of the reviewed studies indicate the low to moderate effectiveness of intervention protocols, but it seems that if the theoretical and methodological problems of these studies in Iran are resolved, a more accurate estimate of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents can be made.

Considering the importance of health and protection of patients' rights, it is clear that addressing the status and relationship of ethics in addition to the relevant laws in the direction of medical and health care has a unique value and quality; Therefore, the purpose of studying this study is to critique the status of medical ethics and its effects and its relationship with the development of laws in the field of medical and health care.

Pharmaceutical and health care are one of the most fundamental issues in the field of treatment and health rights; Now, to provide the necessary security in the area of health and pharmaceutical care, the society and governments have to formulate and regulate rules, security and guarantee rules based on ethics and values governing the community; therefore, in this research, using a descriptive approach- Analytical By examining the sources and library studies in the field of authorship and studies in the field of medical ethics, we have tried to critique, study and review the principles and rules in the field of medical ethics and pharmaceutical and health care.

Based on what has been stated, one of the most significant achievements and findings of this research can be the critique of the position of ethics in formulating laws and regulations in the pharmaceutical and health care field according to understanding the legal principles in the field of medical ethics. The topics discussed in this study were in the field of pharmaceutical and health care; As we mentioned in the progressive research, after reviewing and discussing each of them, we tried to critique the interactions and harms in the field of professional ethics to a clear and appropriate understanding of the needs in the field of medical ethics. And access to medical and health care. Finally, by understanding and reviewing the shortcomings and principles governing the theory of moral consequentialism in the field of health and pharmaceutical and health care with the executive and legal facts in the discussion to critique, study and review the principles and rules governing the field of health law and Medical ethics to conclude the discussion.

In the present study, it was shown that the status of ethical and legal systems had not been sufficiently considered while formulating laws and regulations and drawing up executive and legal policies in the form of pharmaceutical and health care; Therefore, it seems that while trying to understand the ethical model of society, there is a place for laws and regulations in the field of medical and health care in accordance with the ethics of the necessary revisions.

A healthy society requires a healthy family. Studies have shown that men are more affected by the disease than women, and their mortality rate is higher than women. However, many men do not go to health centers to receive health services, so this study was conducted to investigate why men do not go to health centers.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on 380 men over 18. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire including demographic questions and factors affecting men's lack of referral to health centers. The sampling method was multi-stage. Data analysis was performed by SPSS16 statistical software using an independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Scheffe post hoc tests.

According to the results of the study, non-referral to the centers had a significant relationship with ethnicity (p = 0.023) and level of education (p < 0.001). At the same time, there was no significant relationship between age, marriage, economic status, or occupation (p> 0.05). The inadequate physical condition of health centers (82.95 ±14.67) and lack of trust in health personnel (82.95 ±14.67) of the most important, as well as insufficient information and knowledge (61.22 ± 25.37). The least important factors were the lack of referral of men to health centers.

According to the findings, the need to improve the physical condition of the centers and confidentiality, the confidentiality of information, proper treatment of people, and enhancing personnel skills is important. These cases have been suggested to health managers so that with appropriate policies and planning, we can see an increase in the number of men going to the centers.

Major Depression disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder in which mood swings and sadness are prominent symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on the severity of depression and cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

The present study was a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. Among the patients with major depressive disorder who were referred to health centers in Khoy city, 30 were selected and randomly and equally assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to 9 onehour treatment sessions, and the data were analyzed using the Beck questionnaire (BDI-II), Leahy emotional schema questionnaire (LESS), and short-form cognitive and emotional regulation strategies (CERQ-SF) in pre-test and post-test. They were collected and, after data collection, were analyzed using MANCOVA.

The results showed that emotional schema therapy between the two groups had a significant difference in the severity of depression F = 161.27, maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation F = 41.93, and adaptive strategies F = 31.13 at the level of 0.001. The effect size of emotional schema therapy for depression severity was 0.86, adaptive strategies 0.65, and maladaptive strategy 0.71.

Emotional Schema Therapy as an Emerging Emotion-Focused Therapy can be used as an effective and efficient treatment to reduce depression and modify emotional schemas and cognitive regulation strategies

One of the markers that change due to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and the production of free radicals in the poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) gene, which plays an essential role in inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on cardiac PARP-1 gene expression in methamphetaminedependent male rats.

In an experimental study, rats were divided into four groups sham, methamphetamine, methamphetamine-control, and methamphetamine-highintensity interval training, using a simple random technique. First, methamphetamine was injected for 21 days. At the end of this phase, the methamphetamine-highintensity interval training group performed high-intensity interval training for eight weeks and five sessions per week. In the present study, the left ventricular tissue of rats' hearts was used to evaluate the PARP-1 expression gene. Data were analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 8 software at a P < 0.05.

The results showed that 21 days of methamphetamine injection increased the cardiac PARP-1 expression gene in the methamphetamine group compared to the sham group (P= 0.025). Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training did not decrease the expression of this gene in the methamphetamine-high-intensity interval training group compared to methamphetamine (P= 0.974) and methamphetaminecontrol (P= 0.993) groups.

Chronic methamphetamine use has increased the cardiac PARP-1 expression gene in rats. In the treatment field, high-intensity interval training cannot reduce the expression of this gene. Given that little research has been done in this field and the molecular mechanisms involved in this pathway are not well understood, researchers are suggested to do further research in this field.

Medical error causes severe emotional responses in health care providers and makes them second victims. This study aimed to explain the experience of second victims of medical mistakes leading to death or permanent complication.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and content analysis method in 2020. Using a purposeful sampling method, ten physicians and members of the medical team involved in medical errors leading to death or permanent complication were selected and interviewed. Data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method with MAXQDA18 software.

Based on the analysis of the interviews, 156 initial codes, 48 sub-categories, 13 main categories, and finally, three main themes, including "Multiple reactions, Multiple effects, and Supportive system."

Understanding the experiences of second victims, including (multiple reactions, multiple effects, and supportive systems) can help to understand this phenomenon better and help design a comprehensive support program to eliminate and reduce the negative consequences and increase the sense of security them

One of the topics in health psychology is the response of individuals to the physical symptoms of the disease. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies deal with adaptive emotion.

The study method is correlational. The population includes students aged 18 to 35 years from Bu Ali Sina University and Payame Noor University of Hamadan. To conduct research, 399 students were selected by the convenience sampling
method. Participants were assessed using a research assessment tool including three Jackson five-factor questionnaires, health anxiety, and cognitive emotion regulation guides. Then the data were analyzed using the path analysis method based on AMOS-21 software.

The results showed that the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) has a direct effect on health anxiety, the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and cognitive emotion regulation strategy adaptive, and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and cognitive regulation strategy Adaptive emotion, as well as cognitive regulation strategies Adaptive emotion and health anxiety, are indirectly related; This study also showed that adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role between behavioral activation system (BAS), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), with health anxiety.

The relationship between the activity of behavioral activation systems (BAS), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and health anxiety with the mediating role of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies is confirmed, and the final model fits.

Spiritual health is explained as the fourth dimension of health based on the cultural and religious contexts and religious thinkers of each society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the indicators of spiritual health from the perspective of Imam Ali.

This descriptive-analytical study is a qualitative content-oriented analysis that collects some of the valuable sayings of Imam Ali from authentic texts and the indicators of spiritual health from the perspective of Imam Ali. It is included in the five axes of spiritual health in the study of Kharashadizadeh et al. (2015) and empirical references to spiritual health. In this study, first-hand and authentic texts have been used. This means that by searching in databases and based on the study of Kharashadizadeh et al. Using the keywords of Imam Ali, in the narrations, the words of Imam Ali have been retrieved and, while documented, it has been studied.

Imam Ali, while paying attention to the interaction of body and soul with each other, had particular statements on the five axes of romantic creationism; Religious rationality, Mental balance, Conscientiousness, and heresy can be evaluated.

The research results in the above five axes showed that spiritual health, in the words of Imam Ali, has fundamental differences from spiritual health based on other cultures. Therefore, according to the Imam Ali community of medical sciences, to achieve patients' physical health, it is necessary to pay special attention to the interaction of body and soul and to pay special attention to empirical references to spiritual health to promote and evaluate spiritual health.

Even before the Covid 19 pandemic, one of the lucrative targets for attackers behind ransomware attacks was Encroaching on the continuity of services in the field of health information technology. In this study, for the first time, while introducing, relying on statistics and modeling, it is shown that the prevention and counteraction of these attacks in the IT infrastructure of the healthcare sector are doubly essential compared to other areas and have a negative reciprocal effect so that this area requires different measures and actions.

First, based on reviewing the statistics obtained from the rescue services in the country's field of countering ransomware attacks, the resulting economic parameters are mapped on the existing models in the issue area. Then, by applying the data obtained from the rescue services against ransomware attacks in the native environment of health information technology, in the created model, an estimate of the interaction of risks is presented.

Economic-statistical analysis of quantitative results from modeling, methodological statistical-economic estimation, and data analysis indicate that the risks of ransomware in healthcare infrastructure can have fundamental differences and interactions with those in other areas of information technology application.

With the arguments and results presented in this study, it is possible to prove the need for different measures and tactics in the field of health information technology and indicate the need for investment and new prioritization for precautions and protective measures in this field.

Since the suicide attempts increased as self-destructive, conscious, and purposeful actions. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic approaches, Integrative and ACT, on psychological distress in people with suicide attempts.

The current research is a quasi-experimental with a pre-experimental-postexperimental study with a follow-up design. The statistical population of the present study included all people with suicide attempts in North Khorasan who were hospitalized in 2020. The study sample included 24 subjects who were selected through random sampling and inclusion criteria and assigned randomly into two experimental groups (12 people in each group). ACT and integrated treatment protocol accomplished in eight 90-minute sessions individually every week. The research tool was Kessler psychological distress scale (k-10) (2002). Data were collected in four stages: the fourth session, at the end of the intervention, and after two months. Data were analyzed using multivariate variance and by SPSS-26 software.

Both treatments affect psychological distress in the post-test and follow-up phase and have reduced the psychological distress scores of people who attempt suicide. Also, comparing the effectiveness of the two interventions, Integrated Approach was more effective on psychological distress in the follow-up.

Both treatments are effective in reducing psychological distress. Therefore, these two treatment methods are recommended for therapists to reduce suicide attempts

Nowadays organizations must turn to dynamic structures that are compatible with the conditions around them in order to achieve their goals and meet the needs of customers. The aim of this study was to determine effective factors on reviewing appropriate organizational structure for physical education organizations in Iranian universities of medical sciences.

In terms of the purpose of this research, this research was part of applied research, and in terms of descriptive nature, it is a qualitative research in terms of philosophical foundations in terms of pragmatism paradigm and in terms of variables. The statistical population of this study included experts in the field of organizational management in sports and managers and current or former deputies of physical education of the universities of the Ministry of Health. The sampling method was theoretical. A total of 13 interviews were conducted as open and indepth questions until the data reached theoretical saturation.

Findings showed that there are eleven main themes that include directional elements, favorable governance, technology factors, human resources, financial and capital resources, physical infrastructure, intellectual structure, student organizations, communication networks, cultural factors and flexibility, and the comprehensiveness of the structure.

According to the results of this study, it seems that the structure of physical education organizations in universities of medical sciences should be redesigned by staff planners in universities, and in this review, the main attention to the influential factors is a priority.