نشریه فضای گردشگری
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1395)

The present research aimed to study the effect of customer satisfaction and brand image on brand loyalty in the hotel industry in 5 – star hotels of East Azerbaijan including El-Goli Pars and Shahriar Hotels in 1394 in summer. The data required for this research were gathered using questionnaire and non-random sampling method through 5 – stars hotels guests of Tabriz. This research, in terms of purpose is functional but as far as the data collection is concerned, is descriptive survey. Also, it has made use of structural equation modeling through the SMART PLS software to analyze the obtained data. Statistical population of this research included all guests of the 5 – stars hotels Tabriz. The Cochran formula was used in order to determine the sample size of study. The results showed that the customer satisfaction and brand image both have a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. Also, the effect of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty was greater than that of brand image.

Tourism industry has a special place in the national economy and plays an active and effective role in promoting socio-economic structure and culture of the country, especially in developing countries.Although tourism is an industry, it depends more on cultural communications.Tourism is fundamental in sustainable development and this trend in Iran is advantagous. A descriptive analytic research using library and field studies was implemented to achieve the goals of the study. In order to review and assess the current situation and the capabilities and limitations of tourism development in Tabriz, one-sample T-test for independent variables and Friedman test were used to rank the components of the desired situations.The results of the study showed the ineffectiveness of the urban transportation system in the development of urban tourism. Also the study confirmed the effectiveness of paying attention to the artistic and cultural attractions, parking and lack of adequate historical places, paying less attention to urban structure, as well as beautification of tourist attractions, lack of management and planning in matters of urban tourism agencies and tourism development.

Inappropriate weather conditions such as severe hot or cold weather will affect both the body and the soul of every man and as a result his effectiveness and efficiency will be distorted. On the contrary, thermal comfort conditions will result in optimal conditions. The present study analyzed Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Predicted Mean View (PMV) from among the parameters of an average period of sixty years (1955-2015) in Hamdid station of Sabzevar. The parameters included temperature, average, the lowest temperature in a day, the average of the highest temperature in a day, dry weather temperature, steam pressure by Hectopascal, relative humidity, wind speed, and the cloudiness of the weather have been used. The results of this study showed that the period of thermal comfort in Sabzevar is very limited so that the period reaches its climax in autumn and spring from 35 to 40 days. However the hot weather lasts for 50 days from Tir to around the 20th of Mordad. The most important factor in Sabzevar as far as thermal comfort is regarded is the long and stressful cold period which lasts for about 190 days from the third decade of autumn to the second decade of Farvardin.

Tourism is one of the most important industries in the world which causes the rapid economic progress of the country if it is attended appropriately. The main objective of this study was to provide a model for evaluating the competitive advantage of tourist destinations based on decision-making techniques. To do so, first the competitive advantage criteria were identified for fourteen tourist destinations using the literature and interviews with experts. In the second step of the study, the researchers used LFPP to calculate the relative importance of planning preferences. In the third step researchers ranked tourist destinations using fuzzy COPRAS. The results of this study showed that the north of the country, including the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, was recognized as the best tourism destination as far as the competitive advantages were considered.

For constructing sustainable and comprehensive development as well as adapting new income resources instead of oil reserves, employing all facilities and capabilities are needed. Today ecotourism is recognized as one of the sustainable tourism branches which has a great share in preservation and development of tourism. National parks, protected areas and ambushments provide an opportunity for preserving ecological wealth, notifying people of environmental values and getting away from urban life. National parks and wild life ambushments of Qamishlu with environmental values, and historical castles dating to Qhajar era have special potentials for tourism development. In this study, the ecological potential of the area has been used to assess the ecological resources of the environment compared with the benchmark, and emphasis on tourism of wildlife and appropriate weighing based on AHP model. The results of the study showed that the northern and eastern parts of the area understudy are prioritized as far as the available maps are considered.

Tourism industry is considered as an important sector in social and economic development. At present, tourism industry is one of the most important sources of income and job opportunities as well as the development of infrastructure and socio-cultural development. It can cause the growth development of economy in a lot of regions. The city of BoyerAhmad in Kohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province with a temperate climate, mountainous area, abundant water, forest cover and intense vegetation is a region with a lot of potentials for attracting tourists. The type of research used in this study was applied and developmental research in which library and survey studies were used. The purpose of this study was to assess ecological and potential tourism land use. In this regard, the criteria were identified in order to provide spatial database in GIS. Then, the standardization of these criteria, using fuzzy logic in the Arc GIS software was performed and using a questionnaire survey completed by 30 experts and Shannonentropy, certain weights were assigned to each of the criteria. Then the criteria were overlaid based on fuzzy logic and a map was obtained indicating areas of the tourism. The study area in produced map was divided into three classes of very good, good and bad in order to plan for a variety of recreational activities.

Lorestan province as the capital of geo-tourism in Iran includes a wide variety of unique geomorphological features such as caves, waterfalls, lakes and replete with historical and geological potentials together with optimal and appropriate areas for constructing geo-parks. One of the objectives of this applied-developmental research was identifying and introducing geo-tourism attractions, prioritizing required criteria and sub-criteria and also identifying optimized areas for creating geo-parks in Lorestan. Therefore descriptive-analytical methods together with field studies and the comments from experts and specialists and also an AHP model were used to investigate the effective and optimized criteria and sub-criteria for constructing geo-parks. Using a questionnaire, the researchers detected an optimized area in the province of Lorestan for constructing a geo-park. The results of the study showed that the most important criterion in prioritizing areas to construct geo-parks in Lorestan province was economical and infrastructure related criteria. Reviewing and prioritizing criteria and sub-criteria for the five proposed areas for constructing geo-parks showed that despite the great geo capabilities, there was a possibility to construct geo-parks in several areas, however the most gifted area for creating a geo-park was Gohar Lake and its surrounding area.

Ecotourism is regarded as a form of tourism of postmodernism era, so that it can be considered as the second major variety of tourism which, at domestic and foreign levels, attracts many tourists based on market demand trends to tourism destinations. Ecotourism as a variety of tourism can increase cooperation, its economical effects, protecting the environment, sustainable development, and dynamism in local and regional economy using environmental potentials which in its turn requires a strong marketing. The present study employed a descriptive – survey design using library studies. The participants of the study were 130 tourists of Golestan province from Gorgan, Gonbad, Aliabad Katoul, and Kordkuy for this kind of tourism. In terms of data collection, it is considered as a field study and finally in terms of generalizability of the findings it is a kind of survey. In this research, the items of the questionnaire, in two sections, were based on personal and behavioral characteristics and included nine "bases" of marketing, a combination of ecotourism and tourism. In order to determine the reliability of the instruments of the study, a pretest was conducted. The calculated Cronbach's alpha for the main scale of the questionnaire, i.e. identifying the patterns of ecotourism marketing in Golestan province, was 0.72 which showed the acceptable reliability. The applied statistical methods in this research include one-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one sample T-test, two-samples T-test and Friedman test for processing the obtained data. The results based on the nine "bases" priority indicated that there were some deficiencies in advertising, partnership, planning, and location. Furthermore, on the basis of the findings, a mathematical model was proposed.