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سال نوزدهم شماره 110 (امرداد 1401)

Problem statement:

The evaluation of the feasibility of urban development plans, which has been carried outin various studies, suggests their failure and reveals the urgency to review and find out the main causes of the impracticability of such plans in urban planning.

Research objective:

This research investigates the main factors affecting the feasibility of ‌‌master plans for small cities. For this purpose, three small citieswere selected as a case study in Guilan Province.

Research method:

This qualitative study employed the grounded theory method to obtain reliable information and opinions using semi-structured interviews.Thus, 23 expertsin the field of the urban management of small cities were interviewed to achieve theoretical saturation. Each interview lasted from one hour to one hour and thirty minutes. The research process included multiple iterations.

Seven main themeswere extracted for the non-feasibility of ‌‌master plans based on the code analysis of the interviews. These themes are weaknesses of the management system, problems of the legal system, problems of the executive system, financial problems, substantive problems of the plan, lack of constructive participation, and problems with the plan preparation process system. For each theme, appropriate solutions were proposedaccording to the initial open codes and their frequency. The findings of this study showthat different factors of the non-feasibility of ‌‌master plans are closely related to each other, in other words, they can be connected like a chain. Some factors can also be improved by modifying other factors.

Problem statement:

The relationship between spatial quality (spatial preferences) and spatial structure has been confirmed, and many studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between these two important architecture variables. However, the results of studies are often inconclusive and there are no quantitative and consensual theories about the relationship between these two variables due to the intrinsic complexity of both variables and the complexity of the relationship between them.

Research objective:

This study proposes a new method for discovering and formulating the relationship between spatial preferences and spatial configuration and tests the accuracy and efficiency of this proposed method.

Research method:

In this methodology, a unique virtual environment was created to allow continuous changes and design in the environment and controls of the intervening variables. Experts wereasked to design and increase the quality of space in this environment. The process of changing the spatial structure variables during the design process, and improving the spatial quality wereexamined. Then, the relationship between these two indicators wasexplained.

According to the results, the proposed methodology performs well in finding the relationship between spatial quality and spatial structure. It also indicates a high statistical correlation between some isovist analyzes and the trend of increasing spatial quality. The results also show that places with more visibility and less visual connections, accessibility, and complexity are of higher quality in some space syntaxes.

Problem statement:

The use of proportions derived from nature in vernacular architecture is one of the principles that govern the interactionsbetween the built environment and nature.The existence of the formal relationship between the built environment and nature can lead to optimization,order,and stability in the built environment.In fact,structures in nature have become stable over time in terms of form and combination and can create reproducible principles regarding the continuity and beauty of spaces.Nowadays,such principles have been neglected in the proportions and numeric relationships employed in the geometry of spaces.The sample of this study contains twenty-four traditional houses in the Qajar era in Ardabil because most of these buildings have been built in this period.

Research objective:

The present study aims to determine the compatibility of common geometric proportions used in the traditional houses of Ardabil with Iranian proportions,golden ratios, and approximate ratios derived from nature to identify the most common nature-friendly layout in the region.

Research method:

This study isapplied and mixed-methods research in which both quantitative and qualitative methodsare employed. First of all, the data related to the dimensions, sizes, and computational ratios were obtained via field observations. After that, the geometric proportions employed in halls, rooms, and main facades were identified using frequency diagrams. Then their compatibility with the proportions derived from nature was analyzedto determine which spatial ratios and standards derived from nature had the highest frequency in the buildings.

The results showed that the architecture of the traditional houses was consistent and compatible with nature in terms of formal characteristics.in addition to using Iranian proportions, golden proportionsin laying out the elements and architectural spaces from plans to façades,the architects of the buildings have also made use of ratios close to simple arithmetic proportions.This shows the relationship between the spatial patterns and the combination of data received from nature,which have been integrated intothe construction of the buildings.

Problem statement:

Although the field of the research process is new, research in this area has advanced rapidly. This reflects the diversity of intellectual and theoretical methods governing the research process. The majority of studies have described design experiences using an analytical approach and point of view. The approach of thinking about design has often been overlooked in this research. The main concern of processes will be lost due to this detached viewpoint, yet the design process itself is a style of thinking. Regardless of the awareness gained from the research phase, the design process will invariably apply logical thinking processes to achieve its purpose. As a result, the goal of this study is to figure out the link between deduction and metaphor as a style of reasoning. Also, what influence can metaphor have as an argumentative approach in creating an architectural work?

Research objective:

This study attempts to understand the link between deduction and metaphor as a core thinking tool in design methodologies and apply it logically.

Research method:

Deductive and inferential reasoning was employed in two stages, the bibliographic method was used for data collection, and the logical reasoning method was used for data analysis.

This research aims to understand better the role and function of logical reasoning in the architectural design process and the impact of metaphor as an arguing tool. According to the conclusions of this study, deduction and metaphor are among the complete logical procedures that play a crucial role in the production of architectural works in a four-part mechanism. By keeping the features of deduction, metaphor is a type of deduction that leads to the uniqueness and twofold meaning in architecture.

Problem statement:

Intercultural themes are usually discussed by semioticiansfrom the perspective of intertextuality and interdisciplinary. Such issues have been considered interdisciplinary by different disciplines. The scopes of intercultural discourse can be the subject of a study. However, due to various reasons including today’s necessity, it is assumed that contemporary art approaches culture through almost unlimited access. Hence, the position of cultural concepts and the constructive values of culturesare presented and preserved differently from the past.

Research objective:

The subject of the research is interpreted and analyzed, through exploring intercultural concepts among the works of three contemporary artists, Anselm Kiefer, Ahmad Nadalian, and Jean-Michel Basquiat,to provide young artists and researcherswiththe foundations of art, thought contexts, and deeper thinking according to the existing universal contemporary artcircumstances.

Research method:

The nature of the present research is descriptive-analytical and data was collected using the libraryresearch method.

Contemporary art deals with an endless range of themes and the variety of languages used and the abundant media are available to the artist to presentvisually cultural concepts to its audience in various ways. It can be said that this has led to the emergence of new definitions of art, artist, audience, work of art, and even tools.

Problem statement:

Adopting a modernist view of dwelling and limiting this view to physical needs have reduced urban spaces to one-dimensional, inhuman, soulless, lifeless structures. Moreover, they have reduced the use of residential complexes to shelters. The growing population in urban communities has led to the construction of residential complexes, especially in metropolitan areas, where modernist and minimalist approaches have been employed to provide quick and cheap shelter for the poor. For almost a decade, the construction of these residential complexes in Iran has been done under the name of Mehr Housing. The main obstacles to improving the vitality of such complexes, which have also been raised by the authorities, are financial issues and limited budgets.

Research objective:

This study first seeks to identify vitality and its components, and then to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the three housing complexes of Mehr housing in Pardis city (Hesa, Parseh, and Samen) in terms of vitality. For this purpose, the behaviors of their residents were observed and recorded. In addition, in-depth interviews were carried out with the residents of the complexes, and then strategies were proposed to enhance the vitality of the complexes in the current conditions at a fraction of the cost.

Research Method:

The methods of this research are qualitative and survey. The data for this study was collected through open-ended interviews. For this purpose, documentary research was carried out. In the first phase of the study, valid written sources, including books and articles, were reviewed and related experiences, the relevant concepts associated with the dimensions and variables of vitality, were extracted. In the second phase, survey studies, in addition to observing and recording behaviors, in-depth interviews were conducted with the citizens of the three residential complexes of Hesa, Parseh, and Samen as a case study, and the data gathered was categorized and analyzed using the content analysis method.

With reference to the financial difficulties of Mehr housing projects in the current situation, a logical solution requires paying attention to the mental, immaterial, and non-capital components of vitality. Based on the views of experts and analysis of interviews with residents, the most important immaterial component is a sense of belonging to a place. Part of the problem is that residents lack a sense of belonging to their place of residence. Since they have settled there for a long time, they do not know each other and find themselves in a new and unfamiliar place. However, it is possible to increase a sense of belonging among the residents of these complexes by adopting some measure

Problem statement:

The long ancient history of Iranian culture and civilization has witnessed the transformation of pre-Islamic holy figures and places associated with Mithraism, which later turned into sacred places and figures in new beliefs. Many historical Iranian monuments have remained from the Islamic era, associated with Solomon or other Jewish saints and prophets. The question is“what are the historical factors and similarities among these myths that associate these memorials to Jamshid, the mythical Persian king, and Jewish saints such as Solomon, the prophet?”

Research objective:

The present research attemptsto study why Mithraism shrines have been renamed to monuments attributed to Solomon following the Arab conquest of Sassanid.

Research method:

This descriptive and analyticalqualitative research is applied research. The study was conducted using bibliographicsearch and examining historical references. Mythology-based approach was used to analyzetwo case studies of Persepolis and a historical shrine in Masjed-Soleyman.

After the conquest of Iran by Arabs and forcing Iranians to join and obey the new religion, pre-Islamic Iranian ideological foundations trembled. Survival of ancient Iranian beliefs relied upon the legitimacy that could only be attained through connecting Iranian theology to the saints cited in Islamic traditions and holy books. Hence, the Iranian intelligent mind effectively tried to keep its own cultural identity and protect them from the flood of destruction by attributing its religious temples to the Jewish prophets (also honored by Muslims). This tremendous intellectual movement and historical ingenuity have led Persian myths associated with sacrednesssuch as the Prophet Solomon. Given this analysis, the reason why many ancient Iranian monuments have been attributed to Solomon, his mother, or other Jewish prophets was uncovered.

Problem statement:

Apart from mental effects, the ideas of modernization in the form of a pervasive current in the culture and literature of the world have been objectively manifested in the architectural forms and the cities. Such changes have transformed the forms of cities and given a rise to new words such as modernist cities . While significant changes were taking place in Tehran with the echo of modernization during the first Pahlavi era, Kabul was experiencing changes in political and social aspects and an urban body with a similar theme to Tehran was being shaped.

Research objective:

This study attempts to explain the role of the modernization project and compare its effect on the changes in the physical-spatial structure of Kabul city in the period of Amani with that of Tehran city in the first Pahlavi period. For this purpose, the following question was raised: How was the urban development of Tehrandifferent from or similar to the one in Kabul in the mentioned periods in terms of structures, nature, and aspects?

Research method:

This is a historical-comparativequalitativestudyemploying and documentary data analysis. The historical-interpretive research method was used for collecting the historical theoretical foundation of the study and the descriptive-analytical research method was drawn upon to analyze and compare physical-spatial structure changes in Tehran and Kabul.

A comparison of the modernization measures by Reza Shah and Amanullah Khan shows that there are many similarities in the intensity and diversity of these measures. It can be said that the formation of the cities in these two countries has not been endogenous, reproductive, evocative, and dynamic. Moreover, it has not arisen from the context of society rather it has been the result of a policy of modernization and westernization based on the wishes and orders of the governments.