فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 70، تابستان 1401)

Over the last few years, crimes in cyber space have grown significantly. One of these crimes is moral corruption. Therefore, the present research is conducted in the Greater Tehran police command, aimed at determining the mechanisms of social prevention of crimes of moral corruption in the cyber space.

In terms of aim, the research is of applied type, and in terms of nature of the data is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). Also, in terms of data collection, in the qualitative approach, the research method is of exploratory type, and in the quantitative approach, it is of survey type. In the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview with 28 cyber space experts was used in a target-oriented manner until reaching theoretical saturation for the conceptual localization of the research. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included about 560 commanders, middle managers and expert staff in the police command of Greater Tehran, who were selected using stratified sampling. Finally, 115 close-ended questionnaires were distributed in various departments of the command, taking into account the proportional allocation method. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part, and Spss and LISREL were used in the quantitative part, and confirmatory factor analysis tests and structural equations were used to analyze the data.

In the analysis of the findings of the qualitative part of social prevention mechanisms of moral corruption crimes in cyberspace, there are 71 themes, 15 components and 3 basic dimensions before, during and after the occurrence. The findings of the quantitative part also indicate that the effectiveness of cultural programs and strengthening social capabilities are the most effective components of social prevention.As a result, given the prioritization of the components of social prevention in the cyber space, managers should seriously focus on cultural programs (4.75), strengthening social capabilities (4.71), public education (4.67) and public information (4.62)" to carry out effective and continuous measures. Based on this, the prevention of moral corruption in the three situations- before, during and after the occurrence- requires appropriate measures in proportionate with itself.

Throughout history, some human needs not only do not decrease in importance, but some new dimensions of them emerge with the passage of time; the need for security is one of these basic needs of human society. The present research is aimed at investigating the factors impacting social security. Modeling this interaction is based on the structural and interpretive modeling technique.

The present research collected information from numerous researches using qualitative and quantitative methods, and after identifying the factors affecting social security, such as socio-economic base, cultural intelligence, media usage and performance, ethnic orientation, social control, social capital, social participation, social identity, religiosity, police performance, social support and social trust; these factors were prepared in the form of a self-interactive questionnaire and were provided to 15 experts and specialists in the field of sociology.

Based on the obtained results, socio-economic base and cultural intelligence are among the key factors affecting social security and are placed at the top of the list of factors affecting social security.The results indicate that since the two above-mentioned factors -cultural intelligence and socio-economic base- are the most important variables affecting social security, at the individual and social level, especially the related institutions need to adopt the proper way, in order to increase the ability to learn new patterns in cultural interactions to provide suitable behavioral responses and also increase and strengthen the individuals’ base.

Security feeling is a psychological-social phenomenon which has various dimensions. This feeling is emanated from individuals’ direct and indirect experiences of their surrounding environment, and different people experience it in various ways. There are many common threats that could be seen more or less in all societies and lead to lack of social security feeling. Security feeling as a social variable could be affected by many social and individual factors. The present research is aimed at comparing Hormozgan province (East, West and Center) citizens’ security feeling and the impact of social dimensions of balanced development on it.

The present research, in terms of objective, was of applied type and has been conducted using survey method. Using Cochran formula, sample size of 384 people was selected in Hormozgan province, and a multi-stage cluster sampling method and a questionnaire was used for collecting data. And the validity of the content data collection tool and its reliability have been measured by Cronbach's alpha method. T-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, regression and path analysis were used in predicting and explaining the security feeling influence on various components of social dimensions of development.

The results of the research indicated that the security feeling in the three studied areas is evaluated at an average level, but the social dimensions of balanced development are not equally developed in these areas. In other words, these dimensions in the east and west of the province have had the least impact, compared to the center.The findings of the research indicate that in “Lengeh” and “Minab”, the independent variables (social dimensions of development) social justice, social welfare, social sustainability and quality of life have been able to explain merely about 17.4 and 15.1 percent of the variance of the dependent variable (sense of security), respectively, while in Bandar Abbas city, the independent variables explained about 41.7 percent of the variance of the dependent variable.

In the development of tourism, there are many influential factors, of which security is the most important factor in its development. Security and tourism are two interdependent issues in domestic and foreign relations that may have a rising or falling impact on each other in bilateral interaction. It means that improving security level has a high impact on tourism and the direction of its economic benefits. And any kind of insecurity at different levels causes irreparable losses to the industry. The present research is aimed at determining the relationship between social security and tourism development in the east of Tehran province.

The research, in terms of aim, is of applied type, and in terms of the research method is of survey type. Library and field methods have been used for collecting data. The statistical population of the research is all local and non-local tourists, visiting eastern Tehran province in 2021, and 391 people were selected as a sample using the unlimited population formula. In this research, two researcher-made questionnaires:  citizens’ social security and tourism development developed by Chris et al. (2006) were used. The analysis of the research data was done in two parts: descriptive (mean, standard deviation, table, figure and graph) and inferential (structural equation modeling) using LISREL and SPSS20.

In this research, the independent variables are: trust building, physical factors, police performance, infrastructural factors, social and cultural factors, and the dependent variable of tourism development. The results of the research indicated that trust-building (0.36), physical factors (0.15), police performance (0.13), infrastructural factors (0.27) and socio-cultural factors (0.25) impact tourism development.The obtained results indicate that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the components of social security and tourism development at a significance level of 0.01. In other words, the higher the tourists’ social security, the higher is their desire to visit these areas. In case relevant officials pay attention to the security of tourists in all aspects and take the necessary measures, tourism will develop in these regions

Nowadays, the most important social component in societies, which takes a big step in individuals’ life and playing their role in society, is the need for social security. Social security is not a simple concept, rather it is the main infrastructure and structure of a person in the personal, family and community realms. The present research is aimed at exploring the social exclusion and social security of people in Tehran and analyzing the factors involved in the social exclusion of people that cause their social insecurity.

Qualitative method was used In this research, and 27 people living in Tehran who were socially excluded were interviewed. Through using grounded theory technique; open coding, central coding, and selective coding of the interview data were done, respectively; and then by determining the core category of theorizing the process was done.

The findings of the research indicated that social exclusion has a significant impact on social security, and those who suffer from social exclusion have very little social security.As a result, the higher the level of social exclusion, the more it causes consequences such as depression, isolation, social damage and even social violence among individuals. Factors such as economic and cultural problems, as well as personal and social trainings also have a significant impact on individuals’ social exclusion. Proper training in childhood, creating an environment for growth, education and good facilities in adolescence and adulthood may prevent social exclusion. Enjoying social security has a significant impact on the structure of growth and productivity of society.

Organizational culture refers to a pattern of basic assumptions and a set of values, beliefs, understanding and inference, a way of thinking that guides the members of a group. The present article seeks to examine the organizational culture of judicial officers and its role in fair criminal proceedings, focusing on the rights of the individuals accused in the preliminary investigation phase in Iranian and British law.

The present research is conducted using descriptive-analytical method.

The police in the UK legal system has historical, theoretical-criminological and pragmatic foundations using the approach of criminal population management and has major authority and mandate with regard to quitting criminal proceedings or preventing perpetrators from entering the criminal justice system. This mandate is referred to as out-of-court police responses or alternative solutions. Due to the lack of a suitable platform for police judicial intervention or a coherent organizational culture in the Iranian law, the officers' actions are not as effective as they are expected to be, there is no possibility of delegating judicial authority to them, similar to the UK. The organizational culture of bailiffs in Iranian law has been formed in the light of the policing-security approach, while in the UK there is a fair protection-oriented approach on police actions in relation with judicial issues. The governing organizational culture could be transformed into an effective and productive culture through recruiting competent people, proper training, continuous supervision and encouraging or threatening reactions. On the other hand, strengthening the organizational culture will delegate active judicial role to the bailiff and will lead to effective cooperation in the criminal system.

The present research, through using a qualitative approach, aims to investigate the performance of institutions in charge of social harms in the marginal Sheikh Abad neighborhood in Qom.

Data collection was done through conducting in-depth interviews, and foundation data theory method was used for data analysis. The statistical population includes activists in the field of combating with social harms, and the interviewees were selected by adopting a targeted strategy and theoretical sampling method. The result of data analysis led to identifying 44 basic themes in the field of social harm reduction.

Based on the findings of the research, the issue of “ritual orientation of the institutions in charge of social harms" was chosen as the core issue. In other words, the institutions in charge of reducing social harms by adopting ritualistic and formalistic orientation towards social harms, rather than committing to realistically dealing with harms, are concerned with presenting a favorable and retouched image of their performance and presenting it to higher officials within the framework of administrative and bureaucratic reports. The findings of the research also showed that issues such as "poor knowledge and specialized insight", "hierarchical organizational management", " institutions weakness and inability ", "lack of effective monitoring of the performance of relevant institutions in reducing social harms" are the most important causal conditions. The issues of "improper settings of laws and regulations of institutions" and "inequality in wealth distribution" (economic poverty of marginalized people) are among the most important intervention and background conditions. In addition, the issue of "popularity of the section and justifying the image of the relevant institution" has been the most important strategy adopted by the institutions in charge, and "increasing growth of social harms" has also been the most important consequence of the performance of the institution in charge