نقدنامه زبان و ادبیات عربی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

The Works that examine the methods of criticism can be a good guide for who want studing in this field. The comprehensiveness of these works makes the work of the readers easier and the critique of these works can evolve the critique process. We use descriptive-analytical method in studing ‘Almnahj Alnkdiah Alhdithah ; A'sa'lah W Mkarbat’ book till Identify the features and shortcomings of the book that be considerd in reading of this book and other works. The result of study show that the small number of pages in the book does not make it a comprehensive work and Cannot be used for teaching. In reviewing the approaches of literary criticism, some sub-categories are not mentioned and some important approaches of criticism have not been seen or have very general and brief explanations. In some cases, the author mentioned to approaches as a general topic. Despite the small number of pages in the book, in some cases there is unimportant content in the book or its historical course is mentioned, which practically does not help the reader to understand the new method of critique. There is no clear classification of the presented contnts and there is a kind of confusion in the arrangement of the topics. Therefore, providing a methodical structure in the methods of critique made it easier to understand the content. The method by which applied cash approaches were to be explained. The historical course of the theory, the leading theorists, and the theoretical foundations of the criticism methods were told, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach were stated in a fair manner so that it could be understood by the reader.

In recent years, with the acceleration of the translation of texts from Arabic to Persian, the need to critique standard translation is becoming more and more apparent. Therefore The purpose of this article is to review the Persian translation of the book " Persian inscriptions on an Arabic painting, based on the theory of "Farzaneh Farahzad's Translation Choices"; Therefore, the choices of translations of the mentioned book were examined in three levels of text, context and symbols, and it was found that the translation changes made at the level of text are often with a specific purpose and can be justified; Of course, sometimes these changes are caused by the mistakes of translators. Also, at the contextual level, the type of writing of the translators' introduction has caused the audience of the book to have no pre-presentation of the contents of the text and the method of translation. The design of the cover and the type of line that is examined at the sign level are among the strengths of translation

Today, translation is one of the most valuable topics in various fields of science, and in the meantime, works that teach translation are of great importance. Fortunately, in our country, several prolific works in the field of translation from Arabic to Persian and vice versa have been compiled and made available to those who are interested. The book "Textbook of Translation and Interpretation" written by Yasra Shadman and Reza Amani is also a new book in this field that has been published this fall. this book has several strengths that can make it one of the most instructive works in academic circles, provided it corrects its shortcomings. A review of this book, concluded that the book, in addition to the many strengths mentioned above, also suffers from many structural and content problems. The most important strengths of the book lie in the many exercises, the appropriate chapters, mentioning the abstract after each chapter, the use of sufficient resources and references. But typographical errors, typographical errors, inadequate structure of phrases, poor translation of texts, failure to interpret some phrases, etc. are some of the main disadvantages of the book, which the authors deserve to correct in future editions.

Reading books from a critical point of view is one of the best ways to lead authors to apply their works and improve the scientific and educational level of their writings. Structural and content evaluation of the work with scientific criteria and providing solutions to eliminate shortcomings and increase the effectiveness of the book, the author helps to provide better scientific and educational content. In this regard, textbook critique is of special importance, which can be referred to " Arabic inflection education" by Abdulhadi Feqhhizadeh. The author's method in this book is an inferential method in that he first mentions the examples and then explains the rules. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical method has examined the strengths and weaknesses of this work in terms of form and content and has concluded that the book address in some courses to those rules that do not seem necessary and even marginalized. It also does not address the issue of meaning and semantic subtlety in morphological forms and structures.

In this study, first we surveyed the music of poetry book written by Ibrahim Anis briefly. Then, the Persian translation of this book which was translated by Narges Ansari and Tayyebeh Seifi criticized and reviewed. In reviewing the translation we proposed its problems along with mentioning the complexity of the translation due to the complexity of the subject and the variation of poetic evidences and offering some of its positive features such as regarding the syntax of the basic language and the acceptable movements of the phrases. From the translation problems we can mention the failure in translating some of technical expressions, inconsistency in finding the equivalent for one expression, incorrect translation of some phrases, negligence in translating regular phrases, mistakes in conscripting the phrases, typical and writing errors that we hope all these will be removed or corrected in its second publication.

The Writing scientific-research articles has certain rules and specific criteria, observing them has a better effect on the presentation of the content and provides the ground for a better and easier reception of the reader. Adonis is one of the leading poets and critics in contemporary Arabic poetry. Numerous articles have been published in scientific-research journals with the approach of analyzing his poems and thoughts and views in the field of criticism. Providing content analysis and reasoning or citation reviews in these articles depends on the observance of the necessary criteria and standards in the configuration and writing of articles and can present his analytical content in the best research format. According to this this, the structure and content of six scientific-research articles focusing on the poems and critical opinions of Adonis, which have been published in the Journal of Arabic Literature, have been evaluated with the aim of critique research and explanation of possible strengths and weaknesses. Rresults show that articles have significant weaknesses in issues such as choosing the title, following the principles of abstract writing, research questions and providing a precise theoretical basis, and it is necessary that the editors, especially the reviewers, review their approaches and performance. It should be noted that references to reliable sources, up-to-date ness of data and information are among the positive points of these articles.

Critical analysis of different books, if in accordance with scientific principles, is a desirable and valuable activity. In the light of critical thinking and relying on scientific principles and foundations, growth and development will be achieved in various fields. Accordingly, the critical analysis of the book "Function and functionalism in Arabic rhetoric" by Alireza Mohammad Rezaei and Mehran Gholamalizadeh through close reading and adaptation to Jacobsen's theory and with the aim of providing a correct and useful critique in the light of cash and linguistic sources, Has been selected as the main issue of this research. Despite writing the book from the dissertation, this work has not benefited much from the advantages of being a dissertation and its professors and judges.The research findings show that the contents of the book are manifestations of Jacobsen's theory of linguistic communication in the Qur'an and some poetry and prose; Jacobsen himself is a great absentee of the form and content of the book. Although, the authors sought to present a new form of Arabic linguistic and rhetorical research; In practice and in adapting the examples to the theory, explanation and definition of different functions using reliable sources, they have acted in a rudimentary and superficial way and have not achieved much success.

The book "Hijrat al-Nusus, Studies in Literary Translation and Cultural Exchange" written by Abdo Abboud is one of the important and at the same time few works that deals with the issue of translation in comparative literature and the importance of translation in intercultural relations and the benefits of these relations. Arabic language teaching in Germany and vice versa and .... is explained. The present article tries to use a descriptive-analytical method in addition to examining the possible positive and negative features of the book and the ability to suggest it as a textbook, according to the expression of the author's social views and opinions in the field of cultural policy; Also, considering the capabilities and tools of critical discourse analysis, examine this article with some tools of this approach and finally come to the conclusion that the most important of them can be summarized in the following cases: Reflection The author's concerns about the poor performance of Arabs in the field of intercultural relations, leaving the field to Israel in this regard, Israel abusing these conditions and trying to paint a negative image of Arabs in the public mind in the world and also the importance of translation in intercultural relations, interests Abundant for the Arabs in these relations, etc., are among the issues that have a high frequency in the book due to their importance in the eyes of Abdu Abboud.

Comparative literature is a branch of literature critisism. All of the works which have been published till now can be divided to four main categories: first one is about Theorizing in this field. The second category is those in which the author compares subjects in two different languages. In the third category the author combines the two previous methods. Which means that the work simultanously consists of both theorizing and comparative literature. In the fourth category the author presents a detailed report about letarates’ works according to his own researches. The book written by Essam Behi is in the fourth category. In this article the author has studied the work’s structure and content according to the specialized terms and the author’s wills. Considering the appropriateness of the content with the title, the list and the appropriateness of the book with teaching in the university and updating the information and referring to reliable sources, evaluating the book in terms of innovation and fidelity of its author, finding the best features and shortcomings and its compatibility with Islamic culture, author of this article has suggested some points to improve the book. It seems that after the edits and suggestions take effect on this book, it will be a proper reference for Arabic language and literature graduates in university

The structuralism in literary approach is one of the approaches that have been highly concentrated by scholars and critics over the last century, and many literary works have been studied on this basis . The book “ Arroa Al-Moghanna’a” is one if the outstanding works of the prominent contemporary Arab critic, Kamal AbuDeeb . in this book , he tried to analyze pre - islamic poetry , inspired by the approaches of literary criticism in the west and based on structuralism , by criticizing the traditional approaches and stereotypes about pre - islamic poetry . in this article we have tried to criticize and examine this effect by a descriptive - analytical and critical approach The results of thisresearch show that the dominant approach to this book is not structural and is more poststructuralist . Despite worthwhile scrutiny about hidden codes and archetypes in the pre-Islamic poems , the use of different approaches in analysis, the vast volume ofpages, the author 's detailed explanation , the use of complex tables and diagrams and the use of abbreviations which are some of his own , makes the book as boring and boring . of course , this deficiency is not of the scientific and research value of the book and should be considered as an invaluable part of the analysis of ancient arabic poetry based on modern approaches of literary criticism .

One of the most challenging courses in Arabic language and literature is literary criticism. The course has a long history in Iranian universities. Several sources and books have been defined for teaching in this course. One of the most important Arabic sources in this field is the book "Fi al-Naqd al-Adabi" (1972) by the contemporary Lebanese author Abdul Aziz Atiq. This book is one of the oldest Arabic books in the field of literary criticism, which is used as an academic source in Iran and many Arab countries. This book is compiled in 380 pages and ten chapters. In the first six chapters, the author analyzes the word "literature" as one of the keywords of the topic of the book and then analyzes the origin, formation, and meaning of this word. Afterward, explain the relationship between literature and psychology and then discusses the elements and types of literature. The book includes; explanation of literary schools in the West, the definition of critique, the definition of expression, function, and its purpose. Different methods in literary criticism and discussion related to plagiarism are other chapters of the book. The structure of this book is principled and methodical. It regularly presents theoretical contents. But in the practical collation of the literary texts, it has not achieved much success. Lack of citation in quotations, plagiarism, inconsistency in submitting and making delay in discussions, ignoring the views and opinions of prominent contemporary critics, mentioning unrelated issues to the subject, etc. are all the defects of the contents of this book.

Al-Adab va Al-Nosos le Gheyreh Al-Nateghin bel-Arabiyah written by Hassan Khamis AlMaliji is a textbook written and designed with the aim of teaching Arabic verse and prose texts on advanced level to non-Arabic learners. The present article with descriptive-analytic method by considering special criteria of textbooks aims to evaluate and criticize the mentioned book. Meanwhile, it aims to express the formal and content features along with the shortcomings and advantages of the book for the target society. The results of this study indicate that aside from formal issues, considering the advantages like content comprehensiveness, structural coherence, lessons’ presentation method, simple and fluent language, and the compatibility with moral and religious principles it could be used as one of the secondary sources for teaching texts lesson in Arabic language and literature undergraduate course.