نشریه مطالعات خلیج فارس
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 23، زمستان 1399)

Throughout history, geopolitics has been the most influential factor in regulating the international system. Countries and regions that have a geopolitical position are considered as centers of transition of power and new order. Given the transition situation in the world order, the fundamental question is what is the geopolitical position of Iran and its surrounding strategic environment, including the Persian Gulf, and its consequences in the new order? In response, it can be said that the two world regulatory powers are in a synergistic structure with Iran, namely China and Russia, on the one hand, and the existence of Iranian network areas such as the Persian Gulf and geopolitical maritime areas such as the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean and onshore areas such as Shamat, Eurasia, Caucasus and Caucasus. Has increased its geopolitical mapping power, In a way that has introduced Iran as one of the main centers in the formation of the strategic field and the new strategic super-network. In the emerging order, meanwhile, the Persian Gulf is the maritime geopolitical sequence and maritime geopolitical belt of the new East-based superlattice. The new super grid has two maritime geopolitical layers starting from the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman and the Indian Ocean to the North Pacific, and the land layer starting from Chinaand Russiaand the China-Mongolia-Chinacorridor to Eastern Europeand the Shamat Basin.

Bahrain,asaland with aspecial geographicaland historical position and conditions, has played a decisiverolein the history and social life of thecoastal residents of thesouthern shores of the Persian Gulf beforethe 14th (AH)/19th (AD) century. It is important to study each one in understanding the historical identity of this fertile land. Hisbah is one of the most important institutions in thesocial life of the people of Bahrain. which during theIslamic period has played a decisiverolein maintaining theidentity and heritage of the people of this land and maintaining their social cohesion. It is very important to study the nature of this institution and its position in different historical circumstances, considering the presence and role of scholars in Bahrain. The study of this institution shows that Bahrain, based on historicalconditionsand needsin thefield ofeconomy, livelihood and social life, paysattention to the basic principle of connecting scholars with the masses of society in order to protect society’s interests against tyrannical governments. They have used it to create order,security and socialcohesion. Thisresearch with a historicalapproach and descriptive-analytical method and using library sources seeks to answer the basic question that according to the rule of Shi’ism in the Safavid era, what was the social role of the Hisbah institution in Bahrain during this period? And what factors have been instrumental in creating these special historical conditions in the role of the Hisbah institution in Bahrain?It isassumed that dueto the deep connection between geographicalconditionsand politicaland social practices, a special pattern based on the institution of Hisbah has prevailed in Bahrain, and during some periods of historical history has been able to play a decisive role in the flourishing of the social life of Bahraini society

During the discussions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1948, the issue of standardization of geographical names was raised, especially in relation to mapping services. One of the important aspects related to geographical names is the legal aspect of registration or its changes in areas such as human rights and sovereignty ofcountries. The use ofsome other namesin front of the name of the Persian Gulf for this waterway, well justifies the need for international legal discussions in thisarea. Expert group the United Nations Geographical Names (UNGEGN) is one of the specialized groups of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, which in its twenty-third session (2006) examines the legal, geographical and historical validity of the name of the Persian Gulf. At this meeting, the UN panel of experts believes that for centuries there has never been such a consensus among writers and historians in the Middle East on such a name. In the statements of this specialized group, on the one hand, historical recordsand on the other hand, some documentsand treatiesconfirming the name of the Persian Gulf have been mentioned. This article, by studying the library and using a descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the view of the Economicand Social Council,concludes thataccording to thesources inArticle 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, renaming the Persian Gulf is contrary to international law.

Rarely found in the Persian Gulf region, are predictable behavior and ‎reliable relationships ‎being among the prerequisites for developing regions. Describing the status of Trans-Persian-‎Gulf relations under the concept of Zero Trust Security Architecture (ZTSA) and ‎concentrating on energy cooperation, this paper is to introduce an operational solution and an ‎effective mechanism to reverse the cycle of securitization of the Trans-Persian-Gulf issues. ‎The question raised here is: “why and how can Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) be ‎applied to build trust and increase certainty in the Trans-Persian-Gulf relations?” To answer ‎the why part of this question, this paper finds on the one hand the “unparalleled capabilities of ‎the blockchain trust building machine, such as providing operational transparency, traceability, ‎auditability, security, reliable and unmanipulated data, and most importantly guaranteeing the ‎implementation of prearranged agreements” and on the other hand “the need of the Islamic ‎world, the nations of the region especially Iran to implementing Endogenous Security and ‎acquiring and accumulating wealth to achieve dignity and authority” of considerable ‎importance. Appling the above technology lies also in the field of energy, and a blockchain ‎consortium, Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), can be established to manage, ‎plan and to operate a common energy project in the region with the Distributed Participation ‎of the beneficiary governments. This paper is descriptive-analytical (qualitative) and utilizes ‎abductive reasoning and individual inference power to answer the why part, and for the how ‎part, it uses deductive reasoning. This paper also concludes that the gate of Decentralized ‎Energy Cooperation (DEC) in the Persian Gulf is to be found in the shared oil and gas fields.‎

The strategic region of the Persian Gulf has always been one of the most important regions in the world. The existence of rich resources and the connection of the Persian Gulf with the great blue regions of the world, has made this region one of the most important strategic regions in the world and in terms of geopolitical and geostrategic theories, is the most international region in the world that provides an important space for actors. Is. Today, due to the fundamental role of energy resources, especially oil and gas in the global economy, security and stability of this region has been the main concern of the Persian Gulf countries and the world. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question of what are the ways to ensure the security of the Persian Gulf by emphasizing Karl Deutsch’s theory of convergence. In this paper, we use the descriptive-analytical method, relying on written library resources and Internet articles, and using Karl Deutsch’s convergence theory for reasons such as religiouscommonalities,common geopolitics,and common energy interests, to make decisions that with the consensus, cooperation and solidarity of the countries in this field to get out of regional disputes and ensure the security of the Persian Gulf.

From the past until now, culture and climate have been very important topics in architectural studies. Thus, the recognition of these two important principles in the indigenous architecture of each region is done in order to design a place that is compatible with the lifestyle and compatible with the climate. But unfortunately what has been forgotten in today’s architecture under the pretext of globalization, these rich cultural values and climate issues which has led to problems such as alienation of the building for users. It is clear that if the right policy on recognizing and applying the principles of native architecture is not designed and implemented, we cannot be sure that this precious heritage and valuable achievement can play a strong role as a support for the architecture of this generation and future generations. Therefore, the present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, has introduced the nativearchitecture of Bushehr provinceas one of the most famous geographical regions in the world, which is located on the highway of political, cultural and economic exchanges. Findings show that the culture of the people and climate of this area has an undeniable effect on the formation of its architectural elements and emphasizes the need to continue to use those elements with a principled understanding and not merely a formal imitation in today’s architecture.