نشریه علوم به زراعی گیاهی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

To investigate the weed response to ecosystems of local and high-yield rice cultivars at different planting dates in direct cultivation by dry-bed seeding, an experiment was conducted in the form of a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shavor Research Station. The main plot of planting date in three levels (June 15, June 25, and July 5) and four rice cultivars including two local cultivars Champa and Red-anbori and cultivars High-yielding and improved Danial and Shafagh was grown as a subplot at each planting date. According to the results, the highest and lowest number of weeds in the sampling on the first and second planting dates were obtained with an average of 123 and 61 plants, respectively. Among rice cultivars, the lowest weed density was observed in sample in Danial cultivar. In this experiment, the predominant species in the samples were two weeds barnyard grass and chinese lantern. The rate of weed emergence was around 0.56 to 0.63 number per day. in all three planting dates in the range of 20-40 days after planting. Therefore, weed control and field care during this period is essential to achieve optimal grain production.

Wheat is one of the most basic and important sources of nutrition in the world. Finding a solution to reduce the effect of drought stress on its quantitative and qualitative performance can help countries to achieve greater food security. In order to investigate the effect of silicon on agro physiological properties of wheat under drought stress, this experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. During two cropping years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 It was carried out in the research farm of Karaj Soil and Water Institute Experimental treatments include drought stress at three levels without stress, mild stress and severe stress with 75, 50 and 25% of soil moisture usable as the first factor, respectively. And potassium silicate in four levels of non-use of control silicon and 20 kg , ha as soil used in stemming and concentrations of 2.5 and 5 kg , ha foliar application in stem stage, spike emergence and pasteurization stage as the second factor of cultivar was implemented in two years. The results of analysis of variance showed the effect of drought stress and silicon on grain yield, spike length, stem diameter, plant height, chlorophyll a concentration were significant. The results showed that in the interaction of non-drought stress with foliar application of 5 kg , ha, the best grain yield was 7892.00 kg. Based on the results of the present study, it seems the application of silicon as soil application and foliar application has improved grain yield.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc nanochlate treatments including control (foliar application with distilled water), concentrations of iron and zinc nanocholate (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/l) on morphological characteristics of coriander in 2019-2020 performed in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications in experimental plots. The results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, total and carotenoids was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate and the highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained in the treatments of 2 g/l iron and zinc nanoclate. The highest leaf area was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate with an amount of 3230 cm2. The highest number of umbel was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate with 25.33. The highest plant height was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l zinc nanoclate with a rate of 102.33 cm. The highest 1000-seed weight , highest number of seeds per umbel and the highest number of sub-branches of the plant(with the amount of 11.33) was obtained in the treatments of 2 g/l zinc and iron nanoclate. In general, the results of this study confirm that foliar application of iron and zinc nanoclate treatments had an effect on the growth properties of coriander, so according to the results and considering the positive effect of the studied treatments, it can be Suggested application of iron and zinc nanoclates in coriander nutritional programs.

Weeds are one of the most important factors threatening agricultural products with high yield and quality. Ethalfluraline is a selective herbicide from the dinitroaniline group and is available in the market under the Sonalan brand. The main purpose of allelopathic research is to provide evidence for the interference of chemicals under natural conditions and the introduction of alchemicals that inhibit other plants and microorganisms in the natural or agricultural ecosystem. This experiment was performed to investigate the allelopathic effect of rapeseed and Sonalan herbicide on germination and some characteristics of cotton using a factorial design in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments used include the amount of canola residues (soil without residues, 5% residues, 10% residues, 15% residues and the amount of Sonalan herbicide without herbicide application, 1.5-2 liters per hectare, 2-3 liters per hectare. In general, it showed that Sonalan herbicide in the amounts used for cotton fields did not have a significant effect on the germination of yield components and related traits in cotton plants and decreased by 12%. However, the height of the crop plant, the number of nodes on the stem and the number of leaves of the crop plant were not affected by the amount of residues. Dry weight of cotton 90 days after planting was significantly affected by residue level.

In order to investigate the effect of sowing date on yield and dry matter redistribution in maize hybrids in Ahvaz. This experiment in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2020-2021, it was performed at the station of Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in the southwest of AhvazThe main factor of planting date was August 1, 10 and 20 and the sub-factor of hybrids SIMON, PL712, K.S.C703 and K.S.C704 (control),were evaluated in three replications. The results of analysis of variance showed the effect of sowing date on number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, number of seeds per ear, 1000-seed weight, ear length, plant height, ear length, grain yield, harvest index, re-transfer rate, efficiency Remittance, current photosynthesis rate, current photosynthesis efficiency, remittance share and current photosynthesis share were significant. There was a statistically significant difference between the studied hybrids in number of seeds per ear row, 1000-seed weight, ear length, plant height, seed yield and harvest index. The results showed that PL712 cultivar had the highest yield of 9294.217 kg on the 20th of July. With a delay in the planting date and the encounter of the pollination period with more favorable climatic conditions, Among the hybrids studied, Performance traits and performance components increased.

The irrigation with a magnetic water increases the yield of plants by improving solubility and the nutrient availability in the soil profile. Furthermore, methanol spraying as a source of carbon dioxide, which increases the concentration of this gas around the plant, enhances the photosynthesis and plant yield. This study was conducted to evaluate soybean reaction by irrigation with different magnetic field intensities and foliar application of different concentrations of methanol in the research field at the Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University-Sanandaj branch, during two consecutive years (2017–2018). The experiment was designed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Different intensities of magnetic water (0, 4, 8, 12 mTesla) were used in the main plot and foliar application of methanol concentrations (distilled water: control, 10, 20 and 30% v/v) in sub-plots. The results showed that the height of first axillary stem decreased significantly, but grain yield, biomass, oil and protein yield were significantly higher in treatments with magnetic water. Grain yield, increased by magnetic irrigation with 4, 8 and 12 mT intensities, compared to the control, by 45.56, 70.05 and 72.19%, respectively. Also the all characters were significantly affected by methanol spraying× year interactions. The interactions of magnetic water × methanol foliar applications were significant in some characters. However, based on interaction effect, the superiority of the studied traits was evident in the second year under the influence of magnetic water at 8 mT and 20% methanol.

Caper (Caparis spinosa L.) is a herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Capparidaceae family. The different species of Caparis are valuable plants which have used as a medicine, food and spices. This research was conducted for evaluation of oil percent and fatty acids composition of some caper genotypes in several regions of south Iran. Oil extraction and determination of fatty acids were done by Soxhlet and Gas Chromatography, respectively. The oil percent in studied genotypes varied from 21.10% (Dashte-arzhan genotype) to 29.70% (Noor Abad genotype). In caper seed oils, 12 different fatty acids were identification. The highest amounts of saturated fatty acids were related to palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acids (C18:0). Also, linoleic acid C18:2(n-6), oleic acid C18:1(n-9) and plmitoleic acid (C16:1) were the main unsaturated fatty acids. The highest amount of linoleic acid (46.74%), palmitoleic acid (2.93) and oleic acid (37.92%) were observed in Noorabad, Kaskan and Parishan genotypes, respectively. The highest and the least value of unsaturated fatty acids were measured in Saadat-shahr and Ghaleh-sefid genotypes. In over all, according to obtained results, there are noticeable variation were observed among caper genotypes in terms of oil percent and fatty acid components. Seed oils of caper due to possess noticeable unsaturated fatty acids, which are important role on human health can be consideration as plants oil resources.

In order to investigate the effect of the duration and combination of priming on the most important physiological traits and yield of wheat (cv. Mehrgan), a factorial research was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications in the agricultural year of 2018-2019 in Khorramshahr city. The treatments include the duration of seed priming in three levels (including 2, 4 and 6 hours) and types of priming in 4 levels (including hydropriming (distilled water), hormonal priming of salicylic acid with a concentration of 50 ppm, hormonal priming of gibberellic acid with a concentration of 100 ppm and urban tap water (witnesses) were performed. The interaction between duration and combination of seed priming had a significant effect on the number of spikes per unit area, number of seed per spike and seed yield. The highest seed yield in the treatment of soaking seeds for 6 hours in hormonal compounds (with an average of 445.02 g.m-2) and the lowest seed yield (with an average of 322.41 g.m-2) belongs to the treatment of soaking seeds for 2 hours in normal water. In general, field priming of wheat seeds with hormonal compounds (gibberellic and salicylic acid) for 6 hours can be effective in increasing the physiological traits and yield of wheat and the plant shows more reaction than other applied treatments.

This study aims to prepare a paternal parent (pollinator) tolerant to drought stress using full sib families in the Karaj region in Motahhari's station of Sugar Beet Research Institute in 2015 in conditions without stress (based on water needs) and drought stress. For this purpose, an experiment in the form of a split-plot design was conducted with 13 full sib families, two drought-tolerant cultivars (IR7) and (stable), and a normal genotype (191) as control cultivars, with the main factor consisting of two levels (irrigation with drought stress and irrigation without stress) and the sub-factor of all sister families and control genotypes implemented in four replications for one year. After emergence, irrigation treatments were used in both instances (at least twice irrigation). At a probability threshold of 1% and 5%, respectively, the results revealed a statistically significant difference between irrigation treatments for root production and gross sugar output. As a result, a stable cultivar has the largest production of these two qualities.Furthemore, in the two modes of regular watering and stress, the mean root output in the examined families revealed a significant difference at the one percent probability level. Drought stress (SI = 0.72) lowered root and sugar yields. Cultivar 3, origin S1-930637, also has the greatest percentage of gross sugar and the highest drought tolerance index.

This research was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design in a pot with four replications. The studied treatments include salinity of irrigation water as irrigation with ordinary water (0.4) (control) and with salinity of 4 and 8 dS/m and seed priming including no priming and seed priming in 25 and 50 mM of hydrogen peroxide solutions. In this experiment, the number of spikes per pot, number of spikelets per spike, number of seeds per spikelet, 1000-grain weight, root dry weight, grain yield and grain protein were investigated. In this study, the effect of salinity of irrigation and hydrogen peroxide on all studied traits were significant. The interaction effect of salinity of irrigation and hydrogen peroxide on the studied traits except grain number per spikelet and grain protein were significant. The maximum root dry matter (0.95 g/pot) and grain yield (7.49 g/pot) were observed under irrigation with normal water and application of 50 mM hydrogen peroxide and the minimum root dry matter (0.82 g/pot) and grain yield (3.17 g/pot) was obtained at salinity of 8 dS/m and non-application of hydrogen peroxide. The maximum grain protein (14.25%) was obtained in the application of 50 mM hydrogen peroxide and the minimum protein percentage (11.05%) was obtained under irrigation with normal water. In general, the application of hydrogen peroxide can be effective in increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat and reducing the effect of salinity of irrigation water and it can be considered and recommended by researchers and farmers.

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on yield and yield components of sweet sorghum, this research carried out in the research center of sugarcane and related industries in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha of nitrogen and the sub plots included 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha of phosphorus. The results showed that the interaction effect of phosphorus and nitrogen consumption on sweet sorghum grain yield was not significant. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments on biological yield, grain yield, 1000 seed weight and number of seeds per panicle was significant at the 1% probability level. The highest grain yield with 2500 kg/ha was assigned to the nitrogen treatment of 150 kg/ha and the lowest grain yield with 1900 kg/ha was observed in the nitrogen treatment of 50 kg/ha. The highest and lowest grain yields in phosphorus treatment were assigned to 120 (2300 kg/ha) and 60 (2000 kg/ha) of pure phosphorus per hectare, respectively. In general, the highest grain yield was observed in the fertilizer treatment of 150 kg of nitrogen and 120 kg of phosphorus, and the difference between this treatment and the fertilizer combination of 150 kg of nitrogen and 90 kg of phosphorus was not significant. Therefore, the second fertilizer combination was recommended to achieve optimal yield, although more research is needed in this regard.