نشریه هیستوبیولوژی دامپزشکی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 11، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasite infection that reported in most places, and prevalence in different parts of the world. It is the third important disease in the world, which transmitted though biological vectors. 12 to 15 million people in many countries in the world are infected to leishmaniasis, and about occurs 2 million new cases of leishmaniasis in the world. According to the extracts of garlic and walnut leaves and honey are great therapeutic importance. To certainty, studied the products of the plants and honey in mouse model Balb/C. The result of this study showed extract of garlic therapeutic haven’t effect on leishmania amastigotes. But walnut leaves had effective therapeutic effects, also showed honey has the effect of different concentrations, on effective treatment for infection. But shows effect proportion extract of walnut leaves and the difference is statistically significant. To attention to the result of this study and effectiveness of walnut leaves, it is hoped that to be able to use them in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis effective steps can be taken.

Digestive tract in avian there is from oral cavity until cloaca. Esophagus for foodstuffs transport, Crop for food temporary storage and Proventriculus and Gizzard for chemical and mechanical digestion are considerable importance in avian digestive system. In this respect there is no anatomical research performed on pheasant family as guinea fowl. For this study 20 adult male and female guinea fowl were selected and this organs were anatomically studied. Then we have done morphometrical study from esophagus, crop, proventriculus, isthmus and gizzard. Macroscopic results were basically the same as other poultry. Anatomical Special Features and different were in the crop and proventriculus. Crop was Pear shaped and proventriculus is curvature tube shaped. T student result there is no significance difference in the size of males and females in this organs. The results of this therefore , can be used as the basic anatomical knowledge is this species. Key words: Anatomy, esophagus, stomach, guinea fowl.

Evaluation of outbreak and incidence of lice in domestic chickens as a food source of villagers and less developed areas is one of the most important health concerns to reduce the feed conversion rate and improving the production efficiency of this type of birds. The aim of this study is microscopic examination of the prevalence and outbreak of different species of lice in native birds of Shahrekord and suburban areas of this city in 1396 to 1397. Data collection started from November 2017 to May 2018 from 200 native birds of Shahrekord city and suburban areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province that carried out at the flocks and also samples referred to the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahrekord University. The identification method was performed using optical microscope and diagnostic keys. The results of this study indicate that 60 percent (120 infected specimens) are contaminated with lice and 40 percent are non-contaminated among native birds. The amount of infection to any lice was based on the number of isolated, including 42 cases of Menacanthus stramineus, 55 cases of Menopon gallinae, 30 cases of Goniodes dissimilis and 10 cases of Magnina cubitalis.

In the current study, 490 cattle (293 female and 197 male) were inspected at Urmia abattoir. In these inspections, 17 cattle (3.4%) had splenic lesions and that of these, 6 animals had some lesions in other organs in addition to the spleen. Tissue sampling from abnormal spleens was performed. After tissue fixation, sections with 6 μ in thickness were prepared and stained by hematoxylin and eosin method. In the macroscopic inspection lesions such as splenomegaly, change of tissue consistency, color change and cyst had more abundance compared to other lesions. In the microscopic pathological evaluations, hemosiderosis, parenchymal fibrosis, tumor, necrosis, hemorrhage and focal necrosis areas were found in damaged spleens. In statistical analysis, color changes of the spleen between breed groups and consistency change of the spleen between sex groups showed significant difference (p<0.05). Indeed, abundance of injured spleens had a significant relation with age and sex of slaughtered cattle (p<0.05).

The disease of Nosma is from a mature bee, caused by the Nosema spp. An opportunistic agent that forms spores inside the cell and expands rapidly as it leaves the cell, and is recognized as an important insect pathogen. Nozma is one of the most serious fungal diseases of mature honey bees, which is present all over the world, and is created by two species of nosma apis and nozma serana, and it spreads to all three bees in the hive. The purpose of this study was to describe how to determine the type of spore of the disease of Nozma caused by the development of this disease, which was carried out in several apiaries in the province of Ilam. In this research, a sample of adult bees from a number of apiaries was taken up by 70% alcohol by a glass of alcohol content and sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty , University of Ilam. Consequently, Nosma spores were observed with the help of a microscope, in form of large, elliptical, white and bright and uniform. The number of spores in the honey bee was counted and determined using a special formula. A common drug in the past has been fomaglin. Therefore, fomagelin is used in Iran and prevents the development of Nozma.

Protozoan parasites of pyroplasma are the important pathogens of domestic animals and wildlife. These organisms, due to the illness and death of domestic animals, and the importance of the transfer of some of its genus and species to humans, cause many economic and health damages around the world it turns out. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of parasites on 210 cows with suspected jaundice in spring and summer of 1395-96 in Savadkouh city. After the clinical examination and observation of clinical signs such as fever, enlargement of the lymph nodes, pallor or jaundice of the animals, suspected jaundice were considered, and blood dilatation from the vein was made to examine the parasites. The blood plate was extracted with 96-degree methanol and stained with Giemsa colored lab and examined by optical microscope. The results of this study showed that 10.47% of the tested cows were infected with Theileria and 6.67% infected with Babesia and 1.9% infected with Anaplasma. In this study, 2 cases (0.9%) of Theileria and Anaplasma and 8 cases (81.3%) were associated with Theileria and Babesia infection. Therefore, in view of the presence of blood parasites in the region of the cows and the importance of arthropods in their transmission, it is possible to combat these arthropods in order to control the above-mentioned contaminations, in addition to treating suspected contaminated animals.

Squirrel is a wild mammal which is kept as a pet during last decade in Iran and therefore the numbers of referred cases to the clinics have been increased. Excretory urography refers to a series of radiographs taken of the kidneys, their collecting or drainage system (the ureters), and the bladder. Excretory urography may be performed to detect a problem in the position, shape and size of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Intravenous urography (IVU) is the most practical method; other urography techniques were manipulated because of difficulties for finding veins in IVU, due to small size of the patients. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of subcutaneous injection of iodixanol in providing a safe and diagnostic urogram in Persian squirrel. Thirteen hundred mg iodine per kilogram body weight of iodixanol was injected subcutaneously over shoulder area in ten Persian squirrels. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were taken every 5 minutes until the pyelogram was finished. The kidneys of squirrels were bean shaped their size were approximately 1.78×0.79 cm in ventrodorsal view for both kidneys. The squirrel’s kidneys were approximately 2.00 t0 2.64 times the length of the second lumbar vertebral body in ventrodorsal view.