Journal of Chemical Reviews
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

Pigments are chemical compounds in the particulate form with colour imparting ability. The colour of pigments depends on their chemical structure. They are widely used as colourants by many industries in their formulation however it is sometimes not clear if the pigment particles reside at the interface or not. Coloured emulsions and foams are an essential class of dispersed systems where significant development is still needed, specifically in terms of different strategies to impart colour itself. Investigating the behaviour of pigment particles at fluid−fluid interfaces will help understand the microstructure of pigment-containing products. This is particularly important in an industrial context meaning that formulations containing pigments and interfaces may be simplified and possibly the colour of different products can easily be tuned to suit customer choice. In this review article, a brief account of pigment chemistry is provided, and a short literature review on pickering emulsions stabilized by pigment particles is given.

Fungal mycelia and higher edible fungi are considered as an attractive alternative for chitin and chitosan biopolymers production due to different reasons. They have a variety of unique physicochemical and biological characteristics. Despite their many benefits, commercial products now available rely on marine sources rather than fungal cell walls. Recently, the investment of fungal chitinous polymers into commercial products is encouraging and will increase soon because of their proven properties. Many studies continue to be reported on the development and optimization of both production processes and extraction procedures. As a consequence, once their economic feasibility has been proved, similar procedures will be easily scaled up to industrial levels. Furthermore, when the appropriateness of these biopolymers for specific applications is established, interest in their commercialization will grow, resulting in a greater range of commercial goods based on fungal chitinous polymers. Through the following titles, this chapter aims to highlight the chitin and chitosan importance from fungal origin, as alternatives of synthetic chemicals and those from crustacean origin, for usage in various fields due to their useful traits and environmentally-compatible characteristics.

This work explores soft drugs and their configuration for drug delivery. Compared with the stimulated soft compound, soft drugs have a fast metabolism and exert their therapeutic effects. They are organically active drugs, carefully formulated to have a predictable and controllable absorption near harmless compared with sedentary products. The broader neurometabolic drug plan concept depends on the soft drug configuration. This is usually accomplished by using close analogues of proven lead compounds and an ester as a metabolically delicate weakness. A rationally designed or accidentally developed soft drug has proven clinically useful. The idea of neurometabolic drug plans relies upon the configuration of soft drugs. This method is immensely flexible and can be implemented to create inventive, new substances in a widespread helpful field. A metabolically, especially hydrolytically labile moiety, is attached to the construction to control and direct digestion.

Molecules with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring structures have potential pharmacological relevance. These organic molecules are potentially reported for their medicinal importance. In this mini-review, different strategies for the synthesis of biologically important molecules of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring are briefly summarized. Antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, molluscicidal, hypoglycemic, anticonvulsant, and antiprotozoal activities of the title compounds are also briefly reviewed. Significant papers were chosen and compiled the report until March 2022.

The spike in the spontaneous discharge of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere and oil spills on land are placing the environment and natural systems under threat. These two contemporary challenges are heightened by the excessive exploitation of fossil fuels, coiled with rising energy demand pooled by population growth, and industrialization. Therefore, the quest for clean, low-cost, and sustainable energy is environmentally and economically driven. Energy from biomass especially biodiesel is poised to take a lead as an alternative to conventional diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, and less potent to GHG emissions. Hence, this paper put together the merits and demerits of the various renewable sources of energy, alongside the biodiesel production processes and output of some countries for the year 2020, which fell short of reporting. The first segment of this paper highlights the potential of biodiesel and its advantages over other renewable energies. The production output and various parametric effects were subsequently discussed for optimum biodiesel production. Then, the economic feasibilities and environmental benefits of biodiesel were emphasized among other attractive attributes of the fuel and enumerate gaps for future exploration.