فهرست مطالب

Frontiers in Health Informatics
Volume:11 Issue: 1, 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/06/22
  • تعداد عناوین: 27
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  • Gholamreza Moradi, Shadi Gholizade, Reyhaneh Rostami, Fateme Moghbeli Page 100
    Introduction

    Nurses and medical staff and health technologists as the largest segment of the health system are the main users of health information systems that understanding the perspective and how to use this system can be effective in i mproving the quality of community health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Sib system of health centers in Bojnourd and Neishabour.

    Material and Methods

    This is an applied study and was performed by descriptive cross - sectional method. The study population included all users of the Sib system in the health centers of Bojnourd and Neishabour who used the Sib system. Sampling was available and data were colle cted using a researcher - made questionnaire and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

    Results

    According to the findings of the study, the majority of users were 70% female and 30% male, 58% were in the age group of 30 - 39 years, and 40% of them had 5 - 9 years of work experience and also 63% of System users have a bachelor's degree. In the technical field, from the point of view of 40% of users, the ease of using the system is moderate.

    Conclusion

    Based on the identified factors, by strengthening the advantages of the system and also trying to eliminate or reduce the shortcomings in it, it is possible to institutionalize and use the system more practically in order to solve health problems.

    Keywords: System, SIB, Evaluation, Performance
  • Vinu Sherimon, P.C. Sherimon, Rahul V. Nair, Renchi Mathew, Sandeep M. Kumar, Khalid Shaikh, Hilal Khalid Al Ghafri, Huda Salim Al Shuaili Page 101
    Introduction

    Humankind is passing through a period of significant instability and a worldwide health catastrophe that has never been seen before. COVID - 19 spread over the world at an unprecedented rate. In this context, we undertook a rapid research project in the Sultanate of Oman. We developed ecovid19 application, an ontology - based clinical decision support system (CDSS) with teleconference capability for easy, fast diagnosis and treatment for primary health centers/Satellite Clinics of th e Royal Oman Police (ROP) of Sultanate of Oman.

    Material and Methods

    The domain knowledge and clinical guidelines are represented using ontology. Ontology is one of the most powerful methods for formally encoding medical knowledge. The primary data was fr om the ROP hospital's medical team, while the secondary data came from articles published in reputable journals. The application includes a COVID - 19 Symptom checker for the public users with a text interface and an AI - based voice interface and is available in English and Arabic. Based on the given information, the symptom checker provides recommendations to the user. The suspected cases will be directed to the nearby clinic if the risk of infection is high. Based on the patient's current medical condition i n the clinic, the CDSS will make suitable suggestions to triage staff, doctors, radiologists, and lab technicians on procedures and medicines. We used Teachable Machine to create a TensorFlow model for the analysis of X - rays. Our CDSS also has a WebRTC (We b Real - Time Communication system) based teleconferencing option for communicating with expert clinicians if the patient develops difficulties or if expert opinion is requested.

    Results

    The ROP hospital's specialized doctors tested our CDSS, and the user i nterfaces were changed based on their suggestions and recommendations. The team put numerous types of test cases to assess the clinical efficacy. Precision, sensitivity (recall), specificity, and accuracy were adequate in predicting the various categories of patient instances.

    Conclusion

    The proposed CDSS has the potential to significantly improve the quality of care provided to Oman's citizens. It can also be tailored to fit other terrifying pandemics.

    Keywords: COVID-19, CDSS, teleconferencing, AI-Based X-Ray Analysis, ontology
  • Senait Samuel Bramo, Amare Desta Mamo, Munavvar Syedda Page 102
    Introduction

    Health care system is information - driven sector where Health Care Providers (HCPs) regularly deliver comprehensive health services based on the available, accessible, and reliable health information. However, there is lack of empirical evidence about the culture of current state of health information needs; sources and channels that used by the health professionals in Primary Level Health Care (PLHC) of Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to explore the health information needs, sources, and channels used by the health professionals in PLHC in Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia based on the information seeking and behavior need model.

    Material and Methods

    Ethnographic study design was employed using participant observation and key informant in - depth interviews as a data collection method. Observation and interviews data were entered on Qualitative Data Analysis mine software ver sion. The quotes and field notes were summarized and linked to the information seeking and behavior need model to generate new meaning.

    Results

    Consequently, HCPs demonstrated their needs of health promotive and disease preventive health information as co mpared to health information focusing on early diagnosis and treatment. The major purpose was to answer colleagues and patients’ question. The unpredictability of the health conditions and associated HCPs skepticism was a major precursor for a deliberate s earch of health information. Although it is pigeonholing HCPs in PLHC settings preferred formal channels of information and resources held in and delivered in digital format using mobile, computer, and Internet as compared to print and human sources. Furt hermore, the absence of library or resource center, shortage of ICT infrastructure, and poor information literacy skill were raised as reasons for unmet health information need in PLHC settings.

    Conclusion

    Thus, this study showed that the need for formal channels of information and suggests the establishment of reading/resource corners/centers and design, development, and implementation of information literacy module for HCPs in PLHC.

    Keywords: Ethnographic Methods, Health Care Providers, Information Seeking Behavior, Primary Health Care
  • Navid Hashemi Taba, Ahdieh Sadat Khatavakhotan Page 103
    Introduction

    Over the past decades, billions of people on Earth have used respirator masks to prevent animal - to - human and human - to - human virus transmission. Recent research has shown the low risk of surface transmission of COVID - 19, which turned into a pa ndemic since January 2020. Social distancing and the use of masks indoors are the most important factors in breaking its transmission chain.

    Material and Methods

    However, the use of contaminated respirator masks can cause dangerous microbial and viral dis eases. By adding the factor “avoiding microbial contamination”, the proposed model, called “Excellent Performance by Avoiding Microbial Contamination (EPBAMC)”, improves the WHO’s three - factor optimal - performance model of the respirator masks. In this stud y, to evaluate the need to add the factor of “avoiding contamination”, samples of brand - new respirator masks were collected from several countries and their microbial contamination was carefully studied. The research method was such that the research steps were performed with highest accuracy rate and no double infection was created.

    Results

    By culturing in sterilized medium, the bacterial load of the respirator masks was studied and the results were analyzed. By performing different cultures, a variety of pathogenic microorganisms were identified on half of the respirator mask samples. Some brand - new respirator mask samples contained more than one pathogen. A very important issue was that bacteria were found in brand - new respirators distributed by pharmaci es that cause nosocomial infections and are resistant to antibiotics.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study made it necessary to review the standards of the production and distribution process and the procedures for controlling and inspecting respirator ma sks.

    Keywords: Safety, Effectiveness, Pandemic, Microbial Contamination, Respirator Masks
  • Mohammadreza Firouzkouhi, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad, Jebraeil Farzi, Nosratolah Masinaienezhad Page 104
    Introduction

    Nurses play important roles in the Healthcare, responding to the care needs of patients with the ever - expanding Internet of Things Internet - based care programs. This is useful for patients to better self - care. The purpose of this systematic review is to ex plore nurses' experiences in using the Internet to care for patients.

    Material and Methods

    This was a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis modeled on the Joanna Briggs Methodology. Pre - defined keywords were searched for in Google scholar, Medline, Pub med, CINAHL, and Internet of Science to locate studies published in the English language in no time limit until the end of 2019. Two reviewers independently screened articles for congruence with eligibility criteria, engaged in data extraction , and assessed quality of the included studies. Meta - aggregation was performed to synthesize the findings. A protocol was developed by two members of the review team prior to initiation of the study.

    Results

    Six studies were included in the review, three qualitative researches, one grounded theory and two interpretive descriptive approaches. Three key themes were identified from the studies: Nurses and internet - based care plan; Patients and the internet - based care plan; challenge of the hospital in relatio n to the internet - based care plan.

    Conclusion

    N urses provide care to patients during the process of illness. Internet - based nursing care plans have created to facilitate the treatment and care, and to helps patients in self - care. Nurses face many challeng es and benefits in delivering internet - based care, yet they strive to do their best to provide better patient care using new technologies for patients.

    Keywords: Internet, Nursing, Qualitative Synthesis, Care, Experience
  • Sanaz Roohparvar, AhmadReza Mohammadi Samani Page 105
    Introduction

    Dental caries and lesions are one of the most common dental diseases worldwide, affecting a high percentage of the world's population. Research has shown that more than 90% of adults have experienced tooth decay, so early detection of dental lesions in the early stages is a major aspect of maintaining dental health.

    Material and Methods

    In order to diagnose decayed teeth, first, the difference between decayed teeth and healthy teeth was discussed. By first calling the OPG images and removing the inappropriate margins of the image. Then the gray - scale image was converted to binary and after removing the noise, thresholding was performed. Then we found the location of the white spots in the black image and displayed the processed image on the user interface .

    Results

    Computer image processing systems hav e been developed to be able to process and analyze images with better speed and accuracy. The proposed system has a good performance in diagnosing dental caries and the results show that the proposed system is reliable and optimal and as a clinical decisio n support system can help dentists in accurate and early diagnosis of dental caries at the initial level of caries .

    Conclusion

    In this article, using the advancement of technology that has been formed in recent years, we were able to provide a solution to facilitate medical science. With the science of image processing, eye errors that may cause problems during the diagnosis and recording of the disease in the process of recovery are significantly reduced .

    Keywords: image Processing, Tooth Decay, OPG images, OpenCv
  • Amirhosein Gholizadeh, Fateme Mohamadkhani, Farzaneh Kermani Page 106
  • Farahnaz Sadoughi, Rania Fahim El-Gazzar, Leila Erfannia, Abbas Sheikhtaheri Page 107
    Introduction

    Problems facing the health information systems and the potential of cloud computing make the use of this technology as a priority for healthcare organizations to migrate to the cloud. The purpose of the present study is to introduce a migration framework for health information systems to the cloud.

    Material and Methods

    This study is a Mix method research that was performed in the first stage to identify the relevant factors of a qualitative study until the initial design of the resu lting framework was obtained and, in the second phase using the two - stage quantitative Delphi method the framework was evaluated.

    Results

    The overall component of the proposed framework, which had 149 components consists of four layers of governmental, ex ecutive, organizational and technical three major groups of stakeholders in government, the service providers (CSPs) and the service consumers (CSCs).

    Conclusion

    Cloud computing is a new issue in the health, and the cloud migration process is one of the c ost - effective solutions for managing health information systems. Due to the lack of knowledge of health executives on cloud computing, they may not be able to make appropriate decisions on doing the migration. Thus, having a comprehensive framework in addi tion to enhancing the knowledge decision makers will help them make better decisions while at the same time planning a roadmap for successful migration.

    Keywords: Cloud Computing, Migration, Framework, Health, Health Information System
  • Azadeh Abkar, Amin Golabpour Page 108
    Introduction

    Diagnosis of high - risk maternal pregnancy is one of the most important issues during pregnancy and can be of great help to pregnant mothers. Also, early diagnosis can reduce mortality and morbidity in mothers.

    Material and Methods

    In this study, the data of 1014 pregnant mothers were used, which includes 272 people with high - risk pregnancies, 742 people with medium - risk and low - risk pregnancies. Also, the data include six independent variables. A combi nation of Bayesian belief network algorithms and particle optimization was used to predict pregnancy risk.

    Results

    For validation, the data model was divided into two sets of training and testing based on the method of 30 - 70. Then the proposed model was d esigned by training data. Then the model for training and testing data was evaluated in terms of accuracy parameters 99.18 and 98.32% accuracy were obtained, respectively. It has also performed between 0.5 and 8% better than similar work in the past.

    Conclusion

     In this study, a new model for designing Bayesian belief network was presented and it was found that this model can be useful for predicting maternal pregnancy risk.

    Keywords: High-Risk Pregnancy, Bayesian Belief Network, Particle Optimization, Data Mining
  • Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Baigi, MohammadReza Mazaheri Habibi Page 109
    Introduction

    Covid - 19 pandemic is spreading rapidly around the world. Given the high risk of transmission of the disease in order to curb the effects of the epidemic, governments and health care organizations must maximize the capacity of medical care, protective equipment and preventive measures. Therefore, in this study, the challenges and recommendations for the use and development of telemedicine technologies during the Covid - 19 epidemic were examined.

    Material and Methods

    A systematic review of English - language studies was conducted by searching for keywords in the authoritative scientific databases. Studies related to the challenges and recommendations of telemedicine at the time of the Covid - 19 epidemic were considered as inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were screened independently based on eligibility criteria. Complete texts were then retrieved and screened independently based on eligibility criteria. The checklist was used to extract data such as st udy title, first author name, year of publication, country, challenges and telemedicine recommendations during the Covid - 19 epidemic.

    Results

    In this study, the existing challenges and recommendations for the use and development of telemedicine technolog ies were examined. Challenges studied in the studies were include d three categories of human, managerial and technical challenges. Human factors , m anagement factors and t echnical factors

    Conclusion

    The results show ed that today human and managerial challenges play a more fundamental and important role than technical challenges. In addition, Covid - 19 emergencies are effective in addressing telemedicine challenges, and efforts are underway to expand telemedicine more ra pidly as a response to managing and controlling the outbreak of Covid - 19 epidemics.

    Keywords: Telemedicine, Digital Medical Care, Covid-19, Corona Virus, Epidemic
  • Atefeh Sadat Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi Page 110
    Introduction

    Documentation of medical records is the first and most important source of patient information collection. On the other hand, the correct registration of medical records is considered as one of the criteria of physicians' scientific skills. Therefore, the purpose of this study was a systemat ic review to examine the status of tools and methods for evaluating the documentation of physicians in the emergency department.

    Material and Methods

    This systematic review was performed in studies related to the evaluation of the documentation status of emergency department physicians. The studies were available from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Irandoc and SID databases by the end of 2020. Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently based on eligibility criteria. After that, the complete texts we re retrieved and independently reviewed by two researchers based on eligibility criteria. A standardized form was used to extract the data including study title, first author name, year s of study, place of study, number of samples, research method, tools, indicators studied and main findings.

    Results

    A total of 4693 related studies were extracted from the database and finally 40 main articles were included in the study. In 4 cases, the level of documentation was reported to be incomplete and undesirable by examining the registered files; In the other 4 cases, they estimated the amount of documentation as moderate to favorable. In 2 cases, the effect of education and in 2 cases, the effect of feedback and encouragement on documentation were measured. None of the studies provided a comprehensive tool for evaluating physicians' documentation of emergencies; Evaluation patterns were different in each study and were partially reviewed.

    Conclusion

    A review of research conducted in Iran and the world on documentin g physicians, especially in the emergency department, emphasizes the importance of continuing the process of patients. Consequently, the consequences are the same for all stakeholders in the medical record. In addition, the effect of feedback and encourage ment was more effective than training in improving documentation, so it is suggested that programs be applied for ongoing feedback to documentarians.

    Keywords: Assessment Tool, Documentation, Physicians, Emergency Department
  • Hassan Emami, Azamossadat Hosseini, Somayeh Paydar Page 111
    Introduction

    Chronic respiratory diseases are one of the four main groups of non - communicable diseases. People with these diseases need access to data to manage their disease and care plan. Personal health record (PHR) as a powerful health information technology tool can empower chronic patients to better manage their health status and become an active member of health care teams. Thi s study is to determine the minimum data set (MDS) in personal health record for patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

    Material and Methods

    This present applied research was done descriptively by Delphi method. First, the data sets of chronic respir atory diseases were extracted using a literature review. Then, using a researcher - made questionnaire and based on Delphi technique in two phases, it was evaluated by 5 pulmonologists.

    Results

    The PHR data set for chronic respiratory diseases was classifie d into six categories, including physical examination and clinical observation, laboratory data, medications, specialized treatments, diagnostic procedures and vaccination. The 33 data element were identified as the main data elements with an agreement of more than 80% in the first phase of Delphi technique. Also, in the second phase, the four data elements proposed by the experts in the first phase were agreed upon above 80%.

    Conclusion

    Given the role of PHR data in tracking the progress of chronic diseas es, treating, and teamwork by physicians and other care providers, determining the minimum data set will be an effective step toward integrating and improving information management in these patients.

    Keywords: Personal Health Record (PHR), Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Minimum Data Set (MDS)
  • Ladan Soltanzadeh, Amin Babazadeh Sangar, Kambiz Majidzadeh Page 112
    Introduction

    Telemedicine in the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID - 19) has responded to societal distancing in medical treatments by protecting health workers while also managing available resources. To attain best practices in telemedicine, a platform must be functional, and both patients and clinicians must be satisfied with the technology. To ensure the benefits of telehealth systems, usability refers to how easy the user interfaces of telehealth systems are to use. In this s tudy, the usability of telemedicine systems has been investigated.

    Material and Methods

    The authors of this study review the study from 2015 to 2021 using a combination of the keywords "health", "telemedicine", "telemedicine", "mobile health", "usability" "Software", "System" and "Program", which led to the extraction of 119 articles in this field.

    Results

    Articles in the field of remote health software and evaluation of the usability of remote health applications in the form of applications based on mobi le health technologies, web - based applications or a combination of both types with sample devices Primary are wearable electronics, sensors or robots.

    Conclusion

    In this study, most of the remote health software are mobile based and their usability has be en evaluated by a questionnaire. Satisfaction is the most important usability attributes to consider when designing Health mobile apps.

    Keywords: Healthcare, Telemedicine, Telehealth, Mobile Health, System, Software, Application, Usability
  • Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Masomeh Sarbaz, Kosar Ghaddaripouri, Nazanin Noori, Khalil Kimiafar Page 113
    Introduction

    Physical activity is a promising strategy to maintain the benefits gained after completing conventional pulmonary rehabilitation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the purpose of this study is a systematic review of randomized clinical trial and randomized controlled trials to investigate the effect of tele - rehabilitation on improv ing the physical activity of patients with COPD.

    Material and Methods

    A systematic review was conducted in randomized controlled clinical trial studies without time limit by searching for keywords in the title, abstract and study keywords in the valid sci entific databases Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed on October 20, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist; Studies with a score above 7 were analyzed. This study was conducted according to the P referred reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta - analysis (PRISMA).

    Results

    A total of 83 articles were identified. After screening the full text of the articles, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were classified into two categories: randomized trial (60%) and randomized clinical trial (40%). The technologies used included video conferencing, cloud - based platform, mobile application and telephone calls. In 60% of the studies, tele - rehabilitation interventions had similar improvements i n both control (face - to - face) and intervention (tele - technology) groups. However, in the rest , the intervention group reported a significant improvement compared to the control group.

    Conclusion

    The results of the present systematic review showed that alt hough in most studies tele - rehabilitation interventions have the same results as traditional interventions, a well - designed tele - rehabilitation program to improve the physical activity of patients with COPD can supplement or replace the program. It is a tr aditional rehabilitation and improves the patient's health.

    Keywords: Tele-rehabilitation, COPD, Physical Activity, Tele-Physiotherapy
  • Kosar Ghaddaripouri, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Nazanin Noori, MohammadReza Mazaheri Habibi Page 114
    Introduction

    Many children may experience anxiety in treatment settings, especially in situations such as before surgery, dentistry and radiology. Virtual reality technology can provide a platform for reducing children's anxiety by creating a sense of presence in an unreal world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual reality technology on reducing anxiety in children.

    Material and Methods

    A systematic review of randomized clinical trial studies was conducted in English without any time limit ation by searching for keywords in the reputable scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science on September 12, 2021. Studies using virtual reality technology to reduce pediatric trea tment anxiety were considered as inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were screened independently based on eligibility criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute (JBI) checklist. After that, complete texts were retrieved and independently reviewed based on eligibility criteria.

    Results

    A total of 197 related articles were obtained, 10 of which were relevant to the objectives of the research. Input studies included a total of 882 children aged 4 to 12 years. In 7 studies, virtual reality has helped reduce children's anxiety during treatment (70%). In 3 of the studied studies, no improvement was seen in reducing children's anxiety (30%). Of the studies found, 3 were related to reducing anxiety in dentistry, 4 were related to preoperative anxiety, 2 were related to radiographic anxiety, and 1 was related to preoperative anesthesia.

    Conclusion

    The results of systematic review show that virtual reality can make the treatment process more satisfactory and help manage their behavior by creating calmness and distraction, while reducing anxiety in children. However, due to the small sample size (small number of input studies), the evidence is not sufficient to prove the effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing pediatr ic treatment anxiety. Future studies are proposed to compare the effect of virtual reality technology on reducing treatment a nxiety in different age groups.

    Keywords: Anxiety, Virtual Reality, Child, Intelligent Health
  • Reyhane Norouzi Aval, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Masoumeh Sarbaz, Khalil Kimiafar Page 115
    Introduction

    The use of electronic prescribing has identified as a strategically important policy to improve health care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the issues related to security, privacy and privacy of electronic copying systems.

    Material and Methods

    A comprehensive review of studies were conducted that publi shed in English, free access to the full text of the article and without time limit ation , by searching for keywords in keywords, title and abstract of studies in valid scientific databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Embase in June 4, 2021. Two rese archers reviewed the title and content of searched studies independently. 137 related studies found and finally 25 main articles selected.

    Results

    In general, the results of the study showed that in some countries, there are still no minimum requirements and standards for these systems; But the use of security and privacy protocols has been used in various ways. However, according to other studies, most patients and physicians are concerned about the privacy and security of medical data in the context of t hese systems. In general, security in an electronic healthcare system includes the seven main components of user authentication, patient confidentiality, licensing issues, scalability, integrity, non - denial, and confidentiality of information sent, process ed, and stored.

    Conclusion

    In this study, different protocols were classified into 7 main components. Although there are different protocols to ensure security, privacy and confidentiality issues; But the lack of international security requirements poses a major challenge to the adoption of electronic transcription systems. Given that the majority of patients and physicians were concerned about the issues of privacy and security of medical data, it is necessary for policy makers and managers in this area t o pay attention to these issues before implementing these systems and provide a safe environment for implementing these systems. Provide patient privacy.

    Keywords: Electronic Copywriting, Privacy, Confidentiality, Security
  • Fatemeh Dinari, Roghayeh Ershad Sarabi, Esmat Mashouf, Khadijeh Moulaei Page 116
    Introduction

    Pregnant women are always faced with common physical and mental problems during pregnancy and postpartum. Self - care through social networks as an effective and influential fact or in women's empowerment can improve their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in improving women's self - care during pregnancy and postpartum.

    Material and Methods

    This cross - sectional study wa s conducted through a researcher - made questionnaire. We invited 285 pregnant women referred to Fasa medical centers (Shiraz, Iran). 110 pregnant women agreed to participate in the study. Finally, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 pregna nt women entered the study and completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency) and analysis of variance with SPSS 22.

    Results

    Among the 44 roles of social networks in the self - care processes during pregnancy and postpartum "regular use of drugs and supplements" ( 4.43 ± 0.81 ), "timely and regular tests (screening, etc.) , ultrasounds during pregnancy" ( 4.22 ± 0.90 ) and "communication with a public health expert in health homes" ( 4.07 ± 0.97 ) were the most important roles. " Management, control and improvement of foot edema " ( 1.71 ± 1.01 ), "Management and control of complications due to iron deficiency" ( 1.97 ± 1.11 ) and "Social support" ( 2.25 ± 1.17 ) were the least important roles. There was si gnificance relationship between education level, job, duration of membership in social networks and duration of use of social networks during the one day with demographic characteristics. There was no significant relationship between age and children at ho me with demographic characteristics of women.

    Conclusion

    Social networks as an important source of information can help to improve women's self - care processes during pregnancy and postpartum. Women during pregnancy and postpartum can easily find informati on about lifestyle, how to manage pregnancy side effects, manage psychological issues, and communicate with other pregnant women or treatment team by social networks.

    Keywords: Social Networks, Self-Care, Pregnancy, Postpartum
  • Olalekan Moses Olayemi, Ezinwanyi Madukoma, Haliso Yacob Page 117
    Introduction

    Health information literacy can play a critical role in controlling and managing tuberculosis. Low knowl edge of tuberculosis coupled with inadequate health information literacy may lead to poorer treatment outcome. Despite being one of the deadliest infectious diseases, there are few empirical studies on the health information literacy of tuberculosis patien ts in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the health information literacy of tuberculosis patients in DOT Centers in Lagos State, Nigeria.

    Material and Methods

    The study employed a survey design. The sampling method used was a multi - stage sampling method. A total of twelve DOT Centers were selected across the three senatorial districts. A sample size of 310 Tuberculosis patients was drawn using Taro Yamane formula. A structured and validated questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver 23).

    Results

    The findings of the study revealed that respondents had a high level of health information literacy in their ability to identify specific health information needs, access information sources and use informa tion. The respondents also demonstrate the ability to obtain health information more easily from printed sources than from the internet. However, their ability to understand health information easily and evaluate quality health information was low.

    Conclusion

     The study outcome indicates that health information literacy of the respondents can be enhanced. As a result, efforts should be made to educate tuberculosis patients on how to evaluate and comprehend health information by improving their understanding of health - related terminologies and assessing reliable health information.

    Keywords: Directly Observed Therapy, Health Information Literacy, Health Literacy, Tuberculosis
  • Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Atefeh Sadat Mousavi, Khalil Kimiafar, Masomeh Sarbaz Page 118
    Introduction

    Despite the epidemic of C OVID - 19, the current budget constraints of governments do not allow to increase the budget of conventional rehabilitation programs. As a result, there is a growing need for cost - effective alternative strategies such as tele - rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was a systematic review of randomized clinical trial studies to evaluate the cost - effectiveness of tele - rehabilitation.

    Material and Methods

    A sys tematic review, without time limit, was searched by searching for keywords in the title, abstract and keywords of studies in the authoritative scientific databases Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed on November 24, 2021. Randomized and controlled t rial studies that used the t ele - rehabilitation approach as an intervention in the study and evaluated it in terms of cost - effectiveness were considered as inclusion criteria. Eligibility criteria were screened independently by two researchers. In order to evaluate the quality of the input studies to this study, the JBI quality evaluation checklist for randomized controlled trials was used. The same checklist was used to extract the data. The data elements in this checklist included the title of the publicat ion, year of publication, country, number of participants, duration of intervention, technology - based approach, study population, study objectives and main findings of the study.

    Results

    A total of 11 articles with inclusion criteria were included in the study. There was no significant bias in the studies and all studies had the quality of inclusion in our study. The t ele - rehabilitation approaches and health conditions evaluated in the studies were largely different. In 45% of the studies, t ele - rehabilitat ion interventions reported a significant improvement in the outcomes and clinical effects in the t ele - rehabilitation group versus the control group (face - to - face visit). In 64% of the studies, t ele - rehabilitation interventions were more cost effective than traditional rehabilitation interventions. However, in 36% of the studies, no significant difference was observed in the amount of money spent between the control and intervention groups. In addition, in 4 studies, no significant improvement in quality in the adjusted years was reported.

    Conclusion

    The evidence from this study shows that t ele - rehabilitation services and care for the general public are more cost effective than face - to - face rehabilitation services. It is suggested that future studies to maxi mize the potential of tele - rehabilitation focus on improving patients' access to rehabilitation services and removing barriers to tele - rehabilitation.

    Keywords: Tele-Rehabilitation, cost Effectiveness, Systematic Review
  • Soheila Saeedi, Keivan Maghooli, Shahrzad Amirazodi, Sorayya Rezayi Page 119
    Introduction

    Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death in men, and the early detection of this disease can be a significant factor in c ontrolling and managing it. Applying data mining techniques can lead to the extraction of hidden knowledge from a huge amount of data and can help diagnose this disease by physicians. This study aims to determine the algorithm with the best performance to diagnose prostate cancer.

    Material and Methods

    In this study, nine data mining techniques, including Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, K - Nearest Neighbors, Neural Network, Random Forest, Deep Learning, Auto - MLP, and Rule Induction algori thms, were used to extract hidden patterns from prostate cancer data. In this study, the data of 100 patients, which included eight characteristics, were used, and the RapidMiner Studio environment was employed for modeling. To compare the performance of t he mentioned approaches used in this study to diagnose prostate cancer, accuracy, recall, precision, AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated and reported for all techniques.

    Results

    The results of this study showed that the accuracy of the appli ed algorithms was between 77% and 84%. Using different criteria to evaluate the techniques used showed that the two algorithms K - Nearest Neighbors and Neural Network, had better performance and accuracy (84%) than other methods. The sensitivity in these tw o algorithms was 80% for Neural Networks and 85% for K - Nearest Neighbors, respectively.

    Conclusion

    The usage of different data mining techniques can lead to the discovery of hidden patterns among an enormous amount of data related to prostate cancer, and as a result, it leads to the early diagnosis of this disease and saves the subsequent costs.

    Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Data Mining, Machine Learning, Diagnose, Neural Network, Deep Learning
  • Ali Sharifi Kia, Mohammad Beheshti, Leila Shahmoradi Page 120
    Introduction

    Health information systems play an important role in improving the quality of patient c are and patient safety. to ensure their effectiveness and efficiency, they need to be evaluated. Although HIS evaluation has been investigated in many studies, there is no consensus on which aspects of HIS to evaluate. The aim of this study is to identify the indicators for the evaluation of health information systems and to provide an overview of the criteria devised and studies conducted.

    Material and Methods

    An umbrella review was performed exploring databases PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science, Sci ence, and IEEE while following the PRISMA protocol. Articles were reviewed by two authors independently using the covidence tool to check the inclusion criteria and to extract the data items. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBIS and AMSTAR.

    Results

    All i ncluded studies showed a high risk of bias according to ROBIS criteria. The extracted evaluation criteria were classified into 13 categories. Most of the studies believe that a more reliable and standardized tool is needed for the evaluation of health info rmation systems. Two studies mentioned that surveys and questionnaires were the most commonly used method for evaluation of the systems. Summative evaluation was the most used method in two studies and the least used method in another one study.

    Conclusion

    All the included studies had high risk of bias. Accordingly, further research and evidence is needed in this field. Most of the studies highlighted the need for more reliable and standardized tools for evaluation of health information systems.

    Keywords: Health information systems, Evaluation, Criteria, Systematic Review
  • Mahdie ShojaeiBaghini, Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy, Niloofar Farsi, Reyhane Malekmohammadi Page 121
    Introduction

    The only way to limit the prevalen ce of COVID - 19 is to adhere strictly to health protocol. In this regard, WHO has provided the information needed to prevent and deal with this disease on its website. To investigate the Impact of Internet Health Information on Adherence to COVID - 19 Protoco ls , in Iran.

    Material and Methods

    This is a cross - sectional survey and structural equation modeling which is done by students of at the Kerman University of Medical Science , Iran . The data collection tool was a questionnaire. SPSS 22.0, and SmartPLS 3soft ware were used to analyze the data.

    Results

    The present study investigated the impact of health information on the WHO website on adherence to COVID - 19 protocols among the students of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The bootstrapping results in dicate relationships between health information seeking constructs and information quality, satisfaction, and reputation. Regarding the other six hypotheses in the present study, it is predicted that they will be rejected in a larger sample.

    Conclusion

    On line information is now available more easily, quickly, and at a lower cost compared to other sources, it should be constantly monitored and constantly improved in quality. Its usefulness, ease of use, accuracy, recency, and simplicity should be constantly investigated.

    Keywords: Adherence, COVID-19, Internet Health Information, Health Literacy
  • Sadrieh Hajesmaeel-Gohari, Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy Bahaadinbeigy Page 122
    Introduction

    Identifying highly cited articles helps researchers find the most important areas, effective authors in the field, pioneer countries and frequently used journals. This study aimed to review the 100 most highly cited articles published in telemedicine journals.

    Material and Methods

    The list of the telemedicine journals was found by searching the “master journal list” of the Web of Science database. Then, the name of each journal was searched separately in the “Publication Name” section of the same database and t he results were sorted based on the “ t imes c ited” order. The first 100 articles that received the most citations were selected. The journal name, study type and study field were extracted from the final articles.

    Results

    The top 100 highly cited articles were published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (n=54, 53.5%), Telemedicine and e - Health (n=45, 44.5%) and International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications (n=2, 2%). Most of the highly cited articles were review studies (n=55, 54%) and al most one - third of the reviewed articles were conducted on general telemedicine (n=28, 28%).

    Conclusion

    This study revealed that some characteristics such as review studies, studies on general telemedicine, and studies being published in the oldest telemed icine journals were more likely used and cited

    Keywords: Highly Cited, Article, Citation, Telemedicine, Journal
  • Elham Nazari, Tahmineh Aldaghi, Hamed Tabesh Page 123
    Introduction

    This critical study was aimed to investigate the utility of the Global Health Security Index in predicting the current COVID-19 responses.

    Material and Methods

    Number of infected patients, deaths, incidence and the death rate per 100,000 populations related to 55 countries per week for 26 weeks were extracted. The relationship of GHSI scores and country preparedness for the pandemic was compared.

    Results

    According to the GHSI, the incidence rate in most prepared countries was higher than the incidence rate in the more prepared countries, and which was higher than the incidence rate in the least prepared countries. However, Prevention, Detection and reporting, Rapid response, Health system, compliance with international norms and Risk environment, as well as Overall, the incidence and death rate per 100,000 people have not been like this.

    Conclusion

    Due to mismatch between the GHSI score and fact about COVID-19 incidence, it seems necessary to investigate the factors involved in this discrepancy.

    Keywords: Global Health Security Index (GHSI), COVID-19, Pandemic Preparedness, Incidence Rates, Mortality Rates, Infection Rates
  • Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Masomeh Sarbaz, Davood Sobhani-Rad, Atefeh Sadat Mousavi, Khalil Kimiafar Page 124
    Introduction

    In recent decades, following the upward trend of aging, one out of three people in the world need rehabilitation services during the period of illness or injury. Consideringthe long-term complications and high costs of treatment, the need to follow up and review the evidence to find the best care programs and extensive planning in this field seems mandatory. Registry systems in this area can provide the necessary evidence for strategic decisions in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this comprehensive literature review is to examine the challenges and benefits of developing a rehabilitation registration system.

    Material and Methods

    A systematic review, in studies published in English, without time limit and by searching for keywords in the keywords, title and abstract of reliable scientific databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Science Direct, as well as searching the title of studies in the database Cochrane data was accessed on March 31, 2021. Studies that were a possible answer to the researched question based on the title and content were examined.

    Results

    One of the most important challenges investigated was the limitation of rehabilitation comprehensive registration systems. Other challenges include the lack of support for ensuring the quality of registration data, insufficient funds for investment, privacy and data security, the unclear purpose of registration system development, access to hardware infrastructure, lack of binding laws and regulations related to registration systems, lack of access to sufficient information. To implement information registration systems, continuous monitoring and holding training courses.

    Conclusion

    The most important challenge investigated was that currently the health care and rehabilitation registration systems around the world are focused on single diseases (single discipline rehabilitation), which does not meet the needs of patients due to the multifactorial nature of rehabilitation services and chronic diseases. Therefore, it seems that the connection between the data registration systems with the help of a comprehensive guideline or model or the creation of a national integrated central database in the form of integrationwith other health information systems and based on electronic health records will be very efficient.

    Keywords: Rehabilitation Registration System, Minimum Data Set, Rehabilitation, Information System, Registry
  • Houshang Rafat Panah Bayegi, Lida Jarahi, Milad Mahmoudabadi, Masoumeh Sarbaz, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Khalil Kimiafar Page 125
    Introduction

    Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is known to be endemic in the population of northeastern Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the knowledge and attitude of medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences about the HTLV-1 virus.

    Material and Methods

    The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in Mashhad Medical School from April to June 2014. The research population included all medical students studying at the time of the study (307 people). The tool of data collection was a questionnaire including 4 parts of demographic characteristics, the amount of information resources used, the level of awareness about HTLV-1 infection and measuring the attitude of students towards HTLV-1 infection. The data was analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics using SPSS 16.0 software.

    Results

    A total of 271 people responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 88/27). Among the participants, 130 were male and 141 were female. The majority of students, 161 people got their information from the classroom and 157 people were natives of Mashhad. The information obtained from the description of the questions and the percentage of correct answers to the questions showed that the level of students' knowledge about this infection was average with an average score of 16.66 out of 40 points, and the average score of the students' attitude was reported as 68.11 with an average level.

    Conclusion

    The obtained results reported the level of knowledge of the target group as medium-low, and the level of attitude of this group as medium-high. Also, there was a direct relationship between the amount of information and the level of attitude with the year of entering the university and studying in the university, which reports the slope of this change as low.

    Keywords: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus, type 1 (HTLV, Medical Students, knowledge, Attitudes
  • Fatemeh Ahouz, Azadeh Bastani, Amin Golabpour Page 126
    Introduction

    Artificial intelligence has been changingthe way healthcare has been provided in many high-risk environments or areas with poor healthcare facilities. The emergence of epidemics and new diseases, as well as the crucial role of early diagnosis in prevention and the adoption of more effective treatments have highlighted the need for accurate design and self-organization of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs).

    Material and Methods

    In this study, a CDSS based on a neural networks (NN) and genetic algorithm is proposed. Since, on the one hand,the performance of the neural network (NN) is highly dependent on its parameters, and on the other hand, there is a constant need for optimization experts to fine-tune the parameters in the use of new data, a new chromosomal structure is proposed to automatically extract the optimal NN architecture, the number of layers and neurons. The goal is to increase the reusability of the model and ease of use by health experts.

    Results

    To evaluate the performance of the model, two standard breast cancer (BC) datasets, WBC and WDBC, were used. The model uses 70% of the data set for training and the remaining equally used for evaluation and testing. The test accuracy of the proposed model on WBC and WDBC datasets was 98.51 and 97.55%, respectively. The optimal NN architecture on WBC consisted a three-hidden layers with 18, 15 and 19 neurons in each layers, and on WDBC consisted one hidden layer with a single neuron.

    Conclusion

    The proposed chromosomal structure is able to derive optimal NN architecture. In according to the high classification accuracy of the model in the diagnosis of BC and providing the different architectures in accordance with the hardware implementation considerations, the proposed model can be used effectively in the diagnosis of other diseases.

    Keywords: Neural Networks, Breast Neoplasms, Clinical Decision Support Systems, Medical Informatics, Classification, Diagnosis