نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 7 (پیاپی 23، مهر 1401)

Every discourse is exposed to dislocation and instability after emergence and hegemony. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the discourse of moderation. In the present article, an attempt has been made to answer the questions of what factors played a role in the formation of the discourse of moderation by using the method of Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis and data collection by library and documentary methods. And then to answer the main question, why did the discourse of moderation falter? The findings of the article show that the initial formation of this discourse was the result of unrest and hesitation in the dominant and rival discourse and at the same time the emergence of a new political subject in the country's political arena, which was able to move from "right to left" in a strategic move. It gained the support of elites and political groups opposed to the rival discourse and formed the basic nuclei of the discourse of moderation. But in the continuation of this discourse, due to the weakness of the power of discourse and the lack of new elements and concepts to create a chain of equivalence and create a new and cohesive communication identity, succeeded in cohesion and unity between political groups and pro-sectarian sections of society to pursue goals. It was not considered and finally it was shaken and could not become hegemonic in the political arena of the country in the long run.

Human resource managers are the most important factor in determining the success and failure of organizations, which, based on their competencies, are crucial to their environment and achieve the goals of the organization. Effective management seems to be an essential need. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a competency model for human resource managers in crisis situations. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey in terms of implementation. The statistical population of this study includes 35 experts and managers and 2430 employees of Red Crescent, Tehran Municipality and Governorate. Data were collected by a questionnaire. To analyze them, Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling, factor analysis method were used. From the experts' point of view, 5 main components include: Iranian-Islamic, individual personality component, interpersonal component, organizational component and extra-organizational component and 18 competency sub-components through Delphi method and using expert panel as competency components of human resource managers in Crisis conditions were selected. According to the results of research on Iranian-Islamic components (rule of religious values - Iranian Islamic morality - central justice) in individual components of personality (pragmatism - adherence to ethics - jihadi spirit) in organizational components (strategic leadership - optimal resource management - intelligence Organizational-citizen-oriented-crisis management) as well as in extra-organizational components (political intelligence-business intelligence-cultural intelligence) were approved as priority indicators.

showed its will in practical terms by the order of the Supreme Leader and formed and activated working and specialized committees during various meetings. Simultaneously with the central headquarters of the organization in Tehran, the general departments and treatment managements of the provinces also started to work in order not to leave the caravan of e-government development. In the 11th government, good measures have been taken to develop e-services, and the Social Security Organization considers it its duty to take important steps in this direction, as if it has already taken effective measures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of implementing a centralized system of social security audiences on the quality of services provided based on a centralized social security system. The most important methods of data collection in this study are descriptive-field method and 384 questionnaires were distributed among the audience of Tehran Social Security Organization. In this study, it has been tried to evaluate the quality of services of the centralized system of social security audience for the audience that the results of the hypotheses indicate the desired quality in 5 dimensions of physical dimensions, reliability, responsiveness, reliability and empathy. It indicates that the design and creation of electronic supply and procurement systems by reducing the involvement of human factors and improving the security and monitoring of web-based communication networks can increase the quality of services of the Social Security Organization by accelerating, transparency, ease.

Training is one of the basic concepts and it means cultivating and directing human thoughts and behavior towards a specific and purposeful pattern and realizing potential talents and silencing some negative reactions. Education has different dimensions, one of the most important of which is moral education, which is one of the most fundamental issues of human societies. Accurate explanation of moral education, identification and study of its effective factors and obstacles is one of the most important issues in the field of education. The present article seeks to investigate the factors and obstacles affecting moral education based on the teachings of Imam Ali (AS) with a descriptive-analytical method and of the library type. Imam Ali's (AS) moral thoughts are based on the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH) and the life-giving school of Islam. Therefore, first, the meaning of moral and political education and then the effective factors and obstacles in moral education based on the words of Imam (AS) ) Has been studied. The results indicate: From the perspective of Imam Ali (AS), hereditary factors, environmental factors (including family, friends and community) and individual will are the most important factors affecting moral education. Also, the factors of ignorance, wonder and selfishness, love of the world, passive world and pretending to be religious are among the most important obstacles in moral education.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the antecedents and consequences of market orientation in the Iranian banking industry and to present a conceptual model in this field. In order to achieve this goal, first five main perspectives of market orientation including decision-making perspective, market knowledge perspective, culture-based behavioral perspective, strategic perspective and customer orientation perspective and the factors affecting them were studied. Then, the common elements of these views were extracted and using the findings of previous researches, qualitative data were collected in order to design a model. For this purpose, the opinions of 50 experts and specialists in the banking industry were received and coded for content analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, senior management characteristics, structural and organizational characteristics and cross-sectoral interactions were identified as internal antecedents of market orientation in the Iranian banking industry. Competition structure, market turmoil, technology turmoil were also among the external antecedents of market orientation in the country's banking industry. The consequences of market orientation were also categorized and identified in two groups of economic performance (profitability, return on investment, sales volume, sales growth) and non-economic factors (employee outcomes and customer outcomes).

In 1350, the first law of the country's trade union system was approved by the National Assembly and the Senate. According to the law, the trade union organization emerged as an independent organization in the country called the Chamber of Trade Unions. Given the importance of this issue, this study seeks to investigate the structure of the trade union system and the role of regulatory authorities, especially the Iranian police in improving the situation of trade unions and, consequently, increasing welfare and social security. Also, the gaps in the current law, which is one of the important factors in the poor performance of trade unions in guiding trade and market control, analysis and practical solutions to address these shortcomings, are presented. The structure and organization of trade unions and the activities of trade unions and their relationship with organizations, especially law enforcement, whose activities depend on this coordination. Lack of coordination and poor performance of trade unions and their relationship with organizations, especially with supervisory organizations such as law enforcement, will have consequences such as social dissatisfaction and, consequently, security dissatisfaction. The results show that the most important problems of guilds in Iran are: lack of up-to-date laws and gaps in the legal materials of guilds, lack of independence of guilds and dependence on the government, lack of accurate and regular supervision of competent supervisory authorities independent of guilds

Creating the right legal framework for achieving scientific growth and technological development and thus enhancing the well-being of society. Modernization of the invention of the industrial design is one of the long and distinguished features of the invention of the industrial design which should be considered as a form and subject. Today, the requirement to be a newcomer is both challenging and painful when it comes to industrial property litigation and litigation in litigation and infringement litigation. In Iranian law, both in the field of law and in the field of industrial property and in the judicial process, the issue of the invention of a new invention is very challenging, as in a considerable number of cases, as soon as the holder of the patent claims against the infringer, Filing a petition against the patent holder for "revocation of the patent for being new". In this study, we seek to analyze the condition of being a new legal entity while conducting an economic analysis to find the best rules that reduce these problems and challenges, reduce transaction costs, increase and improve the number and ease of transactions, and thereby increase profitability and social benefits. Let's edit.

In this study, the relationship between object and mind in the philosophy of society was examined by Mulla Sadra. Mulla Sadra believes in the presence of science, even in the perception of external realities or the functions of practical intellect in relation to human social life, therefore, there must be a connection between the soul in the material world and the types of realities in it, which define social events and processes. Also includes. The main issue of research is how the existence of the universe and the realities in it are similar. Like social realities (objectivity) with face science (subjectivity). The method of this research was descriptive-analytical using library resources. The results of this study showed that the philosophy of society, which is related to social events, creates a kind of perception in the human soul that is in line with human social creation and is practical in order to perfect the soul by the soul.

A great feature of blockchain technology that is actually decentralized is the ability to create businesses and operations more flexibly and securely. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for analyzing the impact of blockchain on business models. For this purpose, a combined research model (qualitative and quantitative) was used. In the qualitative section, by reviewing the research background, the components of the business model and the blockchain are extracted from the texts and by analyzing the theme through interviews with 20 experts selected by snowball sampling. Finally, there were 4 main themes (structures) for business model components (product and service, customer, infrastructure management and financial aspects) and 6 main themes for blockchain (decentralization capability, encryption capability and anonymity capability) Intelligent contracts, immutability, distributed general ledger and auditing capabilities) were identified. The statistical population of 300 people includes professors and academic experts related to blockchain (20 people), related experts in the Iranian Scientific Association of Electronic Commerce (280 people). The sample size was estimated at 169 people. For data analysis, the structural equation model in Smartpls software was used. The results showed that the components of the model well explain the effect of blockchain on the components of the business model. Among the components of the business model, the most impact of the blockchain on the value proposition is 0.645 and the least impact is on the revenue model with a coefficient of 0.398.

The purpose of designing a model to explain sustainable human resource management in Iranian government organizations with a sociological approach. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of nature. Experts were identified by targeted sampling and snowball sampling. Due to the adequacy of the data, a total of 19 people were interviewed. The method of analysis is foundation data theory and the data were collected through in-depth interviews. The results of the qualitative section show that in terms of individual, group and organizational components and attention to the organization, in the main phenomenon of participation, communication and adherence. Interventional conditions, internal and external factors, in the context of capacity building, organizational change and planning and in connection with the main strategy of sustainable human resource management measures, human resource information system design, and consequences including individual, organizational and social consequences. Merit-based and human resource management skills are effective. Correlation coefficient and diagnostic validity for cross-factor loads, convergent validity that is higher than 1.96 provide a suitable structure for measuring the model, and indicators with acceptable coefficients of the model Has confirmed.

Iran International Commercial Arbitration Law is undoubtedly an important development and a step forward in the process of legislation on arbitration in our country, and along with the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, the Iranian arbitration system to a more complete and acceptable system in terms of criteria and criteria. International advances. Therefore, the adoption of the International Commercial Arbitration Law, arbitration can lead Iran to grant more freedom to the parties to arbitration in choosing the rules and procedure of arbitration and as a result less interference of domestic courts in its process. Modeling the UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law in drafting and approving the new law will cause investors and Iranian foreign trade parties to be afraid of referring disputes to arbitration in Iranian authorities without fear or for fear of facing unexpected rulings from Iran's domestic courts. Do not be willing to accept it in their growing contracts with the Iranian parties in the coming years. On the other hand, despite all the benefits of transparency in investment judgments, especially for the public, it can also be detrimental to the parties to the dispute, especially the investor. Increasing costs and prolonging the review process are among the most important concerns of investors. In addition, transparency is in clear conflict with the commercial principles of arbitration, such as the agreement of arbitration and its important principles of privacy and confidentiality.

Review :In the procedure of their and transit،by submission of the declaration to the customs of entry, the passerby is obliged to exit the goods through the customs of exit within the appropriate period of time specified in the transit license, according to the paragraph ح of Article 1.However, in the case of transit cargos that fall under the Tier Convention, there is no need to submit a declaration and deposit a guarantee at the customs of entry. And from the time of arrival at the customs of origin to the customs of exit or destination, There are a few challenges presented with declaration of receipt, settlement of guarantee, movement of goods, deficit and surplus, tariff determination, and allocation of guarantee, control tools, collection of guarantee, return, confiscation and settlement of guarantee, Weakness of the system of customs, existence of multiple trustees, conflict and and contradiction of the laws and regulations, etc, And the existing challenges require that in this article in a descriptive, analytical, and documentary manner, we examine the legal challenges, identify social harms and introduce an appropriate solution in the matter of transit.

The aim of this article is to theoretically explain the role of the middle class in the political development of Iran after the Islamic Revolution, while filling the wide gap in the study of the middle class, to revive the issue of political development in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, the grounded theory method in the form of open, central and selective coding has been used in the first stage and by in-depth interviews with 18 experts (university professors, experts and political activists) to explain the theoretical model of the role of the middle class. Iran's political development after the Islamic Revolution. This model consists of six main themes: 1) causal conditions (enjoyment of political rights and political identity); 2) background conditions (political participation); 3) Interventional conditions (political capacity and facilities, social barriers, cultural barriers and economic barriers); 4) central category (meeting political needs and demands); 5) Strategies (management strategies); 6) Consequences (political, social, cultural and economic consequences). The research findings show that officials and policy makers for the political development of the middle class should pay attention to all categories of causal conditions, contexts, interventions, strategies and consequences and go through the identified steps to improve the position of the middle class.

The reference to the category of "identity" has been studied in different periods and in different societies, especially the transformed societies that have faced a revolution. Intellectuals and modernist writers searched for contemporary history. Basically, identity is not considered static and unchanged, and its main components are always transformed. For this reason, the issue of identity seems to be important for every generation. The lack of a unified consensus at the beginning of the revolution in some levels led to the formation of an identity crisis and the emergence of new obstacles in the development of the Islamic Revolution. Societies undergo change in the early years with instability and events that change the revolutionary path and move away from goals. One of the most probable crises in this situation is the occurrence of a coup d'etat, which after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the discovery of the Niqab coup, which according to some officials, some aspects of which have remained silent so far, shows its grounds. The research method is descriptive-analytical, data collection is documentary and library, cross-sectional and variable time is qualitatively studied and applied purpose. A detailed study of the reasons for planning the Niqab coup and its study clearly shows that the crisis of individual identity, one of the most important types of political crises, has played a decisive role in the formation of this coup.

Among the discourses of contemporary Iranian history, the most important and influential ones have been the subject of this research and the social and political, internal and external contexts of the formation of both discourses and their effects and consequences have been studied and analyzed. The commonalities and differences between the two discourses and the views of the theorists of those two discourses, namely Imam Khomeini and Allameh Naeini, have been explored. It is in the Islamic Revolution. Also, understanding the effect of social and political conditions on the emergence of political structures different from the views of Mirza Naeini and Imam Khomeini and recognizing the commonalities and differences between the views of Mirza Naeini and Imam Khomeini are other objectives of this study. Based on the findings of this study, some of the most important results are that, discourses as general and semantic formulations themselves are the product of certain social and political conditions and shape the behaviors, thoughts and identities of social subjects and without Discourses cannot make social and political developments meaningful. Therefore, in order to understand social phenomena such as revolutions, they must be studied within discourse formulations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of religious orientation (Shia and Sunni) on political participation in elections. The present study is an applied research that is done by survey method with a descriptive-correlation approach. The statistical population includes the statistical population of this study, 70,000 people are eligible to vote in Kangan and Assaluyeh, which according to the sampling table. Morgan 380 people were selected as a sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. This questionnaire was prepared based on theoretical foundations and with regard to the impact of religious orientation on people's political participation, and was prepared in the form of 7 dimensions and 49 items. To evaluate the validity of the components of the questionnaire from the perspective of professors and also the content validity was used and to evaluate their reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used which was calculated to be (0.80). Descriptive tests and t-test for two independent groups and multiple regression test were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that religious affiliation (Shia and Sunni) has an effect on political participation in elections, and among these, the greatest impact is related to the belief dimension with a beta coefficient (992). Also, based on the results, there is a significant difference between religious affiliation and political participation in elections, and the biggest difference between the average between Shiites and Sunnis is in the ritual dimension (-17.92). At the end the results were discussed.

The aim of this article is to investigate the lived experiences of addicts and to understand the world of current substance abusers and subcultures in their daily lives in the form of a foundation data model. The method of the present study is the purpose of a basic research because it uses inductive reasoning methods and is based on field methods. The present article is qualitative in method. The research field includes all people who refer to Isfahan greenhouses. Theoretical sampling method was used to enter the researcher's research field. Data analysis was performed by ground method (Strauss and Corbin). The findings of the present article indicate that in the case of "causal conditions" it can be said that inappropriate family conditions and the loss of important family members, family disputes and broken interpersonal relationships are among the causal conditions of substance abuse. In addition to the above causes, associating with deviant people, experiencing trauma, a person's curiosity, and hedonism are other important causes of substance abuse. Family and social exclusion, inequality of opportunity and institutionalized inequality, cultural and social poverty were among the most important underlying issues and deficiencies in the welfare-health system, lack of supportive coverage were identified as "mediating factors" of addiction. Conclusion The article reflects the fact that from all the resulting theorems, it can be seen that, in general, substance abuse is associated with "practical and emotional-emotional disintegration" and "social exclusion".

 For this reason, the present study was conducted with the aim of searching the laws and regulations of the country to explain the legal nature of existing sports institutions to identify and examine the legal nature of sports institutions to answer the question that the share of public institutions, civil institutions and the private sector How much is in the pillars of sports in the country. This Peugeot hash is a document analysis. The method of data analysis is qualitative, library and theoretical based on content analysis. The results show that according to social conditions, for policy development of sports, it is not only government agency but also the components of governance with the participation of all social forces can be used. Therefore, the logical and coordinated organization and communication of all sectors in the development of a category is very important. With the globalization of the field of sports, special capacities in the fields of policy and management are needed that the model of good governance is organized in parallel with each other in a horizontal structure and in parallel with the partnership of government institutions and external sectors, including civil institutions and the private sector. However, the laws and regulations of our country do not have a precise identification of this division and in practice, sports management is in the hands of the public and public sectors and the institutional-official and governmental domination of sports in conflict with the legal nature of the issue is quite obvious.

Today, the reference group on student capital has been considered by many researchers. One of the components that has been affected by reference groups is social capital. This study was conducted with the aim of sociological study of the effect of reference groups on students' social capital. The research method is quantitative and survey and the statistical population is all high school students in gifted high schools in Tehran (7800 students) of which 366 people were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method as a statistical sample. . Data collection tool also includes a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the findings, the amount of social capital of students is at a moderate level, and the most important reference groups for students have been groups of national artists and athletes, and classmates. Inferential findings also show that there is a significant relationship between reference groups and students' social capital and a total of 43% of the variance of social capital is predicted by reference groups.

Virtue-oriented ethics as one of the three main hypotheses in the philosophy of ethics, while entering into political philosophy, gives ideas about society, government and its function in accordance with ethics. This interpretation of ethics is a kind of normative theory that in the era of decline of modernity and the rise of postmodernism, along with the failure of other moral theories to try to achieve a new plan to save humanity by using the need to revive virtue in society. Congregationalism, as a tape-oriented and contemporary school, seeks to correct some of the shortcomings and anomalies of Western liberal societies by criticizing liberalism and its teachings in the fields of ethics, politics, and law. Emphasis on the social nature of human identity, the lack of separation of reality from value, the inability of human beings to discern individual and independent good and the need to revive virtuous ethics are among the leading ideas of collectivists. Following in the footsteps of Plato and Aristotle on the moral and educational mission of government, collectivists defend the value of government or at least collective institutions in the way of life and behavior of citizens. The present article examines and analyzes virtuosity in the light of the views of contemporary collectivists, including McIntyre, Sandel, and Taylor. The results indicate that virtuosity based on the idea of ​​collectivism is based on fulfilling obligations and focusing on social responsibility, cohesion and revival of traditions of religious and local customs under the attention of the government

This study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of professional competence of faculty members with a combined research approach. The statistical population of the study was the qualification section of the subject of professional qualification experts, professors of Islamic Azad University, evaluation experts in higher education and policy makers in the field of higher education. 16 people were selected by snowball sampling method. In the quantitative section, 385 samples were randomly selected based on Morgan table. The research tool is semi-structured in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The content validity of the instrument was determined using the opinions of experts and professors and the Cronbach's alpha value (0.87) confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. In the qualitative part, open, axial and selective coding process was used for data analysis. In the quantitative part, Pearson correlation coefficient matrix and structural equations were used using SPSS and AMOS software. The results show that the professional competence of the faculty members of Islamic Azad University can be classified into three areas of knowledge (general, individual, internal and external) ability (cognitive, sensory, motor) and skill (basic, management and social). This study identified three main categories of competence that were related to the work of Azad University teachers. Therefore, the information provided in this article can be used to assess the qualifications of newly hired teachers in different stages of their teaching and activities, and to develop a curriculum accordingly.

In feedback on investment contracts, what is relevant in the event of a dispute is arbitration, which can also be created in the realm of the investor government, which must be acknowledged as a complex function of different elements with compatible or different interests. This study evaluates economic diplomacy in investment on the one hand and the jurisdiction of the courts, the role of the arbitration body, the situation and position of the parties after the issuance of arbitration, the main differences between oxide and non-oxide arbitration that can be caused by investment disputes. , He pays. However, the jurisdiction of arbitration authorities in investment arbitrations is usually based on the proposal and arbitration agreement by the parties to the contract or natural and legal persons. This article tries to analyze the arbitration procedure and its structure in the form of arbitration authorities such as oxide, incitral and other authorities with an analytical and descriptive method and examine and analyze the criteria for recognizing dispute resolution in this area. The data show; Arbitration authorities and arbitration procedures can be different in dealing with the type of investment and the type of litigation. In other words, the procedures and criteria for diagnosis in different authorities in international arbitration are different and each is in its own way.

This article examines the concept of freedom in the political theory of Hannah Arendt and Friedrich Hegel. Hannah Arendt presents the defense of political freedom as a challenge to the Liberal Convention. Hannah Arendt was a twentieth-century political thinker. The power and originality of his thought was evident in works such as The Roots of Tyranny, Human Conditions, Revolution, and Intellectual Life. He sees freedom as freedom from politics. The concept of freedom is undoubtedly a key concept used by Hannah Arendt in her political thought. He introduces freedom as a phenomenon of virtue. But at the same time, Hegel's concept of freedom is more complex and broad. He believed that the concept of freedom is the main concept in human history. Hegel is one of the most influential and controversial philosophers in modern European history. His political thought had a decisive influence on the views of Marx and nineteenth-century socialism. This article seeks to answer the question, what is the definition, status and dignity of freedom for both philosophers?

The aim of this research was the effect of organizational Anomia on organizational hypocrisy with the mediator of Social Undermining and Working low in the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all employees of Tehran Municipal sports organization. The statistical sample was estimated to be a sufficient number for Smart Pls Modeling software (215 people) and stratified sampling was random. The research instrument was a researched questionnaire from previous research for four variables and on a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity of the tool Verification was verified and approved using expert opinion (12 people (, Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and construct validity using factor analysis. The results showed that in direct relationships; the variable of organizational anomie had a significant effect on social wear (0.444), employee underemployment (0.787) and organizational hypocrisy (0.294). Also, the effect of social wear on organizational hypocrisy (0.386) and underemployment of employees (0.21) was significant. The effect of staff underemployment on organizational hypocrisy (0.498) was also significant. In indirect relationships, too; the effect of organizational anomie on organizational hypocrisy was significant through the two mediating variables of social wear (0.19) and underemployment (0.27). According to research findings, it can be said Although organizational Anomia itself can lead to negative organizational behaviors such as hypocrisy But if the mediator and intervening variables are not controlled This effect can be much more intense.

Laurent Godé is a famous and contemporary French writer whose novels are inspired by two themes. Some of his novels are influenced by myths and others by contemporary events and current affairs such as immigration. El Dorado's novel deals with one of the most important and fascinating topics of the day, illegal immigration, and thus, the author combines two main sources of inspiration and creates his work based on mythology and current affairs. A work that attracts attention both in terms of literary level and thematic level. In this article, with structural and narrative analysis, Eldorado's novel is examined, especially from the literary, identity, sociological and political dimensions, in order to determine how to address the issue of illegal immigration by exploiting modern methods of creating novels in the most original forms and formats. Has offered. The results of this article indicate that Laurent Godé, in his novel Eldorado, chose the idea of the migration of Asians and Africans. The choice of this idea cannot be based on a simple social idea. The author's unusual involvement in the choice of immigration route and among the countries pregnant with political events and the choice of anti-hero among Syrian Muslims and fascinating postmodern techniques to impress readers, indicate his readiness to use one of the most complex issues. It is human to instill its views and those of European society.

The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and solutions of proper governance in the banking system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with emphasis on the enactment of citizenship rights in the administrative system. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection method. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is clear that the indicators of citizenship rights in the country's banking system are in poor condition, and these conditions and many problems of the banking system create an important challenge in terms of trust, satisfaction and social capital. In particular, the results of this study indicate that the country's banking system is in an unfavorable situation in terms of transparency. There are also legal problems in the country in terms of legality and commitment to the principles contained in the enactment of civil rights in the administrative system. Meanwhile, in the document of citizenship rights in the administrative system, there are several cases to support and respect citizenship rights in all departments of the country, including banks and financial institutions. In general, based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that according to the upstream documents, much emphasis has been placed on respect for citizenship rights in the banking system; But the main problem is that in practice little attention is paid to the rights of bank customers.

The Ministry of Education of each country is one of the effective factors in implementing its economic, social and cultural development policies. Training specialized and experienced manpower as the basis for comprehensive development of countries, production of knowledge, research knowledge and provision of specialized services by universities And higher education centers. Therefore, knowledge sharing and identifying the factors affecting it in the education organization and especially among employees who are the most important elements in any organization. Therefore, it can create an atmosphere full of trust and interaction between them so that they can share their knowledge and experiences with each other, which can be an important strength for the education organization and society. the present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the knowledge sharing model in individual, organizational, environmental and extra-environmental dimensions among education staff and stated that the most important individual dimension includes (enjoyment of knowledge sharing, organizational commitment,, , Specific organizational knowledge, trust, motivation, value of knowledge and individual and group interactions). Organizational dimension includes (organizational structure, organizational culture, development of documentation, intra-organizational planning and organizational rewards). Environmental dimension includes (technical knowledge, information technology context, knowledge memory updating and economic and social factors). Trans-environmental dimension includes (political and legal factors and international interactions). The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with library technique.

Sport and physical education, as an influential cultural element, has had an active presence in the history of Iran and has gradually become the owner of rules and regulations. In most laws, from the constitution to the approvals of the parliament and from the approvals of the cabinet to the approvals of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and the Supreme Council of National Security, there are always traces of sports. "Sport has been a twin of man and has always been with him over the days. "It is not possible to know the beginning of sport because human beings need to move their muscles to stay and live from the beginning of creation, and sport will remain their companion until the end of their lives." In the present research work, an attempt has been made to acquaint the legal community of the country with the institution of physical education, which is a short step in the development of sports law in the country. To achieve this goal, first the category of sports in Iranian public law is mentioned and then the institution of sports in international law is considered.

The aim of this study was to qualitatively analyze the effect of linguistic and ethnic differences in members of the women's national futsal team on the weak team cohesion of the Iranian women's national futsal team. The research method was qualitative and data collection was done using interviews. The statistical population and spatial scope of the study consisted of members of the national women's futsal team in 1399.As a case study, 12 people by purposeful sampling and ball sampling Snowmen were selected. The validation of the qualitative instrument was validated using the participant feedback method. In order to analyze the qualitative data obtained from the interview, the content content analysis method based on open coding was used in MAXQDA-18 software and the extracted concepts were drawn in the form of a network of themes. The results of content analysis indicate the existence of 255 open source, 29 original, 11 categories such as: recognition and acceptance of emotions, mental interaction with self and others, orientation based on ethnic similarity, ethnic narcissism, judgment and prejudice, discrimination and Prejudice, the class of conflict and irresponsibility, weakness in cooperation and adaptation, socio-family differences, the class of textual differences, and functional differences that these eleven classes were classified as a major theme. Summarizing the results showed that the development of a group cohesion model for women in the national team futsal based on ethnic-linguistic differences is possible and testable, and according to the results, it is possible to reduce ethnic-linguistic differences and facilitate group cohesion

In today's rapidly changing era of legal relations, domestic courts do not have the capacity to hear disputes, especially international commercial cases, and new methods must be adapted to these developments. One of these alternative and appropriate methods is the arbitration body. Arbitration is based on an agreement between the parties on the formation of a private court and the procedure, and the existence of a dispute in any legal relationship, including the arbitration agreement, is obvious. This study examines the jurisdiction of the court and the arbitrator in cases of dispute over the original contract in Iranian and British law. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that there are different approaches in Iranian law to the jurisdiction of the arbitrator and the court in dealing with this dispute in both domestic and international areas, but in British law, the arbitrator has jurisdiction in this cases.

The importance and benefits of applying marketing principles intelligently in the field of politics is not hidden from anyone, so in this study, an attempt has been made to conduct a research with the aim of creating a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of political marketing with emphasis on candidate intelligence. Elections should be presented with a hybrid approach. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Using the meta-combined approach and the seven-step model of Sandlowski and Barroso, the indicators are extracted from previous articles and studies. Out of 714 articles, 48 articles entered the final stage of research and to study the factors affecting marketing. Politics has been used with an emphasis on the managerial intelligence of candidates with a hybrid approach. It then combines, combines, and interprets the findings of these studies to provide a deeper understanding of political marketing with an emphasis on managerial intelligence. Based on the analysis performed in the field of political marketing with emphasis on managerial intelligence using a hybrid approach, 7 themes and 32 codes were identified. The topics extracted in this study include: competitive analysis and analysis, campaign focus, social participation, candidate positioning, environmental focus, party and political tools, and funding strategy. Findings and Achievements The end of the present study has created a relatively comprehensive and complete understanding based on political marketing with emphasis on managerial intelligence.

ding the right solutions to reduce bankruptcy cases is one of the most important issues in business law. The purpose of this article is to provide the Iranian legislature with appropriate solutions to reduce bankruptcy cases by comparatively examining the effects of the Arfaqi agreement between Iran and Egypt. By descriptive and analytical method and comparative study of the effects of the Arfaqi contract between Iran and Egypt, it was concluded that the Arfaqi contract in Iran is issued after the issuance of the bankruptcy order and due to the imposition of the bankruptcy title on the merchant, it is not a solution. However, in Egypt, in the latest legislative development in this country, the preventive pardon agreement has been recognized as peace. This type of contract is concluded between the trader and the creditors before the issuance of the bankruptcy order, and in practice is a barrier to declaring the trader bankrupt and prevents bankruptcy and its adverse consequences. The approval of this bill will be finalized as soon as possible.

 In some cases, the judge, as a judge, is torn between exercising the will of the parties and observing the principle of fairness. On the one hand, it is obliged to preserve the principle of freedom of will, and on the other hand, it is obliged to apply the principle of fairness. In Article 23 of the Iranian Civil Code, Based on the rules of jurisprudence, it has given the judge the right to deviate from the principle of freedom in determining the terms of the contract in cases where a condition is incompatible with justice and this incompatibility is based on certain conditions. In this article, using the research method and analysis of library method and comparative study of jurisprudential rules, especially the rule of embarrassment and the rule of fraud, and the rule of Mysore, we seek religious attention to deviate from the principle of freedom in determining contractual terms using these jurisprudential sources. The British legal system seeks to use the experience of this system to discover solutions in order to maintain the validity of the principle of freedom to determine the terms of the contract in cases where its occurrence causes a distance from the main goals and the real purpose of the condition. Or another solution that can maintain the rule of will of the parties, based on which the judge can issue a verdict based on justice.

Today the space of metro stations which is one of the urban and public spaces that is a platform for a variety of activities and social interactions. Due to the fact that space affects behavior with appropriate space, a platform can be created for people to automatically tend to that behavior or similar behaviors. One of the important issues in metro stations is the issue of spatial quality of metro terminals. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the spatial quality of Mashhad Mellat Park metro station in the social and sociological context of the people. This station is one of the busiest metro terminals in Mashhad and can accommodate different people. The research method is descriptive-analytical that the analyzes were performed with SPSS software. According to the studies performed by the Minister of Safety and Function, their components such as comfort, supervision, orientation and social interactions are in a better position than other components of spatial quality. It seems that Mashhad Mellat Park metro has the capacity to improve the quality of space, but the conditions for this are not available. Paying attention to the symbols and signs and the number of paintings and the harmony of the spaces can help in improving the quality of the space.

The concept of sovereignty, like many concepts of public law, has changed and evolved since its inception, and its semantic burden has changed to a large extent in accordance with the conditions of the time and global developments; This concept no longer means, as in the past, the absolute control and supervision of the state over its citizens, and the territorial territory does not guarantee the absolute authority of the state. Various developments over the last few centuries have changed this definition of government. The question examined in this article is what effect has this development had on the broader performance of government and the relationship between the public and private sectors?The emergence and development of information networks has influenced the governance patterns and boundaries of national governments; Other governments are not the only actors in global technology issues, and in fact we are witnessing a kind of diversification of the source of power; The formation of global loyalty networks such as marginalized groups, social movements and terrorist groups has led to the disregard for traditional centers of legitimacy and authority. Accordingly, governments can no longer define and regulate their relations with the people and the private sphere in the same way as before, and extensive restrictions have been imposed on them in this regard.

The ultimate goal of health care organizations is to achieve productivity or the same efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to design a model of human resource productivity in the health sector.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and research method in this qualitative study And it is a kind of meta-study of the meta-combined type that has been used as a library method to collect data. The statistical population of this research in the meta-combined method is previous researches that have been searched between 1990 and 2019 from Science Direct, Emerald, University Jihad, Civilica. By reviewing 84 articles out of 8740 initial articles, 16 criteria and 145 sub-criteria Was identified as a factor affecting the productivity of human resources in the ice of health care in various domestic and foreign studies in the years 1990 to 2019. Based on these factors, the final model was presented and validated.

Factors affecting human resource productivity in the health sector based on available resources in the period 1990-2019, which include occupational factors, factors related to organizational support, managerial factors and cultural and social factors.

Attention to the identified factors, the necessity to pay attention to economic concepts and quality of services in the health sector in terms of the importance of the type of service and dealing with human health and life increase.

In this article, we make a comparative comparison of the methods of the constitutionalisation of the statute in the American and European legal systems. We discuss the concept of normative hierarchy and stricto sensus (material and axiological hierarchy) is considered. The constitutionalisation of statute in most countries have many similarities due to their adoption. Hence, four new models can be achieved: The U.S.A. is a clear model, which is known as decentralized and is depended on the judiciary. Its procedure is also based on judicial procedures and hearing are conducted at the request of citizens and litigaants. This phenomenon is a mechanism that carries out the conformity of the statute with the constitutionl criteria throught the courts and the Supreme Court of the States. In the European model, known as centralized, the constituyionalisation institution is not dependent on any of the three powers. Although Its procedure is based on judicial procedures but hearing is avhieved by some government authorities. In the Mixed American-European patern, algthough the constituyionalisation institution is not dependent on the three powers, but its procedure is achieved based on judicial procedures and hearing is achied at the request of litigants. In Swiss, courts follow the mixed model and if someone is harmed for violating the cantonal constitution, they can file a lawswit in federal court. In Britain, if a statute violates the constitution, it may not leave to the courts and this is parliament that achieves the constitutionalisation. In French, the constitutionalisation, is achied by

Aware of the importance of soft power in the era of interdependence, the Islamic Republic of Iran uses tools such as knowledge, culture and ideology to exercise power over regional countries. One of these tools is the Organization of Islamic Culture and Communication. In this article, using the library and descriptive-analysis method, we seek to answer the question: Has the cultural diplomacy of the Organization of Islamic Culture and Communication been effective and successful in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran or not? The results show that the cultural activities of this organization have been more effective, especially in countries where the followers of the Shiite religion have a strong presence. One of the effective factors and success of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is our cultural and religious commonalities with most countries in the region. These commonalities include Islam and Shiism, historical, civilizational and cultural commonalities such as the ancient Nowruz, the celebration of Yalda night and the celebration of poets and scientists common among most countries in the region, especially Turkey and Azerbaijan and Central Asia and Afghanistan. But in European countries, this organization tries to spread Persian language and literature by creating Persian language chairs in prestigious universities and holding exhibitions, antiquities and culture of Iranian ethnic groups and holding conferences and seminars in honor of Iranian poets and thinkers to the set goals. Achieve yourself.

This descriptive analytical method and using library and documentary tools, tries to provide strategies to prevent the development of crime in this period. The concept of the period of transition is the rotation of a culture, society and civilization and its disgust and tendency towards foreign and alternative culture, society and civilization. During the transition period, due to the conflicts and contradictions that children and adolescents develop with them in the development of their personality in society; Perversion and absolute commission of crimes will increase. The purpose of preventing growth in the transition period is to control the mental and psychological well-being of children and adolescents and to prevent social and cultural rupture with their own society. The results suggest that ignoring these subcultures if they do not pay attention to the various dimensions of broken window theory and criminal behaviors such as labeling them may lead to the formation of "nervousness against national interests and security." In this case, the occurrence of unrest, damage to public order and security of society is inevitable. This phenomenon can be exacerbated by social learning, criminal government, weak domestic media, criminal acts of dissident media, poor education. Without eliminating the causes of the increase in crime in the period of transition and social and situational prevention, and reforming the governance structure, we can not see successful preventive growth in the field of education alone.

The main purpose of this study is to design a model for measuring public political trust in government. In order to identify the indicators and components, Q technique has been used. For this reason, the forum was first compiled using the research literature. Then the representative of the forum was formed using the opinions of experts. A mix of MPs, organizational experts, university professors and ordinary people (30 people) were selected as participants in the Q technique. Finally, by collecting and analyzing the opinions of the participating group, a mental model (politicalism) was identified. According to the results, the general trend of political trust decreases with increasing level of education. Among the indicators of trust in political institutions, the least trust has been directed to the executive branch and the Guardian Council, respectively, which is probably part of this issue due to socio-political actions and events during the research period. This is while the level of trust in the official military and law enforcement forces of the country, such as the police, the army, etc., has the highest average. Also, the level of political trust will affect the level of public trust in government organizations in a society. The result is that the degree to which people gain the trust of bureaucracies can be a criterion for valuing and determining political trust. In this way, governments can use the tools to improve public trust in government organizations to promote political trust.

The aim of this study is a qualitative study of social and cultural contexts of social vitality in urban life. This research is considered as a fundamental research in terms of purpose. In this research, with a qualitative approach and using the method of content analysis, the qualitative study of social vitality in urban life (including causal conditions, contexts, intervening conditions, and its consequences) and the creation of a network of themes have been studied. The results showed that the data obtained from the interview were analyzed using the content analysis method. In this way, first the interviews were recorded in a coherent and integrated text and then coded and similar codes were placed in conceptual categories under the title of organizing themes. Based on the results of the analysis of interviews and media-related sources using content analysis, 11 comprehensive themes related to the areas of social vitality in urban life have been extracted. Also, these 11 comprehensive themes include personal context, social context, cultural context, economic factors, political factors, man-made environment, urban civic infrastructure, media, discharge of negative emotions, obstacles, consequences, which itself consists of 37 organizing themes. 239 basic themes have been compiled. It is noteworthy that in this article, the words cheerfulness, happiness, joy and happiness are used interchangeably.

Cultural citizenship is the acceptance of the presence of citizens with cultural differences. The importance of cultural citizenship has become much greater in today's world under the critique of the common meaning of citizenship, which defines general rules for the subjects of a country and a political unit, given the diversity of population. In Iran, in terms of having diversity of people in terms of ethnicity, language, religion, gender, etc., the need to pay attention to cultural citizenship, the scope of which goes beyond mere political citizenship, is inevitable. It is argued that at the hardware level, in addition to foreign influence and intervention, authoritarian modernization and definition by defining a specific pattern of nationalism and at the software level intellectual, cultural and traditional barriers are the most important challenges and Obstacles to the realization of the cultural citizenship approach in Iran have been found. Go beyond and recognize the fundamentals of cultural citizenship.

The root of legitimacy must be sought in the political sciences, and since international law is closely related to this science, and especially international relations, the legitimacy of the state will inevitably emerge in international law. There are various theories on the indicators and criteria of government legitimacy in contemporary international law and on what basis they are based. Sometimes the legitimacy of the government intersects with the rights of the people, in which case identifying the criteria for the legitimacy of the government seems very complicated, including civil war in countries. The extent to which the government relies on the element of legitimacy will be at odds with issues such as the right to self-determination and humanitarian law. In countries such as Afghanistan and Yemen, there are militant groups and armed activities and struggles against the ruling government that the ruling governments, based on legitimacy, deal with them militarily and suppress them, or the ruling governments or groups. Insurgent groups seek help from other countries and invite them to intervene in the internal affairs of that country. The question now is, where does the legitimacy of such governments come from and is it compatible with contemporary international law?

Failure to apply the rules may result in objection to the arbitrators themselves and the courts, and if the objections are accepted, the effect of not applying them will be to invalidate or annul the arbitral award. The effect of this violation will also vary depending on the subject of the protest. However, disputes must be fully resolved. As a result of the violation, it may be possible to resume the same trial with the same arbitral tribunal, even though a new arbitral tribunal should be established and the issue should be resolved in such a way that the dispute can be resolved through arbitration. In this case, you should refer to the competent court. Of course, sometimes it is possible that the dispute can not be settled through the court, and that is when the issue includes the validity of the case. The most important point after the annulment of the initial arbitral award in the country of origin is that other courts in other countries do not have the right to recognize and enforce the annulled or annulled award. Disrupting international public order is a matter of respect for the court of the place of arbitration, and this is contrary to the principle of international decency. The effect of the protest and its acceptance in the stage of recognizing and enforcing the verdict will also lead to the non-recognition and enforcement by the courts of the place of execution.

Today, banking and financial intermediation is one of the most important economic sectors. Banks and financial and credit institutions facilitate trade and commerce by organizing and directing receipts and payments and promoting markets and economic growth and prosperity. Banks' involvement in Banks ownership, since the banking system is financed in Iran, will have adverse consequences on economic growth and it is not unreasonable to return to existing factors such as corporations. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of banks 'performance as well as Banks ownership on the Iranian economy. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose-based classification; in terms of method, it is a descriptive-correlational research based on regression analysis using panel data. Historical information is also used to test hypotheses in the present study, so the design of this study is quasi-experimental (post-event). In this study, data on 20 sample banks over a period of 18 years between 1380-97 were analyzed to investigate the relationship between variables to test the research hypothesis. The activity of banks and especially Banks ownership affect economic growth and decrease the economic growth of the country.

Despite the fact that the suspension of punishment is the recommendation of the new school of social defense in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century and can be used as a precise and effective tool for issuing fair sentences and solving the problem of crime, which is currently a major problem in societies. And limit the recurrence of the crime, but it seems that the courts have treated it very unkindly and there is no interest in its application by the courts. Therefore, examining the obstacles and problems in the implementation of the legal establishment of suspension of punishment, especially in the courts of appeal, is one of the important issues that can be effective in reducing the recurrence of crime and also reducing the criminal population.The research method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey and documentary information collection method. The statistical population of this study includes the judges of the Court of Appeal of Kermanshah province. They are in the second place in the application of suspension of punishment and in both formal and substantive conditions, the organizational and judicial dimensions and the executive dimension have the highest impact and the social dimension has the least impact on the process of legal establishment of suspension of punishment.

Mythical genre is one of the genres of Iranian cinema that, despite its importance among genres and cinematic currents, as well as its undeniable impact on cinema audiences, has not received much attention from film experts and critics. The subject of this research is to study the role and influence of Iranian screenwriter and director Abdolhossein Spanta in creating this kind of cinema. Spanta was one of the few Iranian directors who, with his knowledge and awareness of the culture and history of ancient Iran, turned to the emerging art of cinema. Relying on this support and subconscious, he established a kind of filmmaking in Iranian cinema that became known as a myth. Although his presence in Iranian cinema, both as a screenwriter and as a director, was limited to five films, this seemingly small activity had a tremendous impact on the Iranian filmmaking movement, both at the time and after his life. This research tries to propose a theory in which Abdolhossein Spanta, as one of the first Iranian directors and filmmakers, was the founder of the foundations of Iranian mythical cinema. The research method in this research is typological and based on Spanta's works, library and internet resources. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to achieve his influence on the emergence of a kind of myth in Iranian cinema.

Agham Mohammad Bidabadi (d. 1198 AH), jurist, sage, theologian, scholar, mystic and ascetic of the 12th century AH, son of Mullah Rafi Gilani, one of the Shiite sages and philosophers and one of the students of Seyyed Qutbuddin Nirizi Shirazi. It had a Safavid period. In this regard, the present article tries to study and explore the most important components of reviving Shiite mysticism in political thought and the works of Bidabadi by descriptive and analytical methods.Findings show that humility, kindness, contentment, distance from the court of kings, training talented students such as Mullah Ali Nouri, writing mystical letters, renewing the wisdom and philosophy of Mulla Sadra, fighting monastic Sufism, reviving Quranic and Shiite wisdom, linking Sharia Truth and path with the intention of approaching God, emphasizing moderation, moderation, imitation or ijtihad for Shiite seekers, love for all human beings and emphasizing the importance of science and love of Ahl al-Bayt and visiting the graves of Imams in acquiring knowledge, the most important components of promoting Shiite mysticism Has been in political thought and works of Bidabadi.

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework to explain the role of the University of Applied Sciences in the development of future careers with a futures research approach. In the present study, retrospective and Delphi methods have been used as futures research methods and structural equation methods to present the model. Therefore, at first, with the retrospective approach, two scenarios of Karafarin University and meeting the needs of local communities were selected as future scenarios or prospects of a comprehensive scientific-applied university. It should be noted that the reason for choosing the above scenarios is the overlap of these scenarios with the upstream documents of the country such as the document of strategic transformation of science and technology, document of Islamic University, comprehensive scientific map of the country, general policies of science and technology, 20-year vision document and general policies The system is for the development of science and technology. Then, using the Delphi method, the job characteristics required for holding future jobs and the educational approaches of universities to develop competencies were identified and extracted. Also, the results of the present study showed that the current situation of the University of Applied Sciences based on the required fields and skills and future jobs is not desirable. Finally, the model of explaining the role of the University of Applied Sciences in developing future jobs The structure was approved and fitted.

Prevention of juvenile delinquency is a very important issue that has been considered by both domestic legal systems and international authorities and documents. Therefore, it is necessary and necessary to involve criminal and non-governmental institutions to prevent preventive measures. To be paid. Active and non-criminal prevention, especially social prevention, are among the most important preventive measures in the field of juvenile delinquency. The question of the present study is which institutions can be considered as contributing to crime prevention and what role can governmental and non-governmental institutions play in applying a comprehensive approach? The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research that was collected and analyzed using library resources. Crime prevention in the world today is seen as an activity that must comply with a series of specific laws and regulations. Lack of clear rules and regulations and uniform and coherent management in the field of crime prevention management in Iran has caused many problems. Lack of a comprehensive and inconsistent approach between governmental and non-governmental institutions in the field of crime prevention, as well as the lack of a clear legal framework for crime prevention problems in Iran. Various organizations to play a role in this field.

Obviously, all human beings need the support of those around them and their friends in times of trouble to feel safe. Therefore, social support can play an important role in optimism. In addition, another important aspect of humanistic action that is related to one's optimism is spirituality, and people with spiritual tendencies respond better to the situation when faced with harm and better manage the situation that produces pressure. کردن. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict optimism based on spiritual intelligence and social support in individuals. To conduct this research, samples including 200 people (100 males, 100 females) were selected from the teachers of Tehran Region 1, and this selection was done as available samples. Also, three questionnaires of optimism, social support and spiritual intelligence and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used as research tools and statistical data analysis method. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and optimism and it is concluded that increasing spiritual intelligence in individuals can increase optimism. However, there is no significant correlation between the studied variables and the optimism variable in men.

The need for quality in audit services arises from the lack of information symmetry between company executives and investors. Since it is a question of valuing a company's stock, auditing is one way to determine the validity of financial statement information. The present study is a quasi-experimental and applied study and was conducted after different stages by qualitative or judgmental methods. The qualitative part of the research included interviews with experts. Therefore, the statistical population consisted of experts familiar with the subject of research (university professors and experts in the field of accounting and auditing). The external audit quality control model consists of 8 components. These components included the external quality of the audit, legal requirements, professional standards, professional independence, professional ethics standards, audit clients, professional staff of auditing firms, competition in the auditing market, and the general public. In order to measure the variables, the survey method of experts and employees of the auditing organization and auditing firms under review has been used. Therefore, in order to determine the relationship between the variables, the estimation of structural equations was used by Smart-PLS software.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of e-citizen education in the curriculum of the second year of high school. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection and has been done in both quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population in the qualitative section is 30 experts in the field of educational sciences and in the quantitative section are 270 educational administrators, counselors, experts and administrators of secondary schools in Golestan province. Among them, 159 people were selected as the sample size based on the Cochran sample size formula and based on stratified random sampling method. The data collection method of the present study consists of two parts, which include library studies and field research. An open researcher-made interview and questionnaire were used to collect field information. Structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method has been used to design the initial model of e-citizen education. The partial least squares method was used to validate the model. In the qualitative part, content analysis of Maxqda software and structural-interpretive analysis with MicMac and at least partial squares with Smart PLS have been performed.

The present study aims to provide a policy model for the development of professional skills to create sustainable rural employment with a resilient economy approach. The present study, based on the purpose, is applied in terms of nature and research method, descriptive and spatial, has library and field characteristics. This research requires a survey of the statistical population consisting of statistical units and therefore the survey method (field finding) of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) was selected to classify and prioritize the components identified by the fuzzy AHP technique for ranking. The identified components and the DEMATEL technique were used to identify the effectiveness of the components in this study. The statistical population includes 18 highly experienced employees, middle managers and senior managers who work in the technical and professional (rural sector), the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy and Finance according to the census method. The findings of the qualitative part of the research introduced these indicators affecting sustainable rural employment: personal development, social system, government, infrastructure, economic system and resources. Then, the sub-criteria related to each of the 6 main criteria were extracted. Fuzzy ANP outputs show indicators: individual development, social system, government, infrastructure, economic system and resources; Respectively, they have the greatest impact on creating sustainable rural employment with a resilient economy approach. The results of this study show that the effective components in creating sustainable rural employment with a resistance economy approach are the social system, economic system, government, infrastructure and resources, respectively.

According to Gramsci, the successful implementation of decisions, macro policies and strategies of any political system depends on the nature of government (civil society and political society). If the political community is not derived from civil society, decisions and policies will either not be implemented or, if implemented, will require high costs, resistance from members of the community, and ultimately the use of force. In the meantime, the formation of the state and its nature depend on the activity of intellectuals in Gramsci's intended sense. Therefore, the present study seeks to understand the role of intellectuals in political society and the factors influencing their failure to form a government in the Pahlavi period. The results show that in the late Qajar period, due to the lack of social status in civil society, intellectuals pursued the project of capturing political society by resorting to "enlightened tyranny". Since the intellectuals lacked power in the civic arena, they inevitably focused on eliminating their rivals by using Pahlavi and relying on coercion and force, in order to manipulate public culture by force of the sword and establish a foothold in the civil arena. Build and reproduce the semantic system of the modern state. The lack of precise vision of the intellectuals led them to create, in Hobbes' words, a "leviathan" with which to trade their freedom. But as Leviathan's power increased, so did his achievements, to the point that political society became the slaughterhouse of intellectuals.

The Paris Agreement is one of the most important global climate change agreements that has created requirements in international and domestic laws that have affected the rights of individuals and human rights in various cases. The purpose of this article is to explain the human consequences of climate change. Emphasis is placed on human rights considerations and the 2015 Paris Convention. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the study showed that climate change and measures taken to reduce climate change and adapt to the adverse effects of those communities and nations have been severely affected and a threat to the destruction of people's culture, uninhabitable land ‌ Their deprivation of livelihoods, the global spread of deadly diseases, and the serious threat to human rights to international peace and security. The negative impact of water resources and the effective enjoyment of the right to water and food has also been exacerbated by climate events, such as floods and droughts. Therefore, States Parties to the Convention on Climate Change should incorporate general support into the climate change system in their climate change activities and, by providing sufficient transparency, the opportunity for public participation in decision-making processes. - Create a catch. It is therefore necessary to integrate human rights considerations into the relevant processes of the United Nations Structural Convention on Climate Change, including any institutional and legal structure resulting from the agreed results of the new negotiations.

The main purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and metacognition on reducing rumination in depressed patients. For this purpose, first, by available sampling method among patients referred to Motamedi Hospital and Roshna Counseling Center, who received a diagnosis of mental rumination based on clinical interview and also based on research scales, have mental rumination symptoms for They were registered, 36 of those who met the necessary criteria to participate in the study were studied and randomly divided into three groups of 12, including I1 test (depressed patients with rumination), I2 test (depressed patients with Rumination) and control I (depressed patients with rumination) were replaced. In the next step, Nolen-Hoxma and Moro (1991) mental rumination questionnaire was performed on the subjects of all three groups and the obtained scores were considered as pre-test scores. Then, the members of I1 experimental groups, in 8 treatment sessions once a week, which lasted about 1.5 hours, under the intervention of "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" and the members of I2 experimental groups in Eight sessions of treatment once a week, lasting about 1.5 hours, underwent "metacognitive therapy" intervention; This was while the subjects in control group I did not receive any intervention. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in reducing mental rumination in depressed patients. However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention and metacognitive therapy on reducing rumination in depressed patients. Metacognitive therapy is also effective in reducing mental rumination in depressed patients.

The school of segregation is one of the schools of thought that has become important in Shiite thought and seminaries. This school is basically an epistemological and methodological theoretical expression in terms of how to understand religious texts, which emphasizes the distinction between the three methods in a particular type of religious knowledge, namely, narration, philosophy and mysticism. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of discovering the study of justice and installments in the wise political views and behavior towards politics and governance, including the revolution in the formation of the Egyptian revolution, seeks to answer the question of how the 2011 Egyptian revolution can be Analyzed the angle of the school of justice? The hypothesis presented in this regard is that in the formation of the Egyptian revolution, this view of the school of segregation that has influenced the fundamental changes in politics and political functions, especially by emphasizing the issue of installment and justice in the eyes of Hakimi. In the end, it can be concluded that in the process of revolutionary struggles in Egypt, the political behavior of the Muslim Brotherhood movement, the people and the government in practice, included participation in political struggles and in the theoretical field included participation in politics.

 However, there are gaps in existing studies in this area. Therefore, the present study has been to explain and test the high performance formation model through the method of thematic analysis with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations. The present study is considered from a pragmatic research methodology perspective; first, to explain the model through a thematic method and through in-depth interviews with 20 managers and experts in the field of public administration, and in the next step to measure the model of formation. High performance with the approach of reducing social invalidity among 375 managers and employees of government organizations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. The results of the coding of the interviews showed that the model of high-performance work systems with a social invalidity reduction approach includes three main themes of high-performance work procedures with a social invalidity reduction approach (structural and team-level procedures); Teamwork and organizational results); intermediate conditions (behavioral factors and psychological factors). Also, the results of structural equation analysis and path analysis by partial least squares (PLS) showed that structural levels (monitoring procedures, performance evaluation and reward procedures) on behavioral factors (organizational citizenship behavior; communication). ) And psychological factors (trust; employee affiliation) have a significant effect and through these factors lead to team results (behavioral results, motivational results, functional results) and organizational results (motivational results; functional results).

Although green management is the indicators to assess performance effectiveness in executive organizations and its implement the strategies of the 5th and 6th Development Plans the executive regulations of the ‘Green Development Plan’, effective actions have not been reported. This research aims to provide a Green Management Model for Social Responsibility; Considering the role of Accountability in Executive Organizations. The statistical population of this research consists of two groups of managers and assistants of executive organizations from with a sample size of 360 people (cluster-random sampling method) and expert community with 32 by snowball sampling method. Data analysis included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling with SPSS and AMOS software. The reliability of the research was studied by a survey filled by university professors and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results showed that green management can predict Social responsibility in executive organizations. Green management has positive and significant relationship with organizational social responsibility; also, there a significant relationship between variables with the mediating role of accountability. among the variables of this research, leadership from green management, leadership and processes within the organization from the social responsibility and organizational accountability from accountability have the highest priorities in these organizations. Comparing the results for the three provinces showed :1) There is a significant difference between them in regards to green management (leadership), Social responsibility with the mediating role of accountability; 2) Tehran gained the highest rank in green management and organizational social responsibility and Kerman gained the highest rank in accountability.

The present study examines the level of social security and recognizes the most important factors related to it. This research is of an applied type with an explanatory purpose and the research method is survey and a questionnaire tool has been used to collect data. research sample was 400 young people aged 20-35 years old living in Tabriz who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. According to the results, the average sense of social security of men was 102.10 and women was 86.9. Findings of the study indicate that there is a significant and direct relationship between social order and the feeling of social security, as well as a significant and direct relationship between social capital with the feeling of social security and the use of information technology with a sense of social security. There was no significant relationship between social participation and the feeling of social security. There was no significant difference in the mean index of social security in terms of education level, marital status and social class. There was a significant difference in the average sense of social security according to the gender of the respondents. So that the average feeling of security of men was higher than women. There was also no significant relationship between income and the feeling of social security. respectively, have remained in the model and the other variables have been left out of the equation. . In total, these variables were able to explain 58.8% of the changes in the dependent variable.

Discourse analysis is a method that has been developed in the context of postmodern thought. In the present study, Aref Qazvini's lyric poems have been studied and analyzed in the framework of critical discourse analysis and using the representation model of Van Levon's social agents. The main issue of the research is as follows: How Aref has used the naming and classification of social actors to express his views. Based on this, first the naming and classification components in each bit were determined, then by statistical calculations and according to the frequency of the components, the amount of references was determined. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and using library-documentary sources, the researcher has studied and read the issue of naming in the field of Aref Qazvini poems and has discussed the reasons for using these names. The results of this study show that Aref has used the most explicit components such as naming to represent social agents. Also, the methods of representation and illustration of social agents show the mystic position well.

Intertextuality is a textualist theory that analyzes and interprets the meaning of texts, reading and receiving text in the poststructuralist paradigm. Divan-e Qaemiyat is also a poem by Hassan Mahmoud Katib (645) nicknamed Jalaluddin. The aim of the present study is to show to what extent and how the intertextual dependence of Divan Ghaemiyat on Sanai poems is. For this purpose, after identifying all the appearances of Sanai's poems in Ghaemiyat Divan, these texts were quoted, referred to, alluded to, and plagiarized through Gerard Genet's intertextual theory and four types of intertextuality. The purpose of research is to better understand and understand the meaning of the poems of Divan Ghaemiyat through discovering and analyzing various intertextual relations. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The result of the research showed that the extensive intertextual relationship of Divan Ghaemiyat with Sanai works is not explicit and only of the type of quotation and reference, but in some poems, implicit and hidden intertextuality, ie types of allusion and literary theft, are also present. Therefore, most of the presence of some texts of Sanai poems is evident in this divan.

Adaptation to schools today has a special role in the emotional, cognitive and educational development of children and can have a significant impact on their future and career choices, so to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between Initial maladaptive schemas and school adaptation, this study was performed. For this purpose, a sample with a cluster random method that includes 408 seventh and eighth grade students, girls and boys high school in the second district of Tehran was selected and the required information was collected using standard questionnaires. Was collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation matrix and structural equation modeling. The results of correlation matrix study showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between the total score of early maladaptive schemas in all areas and adaptation to the school and a significant and positive relationship between the total score of psychological capital and adaptation to the school in the total score. In addition, the results of the structural modeling test to measure indirect relationships also showed that early maladaptive schemas can indirectly predict social, emotional, and academic adjustment through psychological capital. Therefore, considering the importance of the study period and students 'adaptation to the school and its impact on students' future, these results are more important and due to the learnability of the components of psychological capital, it can be used to reduce the destructive role of schemas. Incompatibility helped in adapting to the school.

Competence means competence to have the right and its actions, which in the division and definitions provided by jurists include two common types: first: the ability to enjoy and second, the ability to resign, is a characteristic of non-possessed wild animals and the animal Wildlife is absolutely and generally the right party and under no circumstances is the right subject because the wild animal has no owner and the custodian of the wild animal, the Environmental Protection Agency does not have the right to sell and trade wildlife, on the other hand the natural rights of wild animals such as: right to life Freedom, evolution, nest and habitat, nutrition and reproduction and the like have been explained by the Shari'a, so it is certain that wild animals have the ability to enjoy and have the right, but the ability to resign and exercise the right is also fixed and certain due to the ability to enjoy. Commitment to an object is commitment to its accessories, and accepting a right requires accepting its accessories and the consequences of that right. Wild animals are equal to human beings in terms of natural rights and are not subject to the right. The issue of being right is only about the domesticated and possessed animal. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and the most important outcome and its result is the identification of the institution of competence and stone for wild animals

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for selecting educational directors of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data type and emerging data in terms of nature and type of data study. The study population consists of all experts in the field. Based on the theoretical method of snowball sampling and based on the theoretical saturation of the data, 15 experts were selected for interview. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in which the dimensions, components and indicators of the selection model of educational directors of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance were set. For the mentioned interview form, first all national and global models, findings, studies and theories were reviewed, then, by open coding, the indicators were counted and categorized through dimensions, dimensions, components and indicators, and for 15 experts. Dimensions and components were identified and identified through interviews, Delphi technique and brainstorming through selective coding. As a result, 4 dimensions, 21 components and 150 indicators were finalized for the selection model of educational directors of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. After the final approval and prioritization of the experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were drawn, and the mentioned model was re-validated by the experts.

Efficient, specialized, and motivated human resources in different jobs and positions are among the factors playing a strategic role in achieving organizational goals. An invertible issue in this regard is the withdrawal of the workforce from various organizational levels for different reasons (e.g., resignation, retirement, promotion, or even death). Succession planning is one program that provides the best competent staff for the organization's key jobs when needed. This research aims to design a comprehensive model of succession management in the banking system. This research is developmental and applied research in terms of its purpose, descriptive survey and exploratory in terms of its nature and method, and a mixed study in terms of research data. A questionnaire was used in this research to collect quantitative data. Based on a qualitative approach and through semi-structured interview tools, the data were collected from the opinions of 12 experts. Overall, the obtained items have 5 indicators and 34 components. Components and indicators of succession planning in key occupations of the Agriculture Bank of Iran were identified, and the final model was presented. The introduced model is the first model of the Agriculture Bank of Iran. Furthermore, regarding the comprehensiveness of its factors, this tool can be highly generalized and used for other similar regulatory organizations.

Simultaneously with the beginning of the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar in Iran, the institution of Shiite authority appeared in the structure of the Shiite clergy and gained the same credibility as the founding of the monarchy in the realm of Sharia. The method of research is descriptive-analytical and based on the sources of that era and contemporary research has been done and shows that after the fall of Safavid rule and the departure of the religion from the domination of the government, a suitable platform was provided for the activities of more dynamic Shiite currents. The emergence of new phenomena in the structure of religion was realized. Then the intensification of competition for publicity among fundamentalist scholars, conflicts with the emerging sects of Sheikh and Babi and the need to deal effectively with environmental threats, respectively, led to the evolution of the idea of ​​authority, the unity of the clergy and consensus on the first general authority. He succeeded Sheikh Morteza Ansari. After a period of hardship following the death of Sheikh Ansari and the re-establishment of the competition, Mirza Mohammad Hassan Shirazi gained general acceptance and authority by playing the leading role in the tobacco movement.

the real sector of the economy in the country is one of the most important indicators that changes and forecasts of future trends are closely related to policy, market risk and market uncertainty. In this regard, in the present study, the effects of macroeconomic uncertainty on the forecast of future activities of the real sector of the economy in Iran during the period 1991 to 2019 have been investigated. In order to analyze the data, ARDL method was used, all analyzes were performed with the help of Eviews10 software. Findings showed that macroeconomic confidence improves the predictability of future activities of the real sector of the economy. It was also observed that macroeconomic uncertainty can affect the forecast of future activities of the real sector of the economy in the short and long term, thus confirming the hypotheses presented in the study. Uncertainty refers to factors that are likely to influence investors' financial decisions, such as future government policies, financial trends, and their potential impacts. At the macro level, uncertainty in economic policies leads to a decrease in the growth rate of employment and investment and increases in stock value fluctuations. Also, this uncertainty in economic policies affects employment and the business market (unemployment and self-employment). Thus, the labor market and employment, as an important market in the economy, are affected by uncertainty in economic policies.

In today's ,Criminal responsibility complex society’s Criminal responsibility in simple societies of the past cannot be completely equated; modern societies usually have a detailed set of criminal rules. It is not possible for a girl to be held responsible for a certain age at a particular age, especially at the age of nine for all criminal law; if we are to hold a nine-year-old girl accountable for all black crimes, we must inevitably have lower offenses and penalties. The child at such an age is still unable to conceive many of the concepts of the material and spiritual element of crime. According to the rule of law and the rules of law, subject matter and the legislator's compliance with the prominent legal opinions of Iran, the age of puberty is the basis for determining the age of criminal responsibility for children. In post-revolutionary law, it is nine years for girls and fifteen years for boys. As a result of reaching adulthood, it is not a matter of achieving criminal growth and must set a certain age for criminal development so that children who are legally adolescent but do not have criminal development are not prosecuted unjustly.

Sustainability literature is a subset of political literature committed to society that arises in the context of people's lives and social change and is rooted in the distant past and defending culture and countering the invasion of foreigners and domestic oppression. It led to the growth of this type of literature. In ancient Iranian societies, for some reason, people had less opportunity to participate in society and comment, and only a limited number of speakers and thinkers of Persian literature in their works have paid attention to sustainability literature and this type of literature in contemporary times - and After constitutionalism, it is arranged and named, but as one of the manifestations of the socio-political literature of Iran, examples of it can be seen and considered in the remaining works before and after Islam. Sustainability is a strong chapter of literature that is rooted in the depth of Iranian culture and literature. Various pre-constitutional issues are examined and analyzed to determine that in the history of our country and in the face of foreign invasions, movements were formed and also influenced in the texts of prose and prose, which can be considered and proven as manifestations of stability literature. Political literature has a long history in the literary history of this land.

As a result of the problems and shortcomings of traditional budgeting, governments have decided to change the method of budgeting. One of these, which was favored by governments with the aim of restructuring government operations based on product programs and activities, was the performance-based budgeting method. Naturally, the change in budgeting will be different from the current budgeting of a government in some material situations and, consequently, will face obstacles and difficulties. However, the barriers and challenges of performance-based budgeting are problematic. According to the descriptive-analytical research, one of the main barriers and challenges to performance-based budgeting is the failure to properly implement budget reforms, cost analysis constraints, financial constraints, manageable barriers and constraints. The plan is. Problems arising from the changes and changes in the budget structure as well as the lack of acceptance by the managers will create some resistance in the implementation of the programs. On the other hand, the lack of adequate legal requirements and the lack of government supportive policies for performance-based budgeting, as well as the lack of proper evaluation of the performance of government agencies by the community as part of the barriers to performance-based budgeting. 

The present study aimed to design a qualitative model of cooperation strategies in financial service supply chains. This research was descriptive in terms of data collection method and qualitative in terms of implementation method. In the qualitative section, using the content analysis approach, the dimensions and components of cooperation strategies in the supply chain were identified and the researcher designed a qualitative model of the cooperation strategies model using the qualitative method based on the components of vision theory. Identified cooperation strategy based on 5-component vision theory Sensitivity reduction (sub-criteria: participation of financing service providers, technical expertise of financing service providers, flexibility of financing service providers), profit expansion (sub-criteria: directing financing management, supervision and control, optimal contract management), avoidance Loss (sub-criteria: investment facilitation, financial allocation, cost management), probability coefficient (sub-criteria: understanding target customers and meeting their expectations, mutual trust between financing service providers and financing agents, relationship quality) and reference dependence (Sub-criteria: attracting partner support policies, analyzing competitors' activities, research and development in the field of financial services success).

In this article, we examine citizenship rights in Iran during the Qajar era from the point of view of European journalists traveling to Iran during the Qajar period and have identified the dimensions of citizenship rights in them. Real travel letters written in different historical periods, especially during the Qajar period, contain valuable information that can be studied by realities of social, political, economic, geographic and natural status. It may not be possible to reach them in other sources. The methodology used in this research is a descriptive analytical study of books, articles, and resources related to the topic. From this point of view, the rights of the citizen, who lies in the deepening of these facts, can be found among the writings of the travelogue. The result of the research shows that the Iranian society in that era did not enjoy a favorable status in terms of citizenship rights and observance of its standards, and many people were deprived of these natural rights, which were their rights. People have not been aware of almost all aspects of citizenship rights, including their natural, political, economic and judicial rights, and if they are aware, they are less likely to benefit from it. People did not have any political participation at all, and autocratic and authoritarian governments at the top of that king did not allow them. In terms of livelihood, people were in dire straits. The state of health and medical services has not been defined,

Analysis of "conventional civil liability resulting from act of other" and its examples with a comparative study of French lawAbstract"Conventional civil liability resulting from act of other" is one of the types of liability resulting from act of other. This type of civil liability has both theoretical and practical importance. Many cases of this type of liability are also mentioned in special laws. Despite this, there is no comprehensive and general rule for it in Iranian and even French law. The issue is whether it is possible to generalize specific cases by induction and reach a general and comprehensive rule or not? There are two viewpoints. The opinion of most jurists is that such a thing is both possible and necessary. In this article, in addition to enumerating the reasons for this viewpoint, the reasons for the opposite viewpoint are also criticized. The purpose of this article is not only theoretical, but to explain and establish a general rule in the legal system of comparative and domestic civil liability in the form of a specific rule of "conventional civil liability resulting from act of other" so that in applicable cases, by default, with refer to its general position, the verdict of the subject is determined.Key words: conventional civil liability resulting from act of other, Iranian law, French law, comparative law.

Crime and its spread in the world is a matter as old as the history of mankind, since the beginning of human civilizations, including the civilization of early humans until now, efforts have always been made to fight this norm-breaking phenomenon. The historical development of responding to crimes shows the importance of the right to freedom and the value of protecting and achieving it in various societies. Responding to the perpetrators of crimes throughout the history of criminal law has started from private prosecution in primitive societies and has been left to the guardians of security in modern societies. Different authorities and governments, according to the type of their criminal policy models, consider the realization of security types as a right, first of all for the stability of societies, and choose it in the form of the criminal justice process in the choice of youths. are Thus, since the realization of security, stability and continuity is a right for citizens and a task for governments, it must be based on standards and derived from principles that are free of the least objections and dangers, the rights of citizens and society. Guarantee it. The current research has studied the model and manifestation of criminal policy with a descriptive-analytical method and has finally reached this important achievement that the Islamic Penal Code of Iran was adopted based on the inclusive authoritarian model and with a reform and treatment approach.

Architecture and cinema, apart from their functional aspect of creating space, in the process of understanding space, both include common principles that are mixed by architects and directors. The aim of the upcoming research is to identify and analyze Koker's trilogy films in Kiarostami's cinema with a phenomenological approach. For this purpose, in the form of the case study method and with an analytical and phenomenological approach to space, firstly based on theoretical studies, the phenomenological approach to space in cinema has been examined, then by using Merleau-Ponty's interpretive phenomenological method and Sobchak's model, the role of space and the possibility of using The interaction between architecture and cinema has been reread in Kiarostami's works, and in the final step, using this approach, a model of the relationship between the evolution of architecture and cinema space has been presented. The results show that architecture and cinema can be mediators for the presentation of meaning, which can be shared between different fields and media. In fact, architecture and cinema consist of common basic elements such as scene, space, light, movement and vision. The set of these elements together define the character of Kiarostami's cinema, which is actually the essence of his cinema. Kiarostami's cinema is a general and qualitative phenomenon that cannot be reduced to any of the characteristics of that example of normal human communication without losing its true nature.