نشریه قرآن و علم
پیاپی 30 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

One of the most important topics in the field of criminology is “reformation and treatment of criminals”, which nowadays mostly means rehabilitation and carrying out the necessary activities to return them to a healthy social life; This therapy is not only focused on psychological therapy; rather, it includes all technical and professional education and consulting measures, etc. Analyzing this important task in the Holy Quran is the subject of this article, which tries to provide a general view of the important aspects of this discussion by extracting and analyzing related Quranic statements and narratives. The findings of the research indicate that the Quran, due to its attributes of “healing” and “mercy”, its various dimensions such as words (recitation, reading and listening) and content (rich non-Quranic knowledge and teachings) can be used as a model in the treatment of criminals should be mentioned along with other human models, which, of course, have significant characteristics in comparison. The exact extraction of the foundations and principles and mechanisms and methods of reforming the Quran and their practical testing require many other pieces of research.

Undoubtedly, clarifying the boundaries and limitations of the “Issue of the comprehensiveness of the Quran” plays a fundamental role in understanding and interpreting the verses, especially the “scientific verses of the Quran.” Each of the commentators and Quran scholars has followed a certain method and tendency in explaining this issue and determining its scope. This caused many agreements and disagreements in this regard. Considering that Ayatullah Ma’rifat’s viewpoint is usually useful in the propositions of Quranic sciences and various exegetical topics. In this research, the using of rational and narrative methods and data collection through the library and their analysis in a descriptive-analytical manner, considering the contributions of this Quranic scholar in the contemporary period regarding the “scientific comprehensiveness of the Holy Quran”, we arrange this research. From his point of view, in the scientific verses of the Quran, there are “scientific emanations” that have been revealed from the Holy of Holies of the Wise God and to guide mankind. This expert scholar of the Quran in the contemporary period, citing several rational and narrative reasons, thinks that the comprehensiveness of this series of verses is the comprehensiveness of guidance. He emphasizes that unproven scientific theories should not be imposed on the verses of the Quran and should not be compared with their contents. He also believes that the more a person has benefited from the achievements of science and knowledge, the better he will achieve the most revelatory concepts

The Holy Quran is the last divine book that was revealed to guide the world by the seal of Prophet Muhammad (P). According to Infallible Figures (A.S), the Quran has a beautiful exterior and a very deep interior. Due to its interiority, the Quran has freshness in every period and time. Quran is a book that anyone who adheres to it will be guided to happiness and whoever avoids it will go astray. The country’s higher education system in Iran is one of the most important, role-playing and influential centers in the field of training young people and future managers of the country. This research seeks to examine the quantitative position of the Quran among the disciplines of study of the country’s higher education system, focusing on the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and it has been tried to use authentic documents and library studies and the use of computer networks and Diagrams and summary and descriptive-analytical and sometimes critical analysis to achieve accurately and close to real results. The conducted studies show that forty years have passed since the victory of the glorious Islamic revolution in Iran, even though the presence of the Quran in the country’s higher education system is more than before the revolution, the Holy Quran still does not have a proper and worthy position among the academic disciplines of the country’s higher education system, and it is far from what is expected. Therefore, to reach the high position of the Holy Quran in the higher education system, there is a need for more and special attention and planning from the relevant authorities

The miracle of the Quran has various dimensions, one of the most important of which is the scientific miracle. The educational miracle is one of the types of a scientific miracle. Mustafa Rajab is one of the researchers who has claimed an educational miracle about the Reza’ah verse (Baqarah/233). The purpose of the research is to criticize the educational miracle in the verse of Reza’ah from the point of view of Mustafa Rajab. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection and analysis. In this way, to extract the exact definition of miracles and approaches, as well as the claim of educational miracles in Reza’ah verse, related scientific texts and lexical books have been referred and the obtained data have been analyzed. The findings of the research were that there are three approaches to the educational miracle, and the “propositional miracle” is one of the approaches in which the claim of Rajab’s miracle is placed. He claimed miracles about this verse in four ways. First, in choosing the words “wald” and “walidah”; Second, in the selection of the word “la tuzarru’; thirdly, in divorce and inclusion of damages and fourth, in observing the principle of peace in marriage and family education. Criticisms of Rajab’s claim include the use of non-massive recitations to prove the miracle of education, the acceptance of the lexical wonder of the verse, as well as the age-old rules of parent-child relationships without the existence of a miracle, the literary miracle based on the assumption of the existence of a miracle, lack of independence and the subordination of the miracle of education, the confusion of the basis of the educational miracle in the whole Quran with the claim of permission in two verses. The result is that although Rajab’s claim of four cases about the verse was not accepted; but about the establishment of educational and legal principles of parent-child relations, miracles can be put forward

Since the Holy Quran was revealed in the Arabic language and the Arabic language itself is figurative. Therefore, one of the aspects of the simplicity and comprehensibility of the statement of the Holy Quran is the imagery and concreteness of its mental concepts. As a literary text, the Holy Quran has used all the styles of the literary language in the way of expression, and one of these expressive tools is artistic depiction using simile, metaphor, and metaphor. In addition, each word and each sentence, along with its literal meaning, has a special emotional and emotional capacity affected by feedback and attitudes. In the current Research, it is attempted to psychologically examine artistic depictions in Surah Al-Imran by using a descriptive-analytical method. The preliminary results indicate that the artistic images of this surah are different according to the type of audience and that each of them has high emotional and emotional capacities. One of the important goals of each of the artistic images in this surah is to influence the audience and prepare them mentally to accept the truth and deny falsehood. Each of these pictures can be effective as a tool for mental health and promoting education and morals

The stories of the Quran have dramatic aspects and they can be analyzed from this point of view. The word drama in Greek simply means action. Action is the most important element of drama. James Thomas is a theoretician who examines the dramatic text based on the formalist method. In explaining the action of the character, he mentions physical dramatic actions. Physical actions are actions that are expressed non-verbally to explain the physical actions in the stories of the Quran. This research tries to answer the basic question what is the representational aspect of the physical actions in the stories of the Quran? Finally, he reached the hypothesis that whether the stories of the Quran have dramatic aspects or not. The research method is information analysis and inductive-interpretive and descriptive-analytical. The results of the research show that physical actions such as the descent of Adam (A.S) and the ark of Noah (A.S) in the stories of the Quran have dramatic value and these actions can be used in creating dramatic situations

The improvement of the cultural situation of the world depends on the creation of a desirable Quranic culture. Creating the desired culture is a requirement of any transformative program for human development. Achieving such a culture requires various foundations, including the basis of epistemology. The findings of this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical and library data collection method, indicate the following points about the foundations of the epistemology of the desired culture: the Quran’s recommendation to think and increase knowledge; An invitation to know oneself and the world, which expresses the possibility of knowing; A large part of human knowledge is acquired through effort and some of them are with him innately from the beginning of creation, in such a way that it is not possible to invalidate these innate knowledge and choose a path other than innate; The Quran has emphasized both the knowledge acquired through knowledge-by-concept and the knowledge obtained through knowledge-by-presence. To achieve the desired culture, the Quran has emphasized the availability of resources and means of knowledge for mankind. From the Quran’s viewpoint, the only basic source of knowledge to achieve the desired culture is a revelation, which is infallible and to discover and understand it, other sources and tools can be used, such as intellectual perception, senses, innate, discovery and intuition, and history. Another basis of the epistemology of the desired culture in the Quran is the link between theoretical knowledge (existents and non-existents) and practical knowledge (values, the oughts and not-oughts), as theoretical knowledge establishes the basis of practical tendencies

The knowledge of phenomena has always been one of the main concerns of the human community and has paid special attention to this issue throughout the ages. This is a sign of the importance of knowledge and has occupied the minds of wise scientists; because awareness is a reflection of cognitive currents and social schools that have risen in society and made a group of thinkers their supporters and followers. Knowledge of the facts of phenomena is vital for the human community. Epistemology has a special role to judge the validity of human knowledge. The epistemology of systemic management has an objectivist nature and should be analyzed in the framework of the positivist approach. The subject of knowledge is the systemic management of the environment and environmental influencing factors on the system, and reason, objective phenomena and the environment are the sources of its knowledge. The present research, using the combined method of exploratory, meta-composite and inferential (istintaqi) methods, first analyzed the epistemology of system management about the nature, approach, topic and source of knowledge and using the inferential method as key questions, presented the outcomes of knowledge to the Quran for receiving the answer. The findings show that knowledge from the perspective of the Word of Revelation does not have purely material nature and its spiritual dimension is much more prominent. Quran considers knowledge about the environment and its influencing factors to be necessary for the quality of actions and actions of the organization, but the subject of knowledge is developed from the environment and environmental factors, God, man, environment, environmental factors and the relationship between them. It expands them and clarifies that the sources of knowledge are more than nature and instrumental reason, history and revelation

One of the main duties of a manager is to lead the organization’s human resources. The more management knowledge is developed, the more the importance of research and attention to leadership is increased. In Islamic management, many works have been conducted on this topic; but the quantity and quality of these researches have not been investigated, analyzed and leveled. The purpose of this research is to determine the “quantity”, “quality” and “level of analysis” of the Quranic references to leadership in Islamic management sources. This research was conducted with the meta-analysis method and thirty-nine sources that discussed leadership from the perspective of the Holy Quran were examined. The results of the Research indicate that 891 verses were used in terms of quantity in thirty-nine sources, and 178 topics of leadership (with repetition) were paid attention to in total, and the topics were finally categorized into 17 topics and general titles in this article. In terms of the level of analysis, the topics have been analyzed and examined in six levels, which are: “affirmative”, “adaptive”, “comparative”, “critical”, “theorizing” and “model-oriented” citations. Most of the cited verses were in the affirmative and comparative levels, and in the next levels, the amount of research was reduced respectively. At the theorizing and model-oriented levels, no basic, appropriate and comprehensive research has been conducted based on the Quran, while the research should be aimed at theorizing and presenting a model and applying it.

The scientific interpretation of the verses of the Quran and the attribution of miracles to some verses, although has increased the attraction interpretation of the Quran; but, it has not been immune from the harms and dangers of personal opinion interpretation. Familiarity with the correct foundations of scientific interpretation with an emphasis on the scientific miracles of the Quran can prevent the interpreter from the risk of interpreting according to his opinion and applying and imposing scientific propositions on the Quran. The purpose of this research is to get to know the correct foundations of scientific interpretation by two Shia and Sunni commentators and also to evaluate how they apply the foundations of scientific interpretation, focusing on scientific miracles. This research was written with a library method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of this research, in the section on familiarization with the basics, indicate that the correct basics of scientific interpretation from the perspective of Ayatullah Makarem are: interpretation with definite statements of science, compatibility of the appearance of the verse with the relevant scientific statement, Quran is not a book of natural sciences. Also, the basics of scientific interpretation from Marvan Shaaban’s point of view are the use of definite and certain scientific propositions, expertise in the science of interpretation as well as modern science, and the non-exclusivity of the meaning of the verse on the scientific content. In the evaluation section of commentators’ performance in using bases, it is stated that these commentators, although in most cases of scientific interpretation and attribution of miracles to verses, have correctly used bases; in some cases, they have been neglected in applying the basics

Returning to the Quran is one of the social theories of Islamic thinkers that has been proposed in the last two centuries to get rid of the decline and backwardness of Islamic societies. To create such a movement at the level of Islamic society, we need solutions that can be used to return to the Quran in its true sense. The supreme leader of the Islamic revolution in the contemporary era, as one of the leaders of this awakening movement, has recommended scientific solutions to return to the Quran, and paying attention to such solutions will be effective in the development of the Quranic culture and will lead to a return to the Quran at the community level. The Research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and with a historical approach using library documents. The results of the Research indicate: that the solutions of the Supreme Leader for this purpose are: providing a correct and comprehensive interpretation of the Quran, creating disciplines to enter the field of social interpretation of the Quran, Islamizing humanities based on Quranic principles, creating the necessary platforms for theorizing Quranic in humanities and creating Quranic education

Creating security is one of the goals of the righteous government; because their supreme goal is the evolution of mankind and approach to absolute perfection, and by creating the foundations for it, such as the formation of the government, they step in this direction. On the other hand, creating security is one of the most important functions of governments. Therefore, the relationship between security and its impact on the promotion of spirituality is a question that the researcher has tried to answer. The method of this research is theoretical and based on qualitative-explanatory analysis. To collect information, a library method with relevant tools has been used. The sources of information gathering are a composition of books, articles and related websites. In the end, the researcher has come to the point that security dimensions include: military security, economic security, political security, judicial security, intellectual security, religious security, life security, street security, cultural security, temporal security and spatial security are effective in increasing spirituality.

The issue of the origin of gender differences in social roles has always been discussed by thinkers and researchers, especially in sociology. By confirming gender differences, some link the different patterns of female and male roles with biological, and psychological aspects and the functions of role differences among sociologists. On the other hand, almost all feminist theories follow the common principle that femininity and masculinity and the gender roles that result from them make society, with defects in the foundations and results of these theories. Re-reading these opinions and other numerous and diverse viewpoints in the context of gender differences in social roles and their origins on the one hand and the importance and position of the Quran as an authentic source of knowledge makes the question come to mind that despite the division of labor Gender, what is the view of the Holy Quran about the origin of gender differences in social roles? Based on the inferential method, the present research seeks to discover and explain the true origin of female behavior and male behavior or femininity and masculinity (gender) from the perspective of the Quran. The evidence shows that the Quran’s view of the problem is a unified view so that in a comprehensive view of communication, biological aspects such as anatomical differences and physical strength, psychological aspects such as the amount and type of emotions and feelings, and personality characteristics such as will And it considers decision-making and sociological angles based on natural and ultimate aspects such as justice, peace and chastity.

According to the Quranic commentators’ point of view in the domain of international contractual relations, rules mixed with legal values ​​have been legislated in the Holy Quran. According to commentators, the basis of legal justification of obligations arising from international commitments is the value of nature. In this view, the value of nature is the criterion for measuring the validity of the content of international “legal provisions”. In this article, it was proved by the method of legal interpretation that the commentators, according to the divine verses, have this opinion that the moral basis of nature is in the three concepts of the good of keeping the promise, the badness of breaking the contract, and the good of exchange justice, which are effective in determining the scope of the implementation of regulations

Feeling loneliness is an undesirable mental state that stems from the feeling of not being in a relationship with others. The experience of loneliness is a common occurrence among people. On the other hand, according to some Quranic commentators, this psychological mechanism can be repelled and eliminated by creating interest and connection with God, and this pathological internal matter can be controlled by pursuing and confronting it seriously. The present study, with a descriptive-comparative method and with the help of library data, evaluates the opinions of some psychologists based on religious teachings and, by comparative comparison, seeks and finds a solution in this regard. According to the findings of this study, a group of preventive strategies has been presented and its coping strategies have been described in two groups: “bodily-physical” and “psychic-spiritual”. The first group introduced two types of solutions and the second group introduced four types of solutions. With this study, it is possible to confirm some aspects of psychology and religious teachings directly and directionally and emphasize their non-interference, but their complementarity and complementarity with each other

Due to its relation to human life and its importance and sensitivity, retaliation-punishment needs to be explained in its different dimensions. The answer to the doubts of retaliation-punishment as one of the dimensions of retaliation-punishment needs constant investigation, especially in the contemporary period when the opponents of Islam, such as Dr. Soha, have written an independent and voluminous book “Criticism of the Quran” concerning it. This article undertakes to criticize and investigate the suspicions of retaliation-punishment from the mentioned book. Descriptive-analytical and critical methods have been used in reviewing the materials and the library method has been used in collecting the materials. Some of the suspicions of retaliation-punishment, which are under the general title of disproportion between crime and punishment, and the existence of discrimination, have been addressed. After the investigation, we conclude that the mentioned doubts are not included; because each of the retaliation-punishment rulings that were mentioned as examples of the suspicion of disproportion between the crime and the punishment, such as the retaliation-punishment of an organ, the retaliation-punishment of a crowd against a person, the retaliation-punishment of a reluctant murderer, have a rational justification based on the observance of justice and proportionality. Also, the differences in retaliation punishment between men and women, Muslims and infidels can be justified based on the inherent differences between people, without being an example of unjust discrimination