نشریه رویکردی نو بر آموزش کودکان
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 14، زمستان 1401)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema-therapy training on work-family conflict and marital satisfaction of married working women.This quasi-experimental study was performed using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consists of married women working in all branches of Golestan Company. From this population, 30 of them were selected as the study sample by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects completed two questionnaires of work-family conflict Carlson (2000) and Enrich's marital satisfaction (1989) in two stages pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent schema therapy training in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Statistical data were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS software version 21.The results showed that the work-family conflict score of married women working in the experimental group in the post-test was significantly lower than the control group and their marital satisfaction score in the post-test was significantly higher than the control group. (p <0/05).Based on the findings of this study, It can be concluded that schema therapy training can be used as an intervention method to reduce work-family conflict and increase marital satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness on psychosocial adjustment to illness, family relationships and mental well-being of women with MS. In this study, a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control group was used. The statistical population of this study included all women with MS referred to the Tehran MS Association who were invited to participate in this study. 30 women with an age range of 20 to 50 years were selected by random sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experiments and witnesses. To measure the variables from the Psychosocial Adjustment Questionnaire, Family performance questionnaire was used to assess family relationships and mental well-being questionnaire. The experimental group underwent mindfulness intervention during 8 sessions, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of covariance. This intervention was effective on the three variables in the experimental group

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between stress coping strategies and psychological well-being with metacognitive beliefs in couples with marital incompatibility. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the present study included all couples referring to the Counseling Center of District 5 of Tehran in 1398. The results showed that metacognitive beliefs had a significant positive correlation with problem-solving coping strategy (p <0.01, r = 0.057). However, metacognitive beliefs have significant negative correlations with emotionally coping strategies (p <0.01, r = -0.42) and avoidant coping strategies (p <0.01). = r). Metacognitive beliefs also had significant positive correlations with psychological retardation scales. This means that as the metacognitive beliefs increase, so does the psychological well-being of couples with incompatibilities, and vice versa. The results of this model showed that all subscales of psychological well-being were able to predict metacognitive beliefs. Thus, there were multiple scales and a total score of psychological well-being with multiple metacognitive beliefs. The subscales of counterterrorism strategies were able to predict metacognitive beliefs. The positive coping strategy predicted positively, and the emotional and avoidance strategies negatively predicted metacognitive beliefs.

The aim of this study was to determine the predictive role of psychological flexibility and distress tolerance in the psychological well-being of psychology students of Karaj Azad University. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in nature. The population of this study was all students of the Islamic Azad University of Karaj who were studying in the academic year 1400-99, whose number was 3448. The sampling method of this study was stratified random sampling. The method of estimating the sample size was Tapakhanik and Fidel methods. 200 psychology students of Karaj Azad University, Karaj Branch were selected by stratified random sampling as the sample size. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariate regression test was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate regression test showed that psychological flexibility and stress tolerance can explain about 67% of the changes in psychological well-being. Psychological flexibility explains about 66% and distress tolerance about 46% of psychological well-being changes. It was concluded from the present study that psychological flexibility and distress tolerance are two variables on the basis of which psychological well-being can be predicte.

Accepting, forgiving oneself and the other part of the process healing and rehabilitating relationships in which betrayal has been experienced by one of the parties. Teaching psychological flexibility, forgiveness acceptance what happened is part of acceptance and commitment therapy. Despite the theoretical and clinical importance of mental health and resilience indices predicting emotional rupture and eventual infidelity, the effectiveness this treatment these two indicators has not been considered so far. Randomly controlled trial in the period from October to March 2017, 30 divorced women with experience of infidelity in a targeted manner after meeting the necessary criteria entered the study. Participants were assigned to two groups through block randomization. Act treatment was presented to the experimental group in the form of Hayes protocol for eight one-hour sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Participants answered the Mental Health and Resilience Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis covariance SPSS 21 software. Results showed that this treatment had significant efficacy indices of both mental health and resilience (p <0.05). Secondary results indicate the effectiveness the above intervention subscales mental health (physical symptoms, anxiety, sleep disorders, social dysfunction and severe depression) and resilience (perception individual competence, trust in individual instincts and tolerance negative emotions, acceptance). Positive change and safe relationships, control and spiritual effects) (p <0.05). findings indicate the role of acceptance as key component the forgiveness and transition of relationships damaged by infidelity. These findings may be associated with clinical applications in the field of couple therapy.

misophonia is a term used to describe aversion to certain sounds, such as the sound of chewing, tickling, tapping on a surface, and the sound of squeezing lips. It has several effects on the mental health of people with the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological correlations misophonia and the causal role of anxiety and depression in students. This study was a descriptive correlational study in terms of its basic purpose and method. The statistical population of the study was all students of Tehran's universities in the academic year of 2021-2022, of which 150 were selected in a purposeful manner and completed the demographic questionnaire, misophonia Wu et al. (2014) and anxiety Stress and Depression 21 (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression) using SPSS V.23 software. The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the three factors of misophonia, anxiety and depression (p <0.05) the relationship between misophonia and positive anxiety and the severity of the relationship was equal to 0.422. Also, the relationship between the misophonia of depression was positive and the intensity of the relationship was equal to 0.51. regression analysis also indicated the predictive role of anxiety and depression in the misophonia. According to these findings, it can be said that misophonia is associated with anxiety and depression the severity of their symptoms and requires serious attention and plan interventions for people with symptoms of this disorder.

Special circumstances these days the outbreak of the Corona virus, the closure of schools and the emphasis on the use of e-learning, have transformed the capacity to use technology and e-learning. Thanks to this tremendous opportunity, a learning-driven approach to the research-based learning process has been realized everywhere. Any scientific approach, if properly designed and implemented, can have effective results. In this regard, it is necessary to first study the existing conditions from the perspective of the stakeholders of the educational system. For this purpose, the leading research has examined the satisfaction of the two studied groups, namely teachers and students in the virtual education of Saravan city in Mohammadi city during the closure of face-to-face education. Research data were collected in two quantitative ways through questionnaires and interviews. The experiences of each group about the technologies used, attitude, level of satisfaction, advantages and disadvantages, problems and issues as well as their suggestions have been studied. The results of this study showed that among the available technologies, WhatsApp software and then happy and in tools, smart phones have the most application and use among the research sample. Relatively good teacher satisfaction except in the happy program, students were relatively satisfied with the virtual education

Abstract The current research on the topic of remote self-management and self-planning is a topic that many researches are written about. Also, regarding the issue of self-evaluation in virtual space and examining the relationships and their effects on each other, there is a lot to think about. Researchers in the field of educational management have always exposed their scientific and research studies to the audience of this field. In the recent academic year, after the spread of the corona disease in the country, in order to take care of the students who are great social assets, I, like other colleagues, decided to carry out a part of our education far away from school. In the current research, an attempt has been made to expand this issue more and more precisely. In this research, due to the spread and epidemic of corona disease and demotivation of students, it is necessary to think of training for students so that they can study with interest in any situation and be able to plan for themselves and use learning tools. . Because today's policy in education is that we should not close education, and if schools are closed for taking care of students, education should continue and all processes should continue as before the holidays.

Due to the advancement of technology in the current era, the current era has been called the information era. Information that doubles or even multiplies in a short period of time. According to the speed of technological progress, educational courses should be designed in such a way that they respond to the growing needs of the society. According to the stated content, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Merrill's principle of application on learning, memorization and academic motivation of learners, and the main question of this research is whether the principle of Merrill's application has an effect on learning, memorization, and academic motivation of learners.The current research method is a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research is all primary school students of Khash city, who were studying in the academic year 1400-1401. There are 4 elementary schools in Khash city, and approximately 500 students are studying in elementary school, and the available statistical population is a total of 50 students. And according to the results obtained from this research, there is a significant difference between the learning and memorization of primary school students who were trained according to the principle of the Merrill model and students who were trained in a traditional way.

This study seeks to investigate the effect of coaching training on burnout and psychological well-being among nurses working in patients with covid-19. The theoretical framework of the research was inspired by Maslash three-factor model and different approaches to psychological well-being. The research method in this research was quasi-experimental and the data collection tool was Maslash burnout questionnaire and Reef psychological well-being questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by the face method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. The statistical sample size of the study according to the quasi-experimental research method was 30 nurses who were purposefully selected from the statistical population (shahid sadoughi hospitalof yazd accepting covid-19). Thirty selected nurses, who were screened among other nurses with research questionnaires, were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of research variables and show the frequency and related graphs, and inferential statistics were used to test the hypotheses. Before testing the hypotheses, the assumption of homogeneity of variances was tested by Levin test in all variables of the two groups. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze inferential statistics data. The results showed that coaching training is effective on nurses' psychological well-being (P <0.05). Coaching training is effective on nurses' burnout (P <0.05).Keywords: coaching training, burnout, psychological well-being, nurses, Covid 19.

Teaching young children and students is a bit more difficult than adults due to the difference in the amount and manner of focusing. Using multimedia in teaching the alphabet leads to an improvement in the educational quality of the alphabet due to the attractive environment it has for children. The purpose of the current research was the effect of following the principle of proximity in educational multimedia of alphabets on the cognitive load of first grade elementary school students. The statistical population of the research included all the first grade students of the boys' primary school in Bushehr province in the academic year of 1400-1401 with a total number of 1579 and the statistical population of our sample included two classes of 28 students. The data analysis was done using the co-variance test. The results of data analysis showed that the use of multimedia software in accordance with the principle of proximity in teaching alphabets has a significant effect on increasing the cognitive load of students.

Today, the world is facing the Corona crisis and the changes it has created. The aim of this study was to investigate the stress and job satisfaction of Iranian sports clubs during the Covid 19 pandemic. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study is all employees of sports clubs who were selected using Morgan table and available sampling method (due to limitations and compliance with health protocols). Finally, 304 questionnaires were used in statistical analysis. In order to analyze the data obtained from the implementation of the research tool, the structural equation model, PLS software was used. Findings showed that job stress has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and also the results indicate the need for proper management to reduce the risk and reduce job stress of employees and also increase employee satisfaction. In the era of Corona and with the current economic and health problems, as well as the inability to predict the disappearance of this disease, you should think of more appropriate measures as soon as possible with regard to the activity of reopening sports venues.

The aim of the current research was to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the doctoral theses of education in Mazandaran province. Since then, the research has been applied and of the type of content analysis research. The statistical population in the qualitative part is the experts of the scientific community and academic specialists, and in the quantitative part, it includes 65 doctoral dissertations on the educational management of education in Mazandaran province from the academic year 90-99. In the qualitative section, the statistical sample is 19 scientific experts using a purposeful sampling method, and in the quantitative section, 56 doctoral theses based on the Karjesi and Morgan table and using a simple random sampling method. To collect qualitative data, structured interviews were used, and in the quantitative part, based on the criteria extracted from the qualitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire with 72 items in 18 dimensions was used to evaluate the quality of doctoral theses. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the data collection tool, and Yeoman-Whitney, Friedman's ranking, and desirability tests were used for data analysis using Spss23 software. The findings showed that out of the total 18 sections of the examined doctoral theses, abstract sections, statement of the problem, research objectives, research questions or hypotheses, importance and necessity of research, definitions, research background, research method, tools and the method of data collection, data analysis and conclusions in a relatively favorable situation and the sections of the title, principles of writing They are in good condition.

This research has investigated the educational methods of dealing with exam anxiety and the effect of exam anxiety on students' academic performance. To select the sample group, Quds 2 primary school was selected from among the schools of the 4th district of Mashhad.50 students were selected by cluster sampling and the questionnaires were given to their parents. For analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used through t-test in independent and correlated groups. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between anxiety and the ways to reduce anxiety. In the first hypothesis, there is no significant difference between the scores of the group with anxiety and the group without anxiety in the pre-test (both groups without anxiety factors). which was confirmed. In the second hypothesis, there is a significant difference between the scores of the group that was affected by exam anxiety and the group that was not affected by exam anxiety, which was confirmed.In the third hypothesis: the group that was affected by test anxiety was not exposed to anxiety-causing factors in the pre-test, but was exposed to anxiety-causing stimuli in the post-test, as a result, the difference in scores in the pre-test and post-test was significant, which was confirmed. became . In the fourth hypothesis, the scores of the group who were not affected by anxiety in the pre-test and post-test stages are shown without difference

With the passage of time, extensive changes are made in the country's education system, which causes irreparable damage to this system, and legal sciences are not exempt from this, which will lead to weakness in this system. In Ibn Bain, the field of law is not exempt from objections, and most of the objections to this discussion are directed at the professors and in some cases related to the way of recruiting students (recruitment without rules and student exams) as well as the way of providing education,Not covering the students on legal matters, grade-based system, presentation of non-research and only theory of educational materials,and of course research matters. The discontinuity in the teaching method, the resources used, and the management of the faculties are also involved in this matter.According to the topics raised in this research, with field studies and surveys, we will present the main reasons, challenges, and to the best of our ability, solutions for each one. In the section of the main results of law education harms, which are 1- existing problems in law university courses, 2- examination of law enforcement harms, 3- harms in law teaching resources, 4- harms in the management of courses and chapters. According to the field studies, the most important damages in the field of law in the university were: 1 lack of phasing of educational goals 2- communication with career field has a general defect. 3-Studies do not answer the existing needs. 4- Weakness in entrepreneurship, 5- Weakness in interdisciplinary research.

Electricity sciences have witnessed many ups and downs since 1295, when his country has been opened to our country. According to a classification, the damage to the field can be traumatic to the social -social system (including the lack of comprehensive strategy, inadequate development of scientific civic institutions, illusion of science, incomplete communication with executive agencies, unity ambiguity two Industry and university and elite escape) divided the damage to scholars (including the delivery of electrical sciences to other sciences, ambiguity of tradition and modernity, lack of knowledge level, ambiguity in localization, inadequate interdisciplinary studies) . Over time, there is widespread changes in the country's education system that causes irreparable damage to the system that the electricity sciences are no exception that will result in weakness in the system. As well as how to provide education (lack of student surroundings on electrical content, score -based system, non -research and mere theory of educational content) and, of course, research (translation and indiscriminate and uncontrolled proliferation, lack of scientific and research material). It should be noted, however, in the teaching method, resources used, and the management of colleges are also involved. Based on the discussions in this study, according to field studies and polls, we should provide major reasons and challenges as possible to each way.

Education in virtual space has many points. In this article, its weaknesses are discussed. One of the weaknesses of virtual education in our country is the low speed of the Internet and the lack of sufficient infrastructure. The impossibility of face-to-face training is another problem of virtual training. Face-to-face communication is one of the most useful motivators in learning. The impossibility of group activity in virtual space is another weakness in this space. The purpose of this research is to investigate the disadvantages and challenges of virtual teaching of mathematics in the academic year of 2019-2019. The statistical population is all students (Islamic Azad University, Shabestar branch) of Shabestar city, located in East Azarbaijan province. The total number of the statistical population includes the number of 150 students, the statistical population of our sample included 50 students. Their views regarding the disadvantages of virtual teaching of math lessons were collected through a questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed according to the opinion of educational science experts and experienced professors, and the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.75). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and the t-test. The mean and The standard deviation of the total score of advantages of virtual education (average of 5 scores) in students with virtual education was 3.1 and in students without virtual education was 2.8. With the independent t-test, there was a statistically significant difference between the average

Civil engineering science has witnessed many ups and downs since 1336, when it was opened to our universities, until now. Scientific researches, which have occupied a major part of the activities of the country's universities and research institutes in the last two decades, have not Doubt is considered one of the definite components of the country's development and progress. The emphasis of the country's political leaders and scientific elites on the serious need to develop science and technology as much as possible is proof of the above claim. On the other hand, the emergence of weaknesses and shortcomings, both in planning and in the targeted implementation of scientific researches, has caused confusion to the institutions involved and has seriously doubted the future prospects of the country's scientific progress. In this article, while criticizing the mere expression of the existing problems, it is suggested that the members of the cultured research community of the country should use their efforts in drawing a road map for the purposeful implementation of scientific research during the last decade through the exchange of opinions and consensus. According to a classification, the damages related to this field can be classified as damages related to the social system (including the absence of a comprehensive strategy, connection with the dominant discourse, insufficient development of scientific institutions, the illusion of exclusion from engineering sciences, incomplete communication with executive bodies, the ambiguity of the unity of the two The institution of the field and the university,

The present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect between cultural intelligence and classroom learning with students' academic motivation. The current research was descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the research sample, including 150 subjects, who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, questionnaires of academic motivation, cultural intelligence (Ang, 2004) and perception of the classroom environment (Gentry, 2002) were used. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of the academic motivation questionnaire (intrinsic, extrinsic, and lack of motivation) was obtained as 0.79, 0.80, and 0.70, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of cultural intelligence components, including metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral components, and the total score of the questionnaire were 0.70, 0.71, 0.76, 0.70, and 0.83, respectively. Statistics were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test. The findings showed that cultural intelligence had a positive and significant relationship with creativity in internal and external learning. Also, cultural intelligence and its two components (metacognitive and motivational) and perception of classroom learning creativity had a negative and significant relationship with demotivation. Finally, it should be said that by strengthening the cultural intelligence and creativity of the classroom learning environment in students, it is possible to help increase their academic motivation.

The purpose of this research is to examine the educational views of John Locke and Herbert Spencer in the 17th century. John Locke is widely known as the father of classical liberalism. Spencer was one of the first to apply Darwinism to social issues and also determine the policy of non-intervention through biological evidence. In contrast to Spencer, John Locke was a political activist and a politician, and he has used all his strength to defend the concept of property, while Spencer cared about the community.According to Locke, man is a truly altruistic creature. Locke's views were effective on the development of epistemology and political philosophy. He is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. Locke saw the human mind as a white board, which was filled with information through experience and senses, and he considered reason to be potential in human existence. According to Locke, the main goal in education is to acquire moral competence, and according to Spencer, the ultimate goal is to make society as An organism reaches equilibrium. On the other hand, unlike Locke, who was a classical liberal, he did not consider the society and the state to be an artefact of human reason, but believed that the state was created in the process of social evolution, and rationality and purposefulness cannot be applied to it. The method used In this research, it is descriptive-analytical.