نشریه فضای گردشگری
پیاپی 43 (تابستان 1401)

Because the tourism industry is a money-making one, countries are competing with each other for more revenue. Creative tourism is a new option that has been able to attract tourists. Because their tastes have changed and they no longer want to be looked at as tourists, they prefer to live in indigenous culture. The purpose of this study is to determine the key drivers affecting the future status of creative tourism in Isfahan. The prevailing approach is based on the applied goal, profound nature, questionnaire, and future research approach. In the first place, using the opinions of 35 experts and activists in the field of tourism and urban planners in the field of Delphi style, 52 variables in 6 areas were extracted as variables affecting the future status of creative tourism in the city of Isfahan. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the interaction or structural analysis method by Mick Mac software to extract the main variables affecting the future status of creative tourism in Isfahan. By placing the factors in a 52*52  matrix, the effect of each of these factors on others was determined by weighting the factors (from zero to 3). 10 key factors were selected as the country's international relations with a score of 381 which had the highest direct impact, 368 in the next rank, and then the future research attitude towards creative tourism in the next rank. If tourism progresses in a city and flourishes, the findings show that the city of Isfahan has the potential for creative tourism. Paying attention to and investing in propulsion variables can pave the way to achieving this important goal.

Today, policymakers and planners refer to rural tourism as a lever for regional development and a way to save villages from social and economic problems. The main goal of this research is to identify the obstacles or challenges facing the development of rural tourism in the villages of the central part of Meshginshahr. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population includes 42 villages with more than 20 households. The sample size was estimated to be 379 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the issue, 47 indicators were used in five indicators, namely social, economic, environmental, physical, and managerial. The results showed that the weak participation of local people in tourism affairs, risky investment, lack of shopping centers, lack of suitable space for car parking, lack of advertising and information, lack of educational centers and activities, and short stay of tourists were recognized as the most important problems of tourism in this region.

The historical context of cities has a diverse set of tourism capabilities that, if properly addressed and guided, can promote tourism and thus lead to urban development.In the present article, using a descriptive-analytical method focusing on the tourism sidewalk concept and defining the components affecting it, a theoretical model of research has been developed, and then its application in the historical context of the study has been experimentally tested.The purpose of the study is to examine and find an effective strategy for managing tourist attractions and promoting social interactions among citizens in the historical context and to generalize the results to the proposals of sustainable human management in the historical context of cities.The findings include the development of a strategic plan and design considerations on a detailed city plan map. It was shown that the factors of vitality and attractiveness of the environment have a greater potential to attract tourists due to the physical, environmental and natural opportunities within the study domain.

This study, using the combined method, aims to build and validate a tool for measuring the value of tourists' participation. In the first stage, using the meta-combination method, the researcher focused on the subject during the years 2000 to 2020 and the values ​​resulting from the participation of tourists were identified. In the second stage, based on the literature, a questionnaire was prepared and given to several university professors and marketing and tourism researchers, and after applying the necessary comments and corrections, the questionnaire was distributed among 440 tourists who had visited one of the countries of Malaysia, UAE, Azerbaijan, and Turkey during the last 5 years. Next, the validation of the model was done using the SPSS24 software. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fitness of the 5-factor model. Based on the obtained results the questionnaire of this research can be used as a suitable tool to measure the value of tourists' participation. Using the mixed method to identify the effects of tourists' participation and also introducing a tool to measure the value of tourists' participation was one of the innovations of this research.

The increasing competition in the tourism industry has raised the need to pay attention to the development of special value for tourism destinations. Various external and internal factors are effective on society in the tourism destination. Most of the previous research has focused on the investigation of external factors such as awareness of cultural changes and even the type of dialect, social behavior, and identity of people. In this research, the role of tourists on the identity of citizens in the Samen region of Mashhad has been investigated. The research population included all residents and people who were in contact with tourists in this area, from among whom 195 people were selected as a sample. The results showed that the indicators of architectural-physical identity and urban texture had an average higher than 3 due to the presence of tourists. The overall results showed that the presence of tourists did not have much effect on the characteristics of the social and cultural identity of the residents of the Samen region. Concerning the indicators of architectural-physical dimensions and urban texture, this effect proved to be more significant.

This research aims to investigate the degree of coordination of Khorramabad's urban development plans with climatic conditions in the direction of sustainable urban development. In the climatic study of Khorramabad taken from the statistics and data of the last 20 years (1376-1396), the climatic elements of this city, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, sunshine hours,  direction and wind speed of the synoptic station of this city, in the form of maximum and minimum parameters and the average were used. After data collection, standardization and averaging of the mentioned parameters were done using Excel software and the SPSS software. The findings of the research show that in Khorramabad, climate coordination has not been done on a regional scale to reduce optimal energy consumption to achieve sustainable development. Also, according to the physiographic conditions of Khorramabad, the design of buildings in Khorramabad should be considered according to the northern and southern slopes to reduce energy consumption.

Geological diversity is a feature of the landscape related to the heterogeneity of the physical properties of the earth's surface. Just as there is diversity and variety (biodiversity) among living organisms (plants and animals), there is also diversity and variety (geodiversity) in geological phenomena and complications; there is abundance. Geological diversity and the need for sustainable protection and use are effective factors in the development of tourism. With this aim, in this research, the analysis of the geological diversity of four basins in the sub-basins of Firozabad, Dahram, Mehkoyeh, Meimand were investigated. The research method is based on analytical and descriptive methods and based on the preparation of lithology layers and TPI, five geodiversity index ,namely roughness density of each piece, Simpson's roughness coefficient, Shannon's roughness coefficient, Shannon's diversity coefficient, Simpson's diversity coefficient and density were calculated. The roughness was prepared. The results of calculating the indicators showed that Firozabad basin has the highest geodiversity coefficient, including Simson and Shannon smoothness and diversity, and compared to other basins of the city, it has high tourism potential.

The expansion of statistics and the possibility of using time series information in tourism economics studies have led to the increasing use of time series models in research of tourism economics; also, due to the high impact of various factors such as disease, war, sanctions, political events, economic shocks and many other international and national shocks on the tourism industry, structural changes occur in this industry which make the common results in time series surveys unreliable. To solve this problem, structural break points in tourism industry studies should be identified to be the basis for researchers' modeling in strategic studies and policy-making. The present study aimed to determine the structural break points in the Iranian tourism industry, using quarterly data from spring 2013 to summer 1399. All these tests have confirmed the existence of a structural break in the fall of 2019. However, if the coefficient decreases significantly, only the fall of 2019 would be recognized as a breakpoint in the Iranian economy. Due to the high volume of tourism and the growth of this sector in the spring and summer of 2019, it is expected that in the annual surveys, 2020 will be the only year that a structural break has occurred in tourism in Iran. Political events such as the Saudi Embassy or the referendum in Iraq Kurdistan, the signing of the UN Security Council, or the imposition of severe sanctions on Iran's economy have virtually failed to bring about structural changes in Iran's time series tourism models. There are more pervasive factors such as the Covid-19 epidemic that have caused a structural break in Iranian tourism.