نشریه سیره پژوهی اهل بیت
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 14، بهار و تابستان 1401)

The faith of Abū Ṭālib (as) is one of the controversial issues among Muslims. There is a consensus on his faith among the Shiites. However, in Sunni resources, there are narrations indicating his disbelief. These narrations are known as "Ḍaḥḍāḥ". In the present study, the main question is the authenticity of Ḍaḥḍāḥ narrations. To investigate this, library studies were applied through the descriptive-analytical method based on the source-study analysis, chain of narrators, and content of the narrations. The oldest source of these narrations is Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhāri; the other 11 sources have re-narrated it based on their trust in Bukhāri. Ḍaḥḍāḥ narrations have been narrated through 30 chains of narrators. In all these chains, some narrators are recognized as weak, unknown, or with poor memory. Therefore, Ḍaḥḍāḥ narrations are regarded as unauthentic in terms of the chain of narrators. Regarding the content, there are conflicts in these narrations. The opposition of the text of Ḍaḥḍāḥ narrations with Quran, hadīths narrated by the Imams, the historical evidence, and the literary works of Hazrat Abū Ṭālib (as) reveals these contradictions and also indicates the fabrication of these narrations.

Imam Ali's (as) personality, position and dignity from the perspective of Mu'awiya and explaining the reason for his conflict with that Imam (as) will lead to a better understanding of the life of the Amir al-Mu'minin Sirah. The main question of the article is whether Mu'awiya was only hostile to Imam Ali (as) and always sought to deny the virtues of the Imam or to acknowledge the virtues of that Imam. To answer such a question, we must first see what was the main cause or causes of Mu'awiya's enmity and hostility with that Imam. An analysis of earlier sources and the use of descriptive and analytical methods indicate that Mu'awiya despite all his enmities with Imam Ali (as), in some cases - in private and intimate gatherings - expressed the virtues, piety, masculinity and magnanimity, Courage, generosity and forgiveness, knowledge, eloquence and rhetoric and prayers of Imam Ali (as). Such confessions indicate that Mu'awiya had a relatively accurate understanding of Imam Ali's (as) personality and that Mu'awiya's conflict with that Imam (as) was due to worldly ambitions and desires.

The relationship between Fāṭima and Ali (as) is one of the topics that has been reported in various and sometimes contradictory ways in historical sources. Meantime, Tabaqat al-Kubara is one of the oldest historical sources written by Ibn Sa'd (died 230AH) and one of the main representatives of Ahl al-Ḥadīth in the 3rd century AH that presented reports about this issue, many of which have been repeated in later sources. According to the narrations of Ibn Sa'd, Hazrat Fāṭima and Ali (as) had differences in their life together, the most important and oldest of which probably dates back to Ali's proposal to Abu Jahl's daughter. The main question of the research is to what extent can we trust these narrations regarding the existence of differences between Hazrat Zahra and Imam Ali (as)? According to the findings of this article, the narrations of Ibn Sa'd and some other Sunni writers regarding the severity of these differences are not very reliable. It seems that some of this news was meant to build the dignity of issuing the prophetic Ḥadīth "Fāṭima is a part of me..." and to absolve the sheikheyn of the persecution of Fāṭima. The report of differences between spouses is not only limited to Sunni sources but is reflected in some Shiite sources as well. Some of these narrations have been forged in Shiite sources under the pretext of expressing the virtues of Amir al-Mu'minin. By presenting a false image of Fāṭima, such narrations show her being influenced by the words of those around her. These fake narrations pretend that he went to the Prophet many times to complain due to his weakness.

The reign of Imam Ali (as) is one of the prominent periods in the history of Islam. During that period, three major civil wars took place; Including the war of Siffin led by Mu'awiya against the caliphate of Imam Ali (as), that the occurrence of this war can be seen as a result of the society's past deviations. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research seeks to answer the question of what was the social and cultural role of women in the great battle of Siffin. Historical evidence indicates that Muslim women played a prominent role in various fields of this war. the cultural aspect of this presence prevails over other elements. Women who had eloquence tried to be effective in inciting men to fight by speaking and singing eloquent poems. Also, from the social aspect, women were actively present in that battle to help the men of their families and tribe.

The main duty of the Prophets and Imams (as) is to proclaim the word of God to people and invite them to embrace religion. Therefore, it is imperative to study the strategies of their teachings in terms of religious literature. Such studies expose the perfect way of transmitting religious teachings to people to improve the capacities of preaching and will lead eventually to the increasing tendency of audiences toward religion. Imam Ṣādiq (as), like other Imams, had special strategies for his religious teachings, particularly when he sought to confront the intellectual movements during his life. Thus, the question raised in this inquiry is what kind of strategies does Imam Ṣādiq (as) use to confront the contemporary intellectual movement? Findings reveal that Imam Ṣādiq (as) mostly uses the strategy of debate for preaching and inviting his audiences to embrace Islam. He has always paid attention to his audiences’ mental potentiality and delivered his messages based on their intellects. He, also, employs the strategy of scientific correspondence with the scholars and thinkers of his era. Moreover, another strategy against his opponents or the ones for whom he has no hope in their guidance is to reject and repulse them.

Considering the position of the family in Islam and the importance of maintaining the foundations of a shared life, knowing the ways of the Prophet (PBUH) and Imams (as) to overcome the tensions of married life can provide a basis for following their way. In this article to answer the question that what solutions did they have for such problems, first of all, their family differences were collected from ancient historical, hadīth and commentary sources. Then, by combining and integrating the aligned stories the solution used to overcome those differences was identified. In some cases, the reasons for those differences were investigated. The findings of this research show that removing tension and restoring stability to the life of couples was the central program of Imams (as). They often used solutions such as forgiveness, mediation, objective modelling, arbitration, and controlling jealousy to overcome such problems. In the Sirah of those dignitaries, divorce was not accepted without a logical reason. They always paid attention to the return of the couple to their joint life and the protection of the interests of the children.