مجله پژوهش های روان شناسی بالینی و مشاوره
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

This study was conducted with the aim of examining the structural equation model of predicting marital commitment based on the early maladaptive schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, and mistrust/abuse mediated by the gender roles.

The present research was a correlational study using the path analysis method. A total of 300 married employees (132 females and 168 males) were selected by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Dimensions of Commitment Inventory (DCI), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF), and Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). The path analysis analysis was conducted to examine the proposed model using LISREL software.

The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The findings showed that emotional deprivation schema is negativly correlated with marital commitment. Moreover, the gender roles of masculinity and femininity are positivly correlated with marital commitment. The path analysis showed that the relation between emotional deprivation schema and marital commitment is mediated by both gender roles. In addiction, the relations between abandonment/instability and mistrust/abuse schemas and marital commitment are mediated by the gender role of masculinity. According to the findings of this research, designing interventions aimed at increasing people's awareness of their maladaptive schemas and modifing them in counseling and psychotherapy processes can be helpful in solving couples' problems

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire on the family dynamics of children with learning disabilities.

The research method was a sequential exploratory combination with a tool development model that was conducted in two parts: qualitative (descriptive phenomenological) and quantitative (descriptive-correlational). The statistical population of the study was all parents of children with learning disabilities in the academic year 2021-2022 in Mashhad. Using the convenience sampling method, 20 individuals were selected for the qualitative part of the first study, 409 individuals were selected for the quantitative part of the first study, and 351 individuals were selected for the second study. Data were analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity and internal consistency analyses by SPSS16 and AMOS20 softwares.

The results of the qualitative part showed that family dynamics include the three main themes: child issues, school issues, and family issues. The results of the quantitative part showed that the developed questionnaire has a six-factor structure that explains 67.77% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed this structure as well as the six-factor structure. Internal consistency of the scale with Cronbach's alpha for the subscales of child problems, school problems, developmental-educational functions of the family, environmental challenges, impact on the family, and parents' challenges, as well as the total scale were calculated as 0.94, 0.91, 0.95, 0.89, 0.76, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. Uisng the split half method, the coefficients for these scales were calculated as 0.92, 0.87, 0.94, 0.80, 0.73, 0.88 and 0.63, respectively. According to the findings of this research, the questionnaire of family dynamics of children with learning disabilities has good validity and reliability and can be used as a tool to measure the family dynamics of these group of population.

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the emotion-focused therapy based on HMT.LMG approach (Hold Me Tight, Let Me Go) on regulating emotions and resolving parent-adolescent conflicts. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group design and a three-month follow-up assessment. The statistical population consisted of all 12018 female students aged from 14 to 17 years who lived in Mashhad city and studied over the academic year of 2020-2021. The research sample was selected through the multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method. Eight high schools with a total population of 1425 students were randomly selected. The child's attitude towards mother scale (CAM) was used as the screening test in order to identify child-parent conflicts.  A number of 30 daughter-mother pairs were then selected and randomly assigned into the study groups. The difficulties in emotion regulation scale and parent-adolescence conflict version of conflict tactics scale were used to collect data. Both groups completed the questionnaires and the experimental group received the the emotion-focused therapy based on HMT.LMG approach for 5 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were then asked to complete the research questionnaires for the post –test and follow-up phases. The data was analyzed by multivariate repeated measurments ANOVA method using SPSS21 software. The findings showed that the effect of time, group, and time interaction in the experimental group was significant for resolving conflicts and regulating emotions capabilities.

Substance use disorder, as one of the chronic psychiatric diseases, has become one of the major problems in society today. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy on adaptive and maladaptive strategies of emotional regulation in patients with substance use disorder who were under the Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT).

The method of the present study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, a three-month follow-up step and a control group. The sample consisted of 60 patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment who had visited Mashhad addiction treatment centers during the second 6 months of 2018. Subjects were selected by the convenience sampling emthod and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy) and also a control group. Data were collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.

The results showed that both acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy are effective in increasing adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and reducing maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategiesis. Moreover, the findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is more effective than metacognitive therapy in modifying cognitive emotion regulation strategies. In general, it can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is an appropriate therapeutic approach for patients with substance use disorder who are under the methadone maintenance treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Schema Therapy (ST) on the Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), Emotional Regulation (ER) and the cosumed methadone dose of patients undergoing the Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT).

The research methodology was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group design. The sample consisted of 44 patients who were under the methadone treatment and visited addiction treatment clinics in District 10 of Tehran city in 2018-2019. Subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method. 22 people were then randomly assigned to the experimental group and 22 people to the control group. The treatment sessions consisted of twelve 90-minute sessions that were implemented during six weeks (two sessions for each week). The Early Maladaptive Schema scale (EMSs) and the Difficulty in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) were used to collect data. The data were then analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method.

The results showed significant differences between the experimental group and control group in the three variables of study indicating that the schema therapy is beneficial for reducing early maladaptive schemas, difficulty in emotional regulation and methadone dose.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of virtual cognitive-behavioral group therapy on anxiety sensitivity and emotional regulation in individuals referred to Esmatiyeh Health Care Center of Kashmar city during the Covid-19 pandemic. The design of this semi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all people who referred to Esmatiyeh Health Care Center of Kashmar city in 2020. From this statistical population, 150 people were selected as a sample by the voluntary and convenience sampling method. They were then asked to complete the questionnaires of anxiety sensitivity and emotional regulation (pre-test). From among those who met the inclusion criteria (willingness to participate in research, obtaining the criterion scores in questionnaires, not suffering from acute mental and physical illness, having access to virtual networks), 60 people were selected as a sample by random sampling method and were randomly assigned in experimental and control groups (30 people in each group). The experimental group received virtual cognitive-behavioral therapy group for 12 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the end, both groups were asked again to complete the research measures (post-test). Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there were significant differences between the scores of the experimental and control groups in the scales of anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation in the post-test phase (p <0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it is concluded that virtual cognitive-behavioral group therapy is a beneficial intervention in reducing anxiety sensitivity and increasing emotional regulation of people during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of working memory training with competitive memory training on the psychological symptoms and cognitive functions of patients with major depression.

This study was performed on 60 patients with the major depressive disorder who were randomly divided into three groups: control, competitive memory training, and working memory training. The instruments used in this study included four computer tasks: asymmetry span, reading span, letter-number, dual n-back, three questionnaires: BECK Depression Inventory, Nolen -Hoeksema rumination Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and the Wechsler intelligence Scale for Adult-Memory for Digit Span. Data were analyzed by using ANCOVA.

In all three experiments, performance during the training task significantly increased, but this performance gain did not transfer to the rumination. In working memory training group no positive effect of training on depression and self-esteem was found. But it did lead to improvements in the components of shifting, updating, and inhibition. Also, competitive memory training failed to improve cognitive functions in depressed individuals but led to improved depression and self-esteem. overall, results show that stand alone Working Memory training can not be effective on low self esteem and does not result in reduced rumination nor in reduced symptoms of major depression. Also, stand alone competitive memory training can not be effective on rumination, and cognitive functions in depressed maple Due to the different effectiveness of these two treatments and based on different therapeutic goals, one of these two treatments can be selected or used simultaneously with another treatment.