نشریه آمایش سیاسی فضا
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، پاییز 1401)

The political organization of any country is done in the form of civil divisions. Civil divisions of the country are a process in which the land is limited by borders and every government needs political division of space to better manage the land and facilitate services, create development and create a spatial justice in the country. Spatial justice through the mechanism of spatial organization or spatial planning leads to the balanced development of place and geographical space and provides citizens with satisfaction and trust in the management structure and the relevant political system, thus preventing the formation of mentality of being secondary citizenship among people. In this research, which is of a fundamental type, the required information is collected using the library method, and then this issue will be investigated using a descriptive-analytic method. The research question is that: “what relation do exist between the political organization of space and spatial justice?” The findings show that the main principles and criteria of political organization of space can be categorized into issues such as increasing the sense of satisfaction, ease of access to services and creating equal opportunities for citizens and regions. Since spatial justice as an output seeks the relative equality of power, opportunity and wealth in order to gain maximum benefits commensurate with the capacity to enhance the dignity of citizens, and also the principles and approaches of political organization of space and spatial justice show this issue, it can be claimed that interactive relation is between political organization of space and spatial justice.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the land use of Amol at the time of 1986-2020. The effect of stimulant factors in the growth of the city determines that population and immigration from villages are considered as the most important factors in the growth of Amol city. Also, in the process of formation of the tissue of Amol, the primary core of the city after Islam has had a major role. The study of its growth process after the first Pahlavi shows that development of roads and commercial land uses distribution, especially around the main ways are another stimulant agent in the urban growth of Amol which also forms the pattern and form of growth in Amol city. The data provided from satellite imagery clearly identifies the growth of Amol from 1986 to 2020. The built-in area shows an annual increase of 15% (135 hectares per year). The expansion of the city has occurred in all respects, but it is more obvious along the main road to the nearby villages. Business/ service areas have been established along the roads which show the rapid decline in agricultural lands and vegetable areas. Also, changes in agriculture in Amol and in rural settlements merged in the city and the central part of Amol city is seen under the influence of urban expansion and development.

An analysis of the state of Iran's water resources shows that hydro-political challenges have shifted from the national scale to the sub-national scale (at the catchment level) and the conflict of interests of users has led to a contradiction in the approach of agents, especially in times of drought. Meanwhile, Karkheh catchment in Khuzestan feeds by Kashkan river in Lorestan province. On the other hand, climate change and Kashkan floods have often been associated with losses. The basic agricultural livelihood of Delfan city and the prevention of floods have made the construction of Gaushmar dam on Kashkan inevitable. The construction of this dam has reduced the volume of water entering the downstream cities of the dam and the Karkheh catchment in Khuzestan, especially during dry seasons. The construction of this dam has led to the conflict of interests of the actors and the emergence of hydro-political challenges on a subsidence scale. The present article is applied and the methodology of the text is explanatory-analytic. The data and information required for the research were collected by library and field methods (interview). The result of the research showed that with the construction of Gaushmar Dam, hydro-political relations within the province (Lorestan) and extra-provincial relations between Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces have been brought hydro-political tension. The adaptation of these conflict of interests eventually led to a reduction in the height of the dam and the volume of water stored behind the dam due to the authorities’ policies.

The importance of water has always been emphasized by the religion of Islam. The correct use of this existential element has been emphasized in several verses and hadiths. Given that the issue of water is the cause of many national and transnational conflicts today، so the issue of water management، especially in countries such as Iran، which are facing water stress، seems very necessary. The present study intends to explain the principles of jurisprudence and ethics in the plans and development plans related to water management. This paper intends to answer the following question: "what principles of jurisprudence and ethics would be considered in development plans and projects related to water management?" This research is a fundamental and developmental in terms of purpose and used descriptive-analytic method. Also، in order to collect data، the method of documentary-library studies is used. The research findings are first inferred by qualitative content analysis method and then using logical reasoning method. The results of the research show that if the principles and rules of Islamic jurisprudence and ethics are considered in the programs and laws related to water management in the country، many harms and challenges in the water sector can be overcome. This requires the development of a comprehensive plan with special considerations of jurisprudence and Islamic ethics related to water management and، of course، its strict implementation.

It has been several decades since celebrities entered politics; this entry has been so abrupt and overwhelming that some political scientists talk of the celebritization of politics. The celebritization of politics has had a number of far-reaching implications for several areas of politics, including democracy as the major one. Nevertheless, this phenomenon- willingly or unwillingly and whatever the reason- has been left out of serious academic discussions or has been ignored altogether, and hence the lack of a theoretical basis is strongly felt. The present study tries to fill this theoretical gap in the field of politics and pave the way for further research on such a common phenomenon in modern politics. The research findings show that the challenges posed to democracy in the age of celebrity politics need to be examined in three steps that can be set in the political agenda and the politics of distraction; politics of scandal: dramatization of politics and the decline of democracy; and finally the weakening of the party system. The novelty of the present article rests in its discoveries regarding the impact of celebrity politics and examination of the characteristics of this impact on democracy.

Peace ecology is a new emergent scientific concept which is formed due to the scientific discourses on environmental security and environmental peacemaking, and it is philosophically seeks peace with the environment which is challenged and threatened by human interventions. This concept has attracted scholars' attention and regarding environmental threats in local, national and regional levels it is necessary to be considered in Iran. So, this article using descriptive-analytic method and based on library data gathering procedure tries to explain peace ecology, conceptually. Also, it tries to provide some suggestions to peace-building and peacemaking in some regions such as the Middle East and Caspian Sea based on peace ecology indicators. The research findings show that regarding the urgency of environmental threats, these threats can provide some opportunities for peace-building and peacemaking.

Iran is geographically located in the dry belt of the earth and this has led to a natural shortage of water. Isfahan province in the center of the country with a long-term average annual rainfall of about 150 mm is also severely limited water resources. Regardless of this, for about half a century, due to various reasons, water consumption in this province, which is mainly due to the establishment of large national industries and their chains, as well as agricultural development and population growth and urbanization, water consumption has increased greatly and lack the appropriateness of water resources and consumption has increased over time. Out of 35 plains of the province, 27 plains are forbidden or critically forbidden. Since no effective practical action has been taken to control this situation, various consumers have tried to compensate part of this mismatch by digging deep and semi-deep wells, both legally and illegally, using underground resources. The lack of replacement of groundwater aquifers and the continuous decline of their water level have caused the phenomenon of subsidence and their permanent destruction, so that even if there are sufficient water resources, these aquifers are no longer able to hold water. This causes the destruction of the most important foundation of the life in subsidence areas, which is the water sources, to be lost forever, which has many environmental, human and political consequences. Currently, subsidence threatens many parts of the province's infrastructure, such as national communication infrastructure such as Shahreza Road near Mahyar, Meshkat Road near Kashan, Bandar Abbas-Tehran Railway near Zavareh, Isfahan-Shiraz Railway near Mahyar and Marvdasht. Isfahan airport as well as other industrial, religious and historical infrastructures such as industrial towns of the province (Jafarabad industrial town of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol); Religious and tourist places (Imamzadeh Agha Ali Abbas, Naqsh Jahan Complex, and historical stairs of the province); Public places Naghsh 11 bsidence is spreading in almost all areas of Isfahan province, which threatens the survival of the province in various dimensions and it is necessary to think of serious practical measures in this area.