نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 9 (پیاپی 25، آذر 1401)

A developmental state is characterized by having strong state intervention, as well as extensive regulation and planning.A Developmental State is a state where the government is intimately involved in the macro and micro economic planning in order to grow the economy”, with the addition “whilst attempting to deploy its resources in developing better lives for the people”.Brazil officially the Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.The Economy of Brazil is the world's eighth largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth largest by purchasing power parity. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvais a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2010.In the 8 years of the lula da silva presidency ,economic successes went hand in hand with social this is called redistributive or inclusive growth. GDP per capita growth rates were higher in the poorer quantiles of the population, than in the richer groups. Unemployment rates declined, formal employment and average earnings increased. Income inequality (also its spatial dimension) and poverty declined.Lula da Silva by implementation of Programs Bolsa Familia, Bolsa Escola, Growth Acceleration Program Improved the poverty in brazil.

Macro-monetary and financial variables are among the factors that can affect the country's economic growth, especially gross domestic product (GDP). Due to the importance of the subject, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the simultaneous transfer between the exchange rate, inflation rate and GDP in the Iranian economy. Relationships between variables were investigated using a structural vector auto regression (SVAR) approach based on statistical data from 2009-2010. Using instantaneous response functions, sudden shocks in research variables and their effect on economic growth index (GDP) over 10 periods were investigated. Analysis of variance was also used to answer the research hypotheses. To show large fluctuations in both inflation and exchange rate variables, Hadrick-Prescott and Baxter King filters were examined. In general, the results showed that the exchange rate and inflation rate have a negative impact on the GDP index. There is also a positive relationship between the exchange rate and the inflation rate, ie with the increase of the exchange rate, the inflation rate increases.

The right to work is a nascent institution that has no precedent in the jurisprudential sources of the five religions. This fledgling institution was established to facilitate and prosper commercial transactions, because the development and fertility of business relationships and activities are always achieved in the history of mutual trust, reputation, expertise, speed and security. According to Islamic jurists, the contract that the representative concludes in his own name and on his own account and on his behalf is one of the examples of representation in general. By concluding a contract between the agent and the third party, the original becomes committed and entitled, and a direct legal relationship is established between the third party and the original. Hence, the contract of labor rights in the sense that is introduced in the law of Western countries and related countries, which consider labor rights as a kind of representation without representation, according to which there is no direct legal relationship between the original and the third party, in law. Islam is not an example of representation and advocacy; Because in Islamic law, first of all, power of attorney is one of the examples of representation and the relationship between representation and power of attorney is absolute contrary to the law of other countries, general and special, not my general and special aspect. In order to clarify the jurisprudential and legal nature of the right to work, we decided to study the jurisprudence and law of the right to work

Although it has been much using of the two Urban Politics and Urban Policy Concepts, but Compare them together, the conceptual boundaries of two mentioned concepts are not much transparent. This is a problem, and this research has tried to prove the Reason. To answer the question; What comparing two mentioned concepts can help to our better understanding of Urban Politics Science?, Case study method has been used. Referring to theoretical works and documents, the conceptual boundaries of Urban Politics and Urban Policy have been determined and then, they have been compared to each other. the two mentioned concepts don't totally overlap each other, and each of them has its own exclusive area. In next step, the relation of these two concepts (Urban Politics and Urban Policy) has been determined With Urban Politics Science. The research concluded that Urban Politics Science is nothing but Understanding of hidden intervention of unofficial forces in a city decision making process, and other topics are additional and unessential.

With the rise of Iran, Iranian architecture has entered new developments and from the perspective of confrontation with architecture, a dissent and the movement of architecture occur in the form of an identity movement that brings different and new attitudes. Considering the currents of communication with the West before and after the Pahlavi period, as well as the university-oriented and revolutionary attitudes that had valuable identity-seeking insights, most modern theories and designs after the victory of the Islamic Revolution shifted to national and identity values. In most of the proposed approaches, attention was paid to postmodern paradigms along with global developments and even copied from it. Also, a dissent and architectural movement in the period after the victory of the Islamic Revolution occurs in the form of an identity movement that brings different and new attitudes. According to the proposed cases, the purpose of this study is ینین New approaches to contemporary Iranian architecture after the revolution from the perspective of modern innovations. To achieve this, the analytical-descriptive method and in particular the content analysis and inferential method have been used. The results of the concepts of inferential analysis show that the attitudes in contemporary architecture after the revolution from the perspective of modern innovations; They can be deduced in three levels of imitation, transitional and conceptual.

the goal of this research; Identifying and examining the causal relationships between the dimensions of political intelligence of the agents of the Ministry of Interior is based on the Islamic perspective. The research method is an approach mixed with a sequential exploration strategy. The statistical population consisted of 23 experts who were also selected as a sample. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire that was obtained through interviews with experts. Using the SLR technique, all the main and sub-variables were identified and using the Delphi method, the basic dimensions were extracted and in the next step, the indicators were provided to the experts through a questionnaire to model the necessary data using the Dematel method. In order to measure the reliability, in addition to Cronbach's alpha, the combined reliability method as well as the Lawshe technique and the extracted mean variance index were used to evaluate the convergent validity to determine the validity of the SLR (systematic review) technique. The results of the study showed that the factors affecting the political intelligence of managers identified in this study included social games, personal influence, power dynamics (as the most influential dimensions) and network ability, information capture (as the most influential dimensions).

The development of e-government in all parts of the country and in all dimensions is necessary and effective. One of the important dimensions is political development. The aim of this study was to identify the components affecting the effectiveness of e-government development in Tehran Province Water and Sewerage Company. The statistical population of this research consists of the number of managers in the field of information technology of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company with 13 subsidiaries that include 240 people. Samples were selected. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, an open questionnaire was used and in a quantitative part, we used a closed questionnaire. Expert opinions were used to determine the validity of the questionnaires and Cronbach 's alpha was used to determine the reliability. The results showed that the reliability was confirmed. Delphi technique and structural equations with AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that seven components have a significant impact on the effectiveness of e-government in the structural, behavioral, environmental, process, output, outcome and effectiveness.

Religious and ethnic minorities are one of the major concerns of the present age. Unfortunately, there is still discrimination, violence and injustice against this group of human society around the world. In the Islamic legal system, man has a special position and due to the inherent dignity that God has given him, regardless of race, gender, religion, geographical location, economic status, social status and rank, etc., has rights. Which must be respected and respected by members of society as well as the Islamic government. The study of the verses of the Holy Quran and the tradition and biography of the infallible leaders confirms this view and Islam has strictly forbidden oppression and aggression against others and declared it an unforgivable sin. Regarding the People of the Book, this special attention is paid and the Islamic government considers the rights and duties of this group of citizens to be formulated and enforced in the form of a contract of obligation.Some of the principles governing the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims in Islamic society are: the principle of human dignity, the principle of denying the domination of infidels over Muslims (denying the mustache), the principle of composing hearts, the principle of calling to Islam, the principle of benevolence, the principle of integration.

In the current situation in the country, due to economic pressures and sanctions, the cost of telecommunication measures to commercialize such technology has increased, and the issue of paying attention to the quality of this technology has become more important than ever. The purpose of this study is to design and explain the IoT commercialization model in Iranian organizations (Iran Telecommunication Company). The method of this research is inductive and the qualitative method and to do it the technique of data foundation theory has been used. The statistical population of the present study includes telecommunication managers and professors and experts in the field of information technology. The data collection method in the present study is a semi-structured interview and a combination of purposeful judgment methods and snowball method was used to select the sample, which reached a theoretical saturation with 22 people. The results of the research include identifying the dimensions of the country's telecommunication infrastructure, making full use of all communication power with real and legal customers, increasing the power of analysis in the dimensions of the telecommunication business, moving towards integrating telecommunication services, strengthening the field of customer knowledge and their needs. Data is the transmission of selected data through communication networks, evaluating and estimating data and responding to available information for the main phenomenon. The results show that the total number of causal factors that cause the commercialization of the Internet of Things in Iranian telecommunications are: high-throughput, Internet network bandwidth, user data integrity, and Authentication credentials.

The main role of the independent auditor is to trust and validate financial statements. Financial statements are the center of gravity and focus of financial reports and information. Financial statements are known as the tools of accountability and decision making. These statements are useful in decision making and accountability when they are reliable, transparent and of appropriate quality. The present study investigates the branding of auditing firms by predicting the causal relationships between the constructs of perceptual characteristics and mental association of auditing firms. The statistical population of this study is independent auditors and a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. After performing the reliability and validity tests of the sample data, the relevant analyzes were performed based on the structural modeling approach. The results show that the structures of empathy and commitment are effective factors in the mental association of the audit firm brand..This assurance is issued in the form of an audit report. The final product of the audit is a reporting entity in which the auditor provides a professional opinion on the appropriateness of the financial statements.

Today, the institution of civil liability is important due to the advancement of technology and communications. One of the most important issues can be considered the issue of civil liability arising from the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies, so that this issue is not mentioned in our codified laws in Iranian law, and its generalities are generally mentioned in the laws. In this regard, it is important to examine the elements of civil liability of buyers and sellers, as well as the derivatives of this type of currency code.In some cases, governments and in other cases, individuals and legal entities are harmed in buying and selling such cryptocurrencies. Therefore, in this article, we will examine the civil liability resulting from the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies in Iranian law, what are the conditions and what are the effects, and finally, what are the principles governing it. This issue has been studied by descriptive and analytical methods and we have found that there are no written rules for civil liability in extracting and selling cryptocurrencies in Iranian law and it has been relied on by the public and this issue has three pillars of civil liability. It is with different conditions, the theoretical basis of which is formed in Iranian law according to the theory of fault.

Proportionality, as a fundamental rule, seeks to converge in the old disputes of criminal law, which puts an end to disagreements and raises the need to tailor a legitimate judicial decision based on the objective and subjective facts in the case. One of the main topics of the theory of proportionality is the proportionality of criminal liability of legal entities; The Iranian legislature has taken positive steps to eliminate the existing legal gaps in rereading the criminal liability conditions of legal entities in the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013. However, according to the legal conditions governing the commission of crimes of this group of criminals, and especially the type of crime, the type of crime and the type of punishment, they are far from the facts of criminal responsibility, and the findings of this article indicate that the legislature in some cases It has been foreign and in a few cases there has been an attempt to implicitly and incompletely use the proportionality of the criminal responsibility of these persons. Therefore, in this article, we will examine the appropriateness of one of the legal conditions of criminal responsibility (type of commission, type of crime and punishment) of these persons in an analytical-descriptive method.

Shiite jurists, after being deprived of the presence of the Infallibles (AS), increasingly realized the necessity of achieving a valid and revised method in deriving practical branches from the holy texts, and in this regard, established the science of the principles of jurisprudence. However, other religious scholars who saw themselves in the face of opposition and focused their main efforts on the rational defense of the principles of religion and religion did not elaborate on the methodological issues necessary to deduce religious teachings. In order to draw the attention of researchers in the field of humanities to this important issue, Ayatollah Maleki Mianji has studied the method of inferring the religious teachings by explaining his special view on interpretation, firm and similar, and the achievements of the observer. Among these achievements, we can point to the indescribability of God in such a way that he believes in the principle of verbal sharing of divine names and attributes in complete contrast between human attributes and God's attributes. He has denied and considered divine knowledge possible only through introducing God to man in the situations of definition.

The ideal model of the Shiites is the rule of the Infallible Imam or the appointed deputy of the Imam. However, with the beginning of the period of the absence of the twelfth Shiite Imam, the dual power model of Sultan-Faqih gradually became popular among Shiite jurists and was implemented in the Safavid period. Although this model was ignored by the government during the Afshar and Zand periods, it was considered again with the rise to power of Fath Ali Shah Qajar. Accordingly, in this article, by examining historical and jurisprudential books, the effective factors in the continuation of the dual power model in the period of Fath Ali Shah are studied. The main question of the article is what factors caused the reproduction of the pattern of dual power of Sultan-Faqih in the period of Fath Ali Shah? The hypothesis of the article is that the model of dual power of Sultan-Faqih in the period of Fath Ali Shah has been used according to the mutual needs of the government and scholars and based on the principle of Imamate and pragmatic attitude of some Shiite jurists. The results of this study indicate that the model of dual power in the period of Fath Ali Shah due to the occurrence of Iran-Russia wars, and the mutual needs of the government and scholars was considered and had important consequences.

Today, the use of criminal law functions by governments to support privatization (government economic liberalization) and private sector activities for economic development has become inevitable. In this descriptive study and using library resources, the nature and characteristics of economic crimes, the relationship between criminal law and economics, the positive involvement of criminal law in privatization and economic development and the negative involvement of criminal law in economic development and privatization were investigated. . Studies show that before privatization, criminal law had broad support for the state economy compared to the private and cooperative sectors. It indicates the lack of use of the capacities of modern criminal law. Therefore, the use of tools and capacities of criminal and extra-criminal law has been the source of valuable effects in preventing balancing the market order, protecting investors, preventing hoarding, decriminalization, impunity and reducing the costs of the criminal justice system. Today, policymakers of the criminal justice system have come to the conclusion that the design and implementation of effective criminal policy is not possible except by calculating all its dimensions and angles. Especially in developed or developing countries, in order to promote economic development, all programs and policies, including criminal and prevention, are evaluated. So that economic plans do not find conflict

The institution of suspension of execution of punishment is a tool for the policy of individualization of punishment and correction of the offender, so what should be considered by the court for the implementation of this institution is the personality of the offender and the effect of punishment on him and the type of crime should not play a role. It is possible for an offender to accidentally commit forgery or embezzlement, but his danger is far less than that of a simpler crime; Therefore, the exception of some punishments and the non-inclusion of suspension of punishments towards them is not free from criticism. There are also more severe punishments in the criminal law that the legislator has prohibited the suspension of their implementation and the reason for choosing the punishments mentioned in Article 47 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 has no clear and precise basis and may be due to the danger of these crimes and problems for society. . Courts are sometimes free to reduce and suspend sentences to correct and reinstate the accused. Fortunately, with the passage of the Law on Reducing the Punishment of Imprisonment in 1399, many restrictions on the suspension of some crimes were lifted, and the legislature has moved toward a policy of individualizing punishments and expanding the powers of the courts.

Theory of mind can be influenced by the emotions of individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of mothers' emotional regulation training program on the theory of mind ability of children aged 4 to 9 years. A quasi-experimental research method was used with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included mothers of primary and preschool children in Shiraz in the academic year 1399-1400, 30 of whom were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups by available sampling method. The experimental group was exposed to 10 sessions of emotion regulation training and both groups were assessed using the Hotchins Mind Theory Questionnaire (2012) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up.Theory of mind can be influenced by the emotions of individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of mothers' emotional regulation training program on the theory of mind ability of children aged 4 to 9 years. A quasi-experimental research method was used with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included mothers of primary and preschool children in Shiraz in the academic year 1399-1400, 30 of whom were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups by available sampling method. The experimental group was exposed to 10 sessions of emotion regulation training and both groups were assessed using the Hotchins Mind Theory Questionnaire (2012) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up.

The issue of the wife leaving the house with the permission of the husband is one of the rights and duties between the spouses, which is disputed by the jurists in Islamic law. There are two views in this regard; Well-known jurists consider the permission of the spouse to be absolutely obligatory, and others have restricted it to not contradicting the pleasures of the spouse. This research, which has been organized by analysis method, is in order to answer the question whether the appointment of a couple as the head of the family in Iranian jurisprudence and law will not lead to unconditional domination and authority of some men? Especially in the contemporary world where women, like men, have taken on many social tasks and obedience is not possible for them at any time, will not provide the means to abuse the right? The author is of the opinion; First, even assuming the acceptance of the first view, the first sentence of the couple's consistency is changeable in the case of secondary titles; إ The husband's permission for the wife to leave the house is considered as an example of the husband's rights and is considered as one of the effects and requirements of marriage; Therefore, it can be adjusted and limited with the condition during the contract.

The present study seeks to investigate the comparative status of dual citizenship and its positive and negative consequences in the laws of Iran, Russia and the Commonwealth. the payment. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in this research is documentary-legal analysis. The findings of this study indicate that: First, comparing the legal systems of Iran and Russia, most of the differences are in the view of the laws of these two countries regarding dual citizenship. Russia accepts dual citizenship and constantly updates its legal laws in this regard, while Iran does not accept dual citizenship, but faces a large number of dual nationalities and does not have a suitable legal solution to this issue. Second, the effects of citizenship in Iran due to imposition The citizenship of a man over a woman and the extension of the citizenship of the father to the children is different from the common law, which has accepted the joint citizenship of the couple and the citizenship of the parents.

Deployment of knowledge management in organizations with research and development approach, is faced many barriers. Gamification system is one of the solutions can be used to extract knowledge of employees. This system is studied for enriching knowledge management in R&D fields. In this study, with the help of a questionnaire and its distribution among R&D experts of Iran Khodro Company (Iran-Khodro Diesel, Iran-Khodro Passenger, IPCO, TAM and SAPCo). The result of this study shows the relationship between gamification system, the knowledge management process and development in organizational, environmental and organizational dimensions, and then were evaluated it. Based on the results of the first stage, it was determined using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Then in SPSS software the correlation test was investigated which the results showed that in IKCO approach of the gamification system only affects the organizational, environmental and organizational dimensions. According to the results obtained for Iran Khodro Industrial Group in this research, it is suggested that all tools (especially reward schedule) are included in knowledge management deployment (technologies and knowledge management software, etc). In addition the employee that worked in research and development is encouraged to knowledge management sharing.

This article examines the nature of government liability and civil liability for fiscal policy. According to the thematic documents presented in this study, the question is what differences and similarities are observed in the study of civil liability resulting from government fiscal policies in the legal system of Iran and the United Kingdom? In response to the article's question, it is assumed that: "Civil liability arises from the fiscal policies of the main government accepted in the two legal systems of Iran and Britain, which in Iran arises from the rule of fault, but the three legal rules from liability due to recklessness, liability Intentional fault and no-fault liability form the basis of civil liability in the English legal system. Based on this process, the results obtained in this paper are that first; In the Iranian legal system, the theory of serious fault has been mentioned in some laws, such as insurance laws, maritime law, etc., but in the laws related to the formulation of fiscal policies, little attention has been paid to this issue, which shows that the English legal system Government civil liability for fiscal policies is more explicit and transparent. In English law, moral damages are often compared to material damage and it is considered as damage that is caused to personal spiritual property and consists of two parts, social and emotional, while in the Iranian legal system, this issue is not discussed.

Despite the past and present value of auditing, what may be of concern is the role that auditing will play in the future. The bottom line is that traditional auditing is heavily influenced by the growing power and capabilities of information technology systems. In this research, related models and variables have been identified to identify the factors affecting e-auditing in government agencies and affiliated to the Iranian government.

Content analysis method was used to identify the variable. The interviews were coded using maxqda software. The results showed that the results of defining the qualitative data collected using the interview tool, 62 open codes among 171 concepts were identified.

Then, based on the studied models on research variables, general criteria were extracted. In this study, the sample size has been considered to the extent of saturation of experts and specialists who deal directly with this issue in government and government-affiliated agencies in Lorestan province, Koohdasht city. In this research, the opinions of 10 experts have been collected.

Finally, based on the results, 10 categories have been identified, including electronic audit information, electronic audit infrastructure,

The most important figure among Muslims is the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In this regard, his biography has been discussed in many works. The popularity and greatness of the character of the Imam can be seen in literary texts, including the epistle of Ibn Hussam Khosafi. Before entering the main speech, the poet has dedicated verses to the representation of the life of the Imam, such as the representation of Ascension. This issue has also been considered by Western Islamologists. Anne-Marie Schimmel has spoken about the ascension of the Prophet and its quality based on the Qur'an and hadiths in several studies. In the present study, first Ibn Hussam Khosafi's view of Ascension has been studied with regard to Quranic verses and the views of Shiite commentators and then compared with Schimmel's views. The results of this research, which has been compiled based on library sources and descriptive-analytical method, show that both personalities emphasize the spiritual and physical dimensions of Ascension. Also, in their view, the process of ascension has had a celestial and heavenly nature. The difference between Khosafi and Schimmel's approach is that according to Shiite beliefs, the poet of KhavaranNameh excludes the view of the essence of God by the Prophet in the event of Ascension and limits it to seeing the divine attributes, but Schimmel is influenced by opinions. Sunni commentators and mere citations to some verses of the Qur'an, without flexibility, make it possible for Muhammad to see the essence of God and emphasize it.

Amir Khosrow Dehlavi and Abdolrahman Jami are among the most capable poets in the field of Persian literature; In addition to using various poetic themes, they have also dealt with common sciences and technologies in their time and have reflected a lot of scientific and skillful information in their poetry. Their poetry is full of concepts related to the sciences and technologies of their time, including philosophy, astronomy, history, mathematics, etc., which have not been studied from this aspect. In this article, we have tried the romantic poems "Majnoon and Lily" and "Shirin and Khosrow" by Amir Khosrow Dehlavi with the poems "Yousef and Zuleikha" and "Lily and Majnoon" Jami, in terms of the application of the common sciences and technologies of the era. Be examined and compared. By explaining each of the knowledge of the time and the techniques of the time, the author tries to make it possible to understand the ideas expressed in the poetry of these prominent poets.

Ferdowsi In Shahnameh has mentioned the various characteristics of worthy and ideal kings, the most important of which should be considered as rationality; Because this trait underlies the emergence of other behavioral characteristics such as justice and observance of justice in man. A look at the practical behavior of kings and other personalities present in the Shahnameh shows that the concepts of giving and wisdom should be considered as the main basis of their actions at different times. On this basis, in the present study, citing library sources and descriptive-analytical method, the role of wisdom in the justice of kings in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi has been studied and explored. The results of the research show that Ferdowsi, by sanctifying wisdom, has legitimized the kings with this attribute and placed them among the Ahura (God) forces. In his view, justice is one of the actions that prevails in governments based on rationalism and the level of worldly and spiritual well-being of the people is directly related to the two concepts of reason and justice. The most important outcomes of justice and wisdom in macro-policies are: observance and protection of material and spiritual rights of subordinates; Rational approach to defeated groups in war; The favorable effect of wisdom and justice on the quality of the kingdom; The inverse relationship of wisdom with injustice; The wise judge and the affirmations of God; Increasing the level of welfare of the people.

The success of organizations is largely rooted in innovation. Today, innovation in the current technological environment plays an important role for organizations, and most organizations are looking to create new ideas to use the knowledge to offer new products and services to customers and stakeholders, and through this infrastructure. Create the necessary for innovation. This study, in order to identify factors, indicators and provide a model of innovative capabilities in small and medium enterprises in order to increase the value of capital, with 5 main factors and 20 dimensions that the relevant factors and dimensions are: individual factor (knowledge, skills, characteristics) Personality and motivation), group factor (composition, coherence, relationship and size), organizational factor (culture, systems and processes, strategies, leadership and organization, learning), industry factor (networking, suppliers, customers and competition), factor National (government incentives, laws and regulations, environmental conditions) and 86 indicators have been formed. The effectiveness of these indicators on innovative capabilities after designing a questionnaire and distributing it among 306 experts and employees of small and medium companies in Markazi province and using structural equations and Emus software, the research model has been fitted. 80 indicators with 5 main factors and 20 dimensions were accepted for the designed model. According to the research, successful innovative capabilities in small and medium enterprises of Markazi province require attention to all the above factors, dimensions and indicators.

Installment sale, a long-standing contract with a new robe, was established in accordance with social relations and economic developments to facilitate the flow of sales, access and use of goods and to be its catalyst. In Islamic jurisprudence, installment sale following the topics of credit, while praising the purchase and sale of the debtor, the recognition of the price regardless of its installment, has been identified. Furthermore, the Iranian Civil Code, although it does not specify the installment sale, but in view of the undeniable benefits of this legal entity, its requirements and requirements with the characteristic of "being the seller and the price being the installment" can be sought among banking rules and regulations. This descriptive-analytical study, while explaining the jurisprudential concept of installment sale and analyzing the issues of agreements, has examined the position of Iranian law and the International Convention on the Sale of Goods (1980 Vienna).

The formation of an efficient government is demanded by Islam for the welfare of society and in order to attain human beings’ perfection and well-being. The present study was conducted to identify the components of governments’ efficiency from the perspective of Islamic public law and teachings. According to Islam, governments and political power are considered legitimate if they are based on a religious foundation.Today, the statesmen in the governments of Muslim societies are prone to ignorance and error because they are deprived of a direct access to an Infallible Imam (PBUH) and lack of an adequate assurance of knowledge, piety and practical entailment. The components required for a government to enhance its efficiency are not identified. The present descriptive study has analyzed the components of Islamic public law and teachings from relevant resources.  The results of this study show that acting on the components of rationality, justice, human dignity, responsibility, God-centeredness, piety, commitment, rule of law, simplicity, coexistence, consultation, security, public oversight, dealing with corruption and accountability, cooperation Welfare and public education, avoidance of aristocracy, establishment of installments and justice, diligence in education, promote political power and efficient organization of governments and Taking care of them facilitates the achievement of the goal and brings stability to the government and the trust of the nation.

The present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and validating the competency model of strategic managers of the Welfare Organization. Consecutive exploratory research method (qualitative-quantitative) of the instrumentation type and research strategy is considered in the qualitative part, content analysis and in the quantitative part, survey. Participants in the qualitative section were 15 professors from the faculties of public management and human resources of Khorasan Razavi province who were selected by purposive and judgmental sampling method. Areas selected. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview is semi-structured and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire. The research questionnaire consists of 4 main components and 77 items that are adjusted based on a five-point Likert scale. The method of analysis of the interview data was the method of the network of topics and in the quantitative part of the confirmatory factor analysis test was selected using Smart pls 3 software. The findings of the qualitative section included 77 basic themes, 25 organizational themes and 4 comprehensive themes (individual competencies, organizational competencies, leadership competencies and strategic competencies). The results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients confirmed the validity and reliability of the model.

Addressing Hafez's poetry in one sense means not carefully researching his thoughts. His poetry is multi-layered and multi-faceted and covers a variety of topics. Accordingly, the phenomenon of love and the explanation of the relationship between lover and lover in his sonnets take on transnational dimensions and includes the socio-political issues of his time. In the superstructure, the poet represents these connections in order to convince his general audience, but in depth, he describes his critical perceptions and opinions in order to increase the understanding of his specific and punctual audience and to express his literary and popular selfishness. N. The purpose of this study is to investigate Hafez's socio-political intentions of representing the relationship between lover and beloved in lyric poems with reference to library sources and descriptive-analytical method. The results show that there are three main commonalities between the character of the beloved (superstructure) and the king (deep construction), which are: 1. Facing and the king with many people 2. Calling the beloved king 3. The actions of the king آ Lover. On this basis, one of Hafez's goals in reflecting lyrical and romantic issues has been to represent and explain his political and social thoughts. Of course, this method has caused the multi-layered text of the production and navigation of the poet's intentions by the maximum target group (general audience). The main reason for using such a method was the unfavorable political and social conditions and lack of criticism of those in power at that time.

The purpose of this study was to investigate organizational innovation in Iran higher education system. It was an applied-descriptive study using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of heads and deputies of universities authorized by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ministry of Health, Medical Education and Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi including 320 individuals. 175 individuals were selected using cluster random sampling. The standard questionnaire of Ismail (2002) was used to collect data. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated 0.947 using Cronbach's alpha. Face and content validity was calculated using experts’ opinion and construct validity was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. For statistical analysis of the data, one-sample t-test, kurtosis and elongation test, Friedman test, confirmatory factor analysis were used in Smart Pls, Spss software. Findings indicated that organizational innovation in the studied society is at an undesirable level (lower than the average), and the components of organizational innovation did not have the same ranking. The environment-feedback component had the highest rank in the population. Interpersonal feedback and environmental innovation, individual innovation, individual-feedback, evidence-driven learning and leadership innovation were ranked next, respectively (p-value <0.05). Given the unfavorable status of organizational innovation, it is recommended that universities and higher education institutions should enhance and improve organizational innovation and removing existing obstacles.

since the start of fighting in syria since 1967 , western and arab countries supported the syrian rebels , which culminated in the recognition of the syrian opposition coalition on the other hand . with the advent of isis , a new chapter was started which is likely that western and arab countries do not support them for terrorist activity . however , the evidence shows that some countries support this takfiri flow . according to the population of islamic scholars in iraq , saudi arabia , saudi arabia , saudi arabia , egypt and libya are considered isil supporters . one of the u.s. treasuries also published the names of those supporting isil , which are generally from saudi arabia . but the best reference for recognizing countries supporting takfiri flow in the target countries of terrorist acts is that iraq , syria , iran and the lebanese hizbollah party . according to them , the government of isis , saudi arabia , qatar , turkey and zionist regime are the main supporters of isis . according to article 32 of the international responsibility plan , the international responsibility of the government is realized when the behavior , whether the action or omission of the verb , is under international law attributable to that state and is considered as a violation of the international obligation . so in order to investigate the liability these states , first the issue of assignment and then international violations will be investigated .

The share of the occupational group in GDP is about 36%. As a result, the tax share of this group should be about 36% of the total tax.according to the budget law of 2009, only 7% of the total tax (10 thousand billion tomans) is collected from the group of jobs. As a result, if the ratio of 8% to 36% is increased by a proportionality table, the actual amount of tax evasion of the occupational group will be determined. This amount is about 40 thousand billion tomans. The figure of 40,000 billion Tomans of tax evasion of the occupational group is calculated if the share of this group in the total gross national product is 36% and not more. The minimum amount of tax evasion is mentioned in only one of the mentioned groups. The review of annual budgets in 2017 in the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly has also claimed the existence of six thousand billion tomans of tax evasion in the health sector. Therefore, the Islamic Consultative Assembly proposed the inclusion of clauses according to which centers are obliged to pay 10% of the doctors' fee or medical fee, which is due to the receipt of money | Invoices sent to insurance companies or in cash are paid by the patient, deduct tax as an account and deposit in the name of the relevant doctor to the account of the Tax Affairs Organization by the end of the month after receiving the bill amount [2].

The development of a country is not achieved solely on the basis of civil and authoritarian mechanisms, but in order to achieve sustainable development and security, a government must be accountable for its actions and there must be a dynamic relationship between citizen participation and government accountability. Among these, attention to the issue of ethnic identity is one of the factors influencing good governance and government-citizen interactions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effect of good citizenship dimensions on good governance among different ethnicities using structural equation modeling. This research is fundamental and applied in terms of purpose and is correlated in terms of type of implementation and based on field observations. Dimensions and indicators of good governance and good citizenship are measured by a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical population includes all Iranian citizens at the time of the research, which is divided into six main subgroups (Persian, Baluch, Turkish, Arab, Kurdish and Lor) indicating different ethnicities. And a total of 1832 Iranian citizens participated in the sample. The results showed that a justice-oriented, responsible, ethical and entrepreneurial citizen from the dimensions of good citizenship has a significant effect on the perception of the quality of good governance and different ethnicities have a moderating effect in these relationships, so that in Lor people the impact of justice-oriented citizen dimension. Perception of the quality of cooperation is greater and in the Baloch people this effect is less than other ethnicities.

Spouses's rights is one of civil law's concepts which not only has a legal aspect, but also it is full of customary and moral aspects and also has the both feature of financial and non-financial. The greatest use of customary law in Holy Quran is about spouses’s rights and regulating relations between them.For this very fact, ignoring the role of custom in spouses's rights conduces substantial challenges in the society. The purpose of this article is going to discuss about role of custom in some non-financial rights of spouses, such as Family headship, the Fulfill of duties,and Good behavior in Iran legal system Islamic religionst of in a descriptive analytical method.In this paper, while clarifying the scope of the custom and recognizing it as a source of legislation,Finally,we will realize that, although the custom in the legal system of Iran, most of all, in the case of the silence of the text, has a complementary and explicit role; However, it has a role to play. In many cases, the practical application of the Jurisprudence and the law is used also, the role of custom in the tradition of the Sunni is that what is considered to be a good and suitable custom is also pleasing to God. The role of custom on the rights of minorities (TheJew, Zoroastrian, and Christian), according to their customary religious practices, can not be denied, and is the source of law.

Economic and social rights constitute an important part of human rights and civil rights in the domestic and international dimensions, so its manifestation can be seen in the main international treaty, namely the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. These rights are enshrined in the constitutions of most countries, including Iran, and oblige governments to meet the demands of their citizens. These rights and obligations of the government towards them are always opposed to civil and political rights (rights of the first generation) and are compared with them in various dimensions. One of the main foundations of the nation-state model in the design of civil rights is the issue of "democracy" based on the "liberal democratic approach". The classical liberal theory sees the state as a neutral mediator between the interests and rival groups of society that are a vital guarantee for social order. Most liberals claim that human beings are naturally in a state of complete freedom in relation to their actions. As well as thinking, without the need for leave or under the will of anyone. The fundamental principle of liberalism implies that the restriction on freedom must be justified. Liberal thought portrays all citizens as free and equal individuals in the status of citizens. This requires distinguishing between the rights and obligations of the individual as a citizen and his or her membership in specific groups based on ethnicity, language, religion, social class and dignity, and specific local and cultural characteristics.

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of criminology in society with the approach of criminal law. Be effective to these people. The main question is what are the effective factors of criminological effects at the community level? The objectives of this study are to explain various social, cultural and political factors as well as to provide preventive measures. The most important of these factors are injustice, discrimination and repressive attitudes, and the most important ways to prevent such crimes are to ensure the rights and freedoms of individuals and the administration of justice in society. The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. Accordingly, the present article seeks to identify the causes and factors of crime in social etiology and criminal prevention strategies and the situation of crime, offender, social environment, and in fact with theories of criminal sociology, classical and critical criminology and the teachings of restorative justice. With emphasis on Iranian criminal law.

Bank deposit is one of the effective factors in capital formation and achieving economic development. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of intra-organizational and extra-organizational variables in predicting the absorption of long-term bank deposits in Melli bank branches in Yazd. The Research method in terms of applied purpose and in terms of the data collection method, is a descriptive analysis of correlation type. By examining the research background and experts' views, five intra-organizational variables (Interest rate as the main policy tool, number of branches, staff skills, variety of services, and advertising) and three extra-organizational variables (per capita income، Parallel market returns and population) were identified as assumed variables affecting long-term bank deposit, and a researcher-made questionnaire was developed. The statistical population included customers with time deposit accounts in 33 branches of Melli bank in Yazd and the sample group consisted of 140 people who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. To analyze the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis methods were used to examine the effect of each of the variables inside and outside the organization in predicting the absorption of term bank deposits.

From a purely subjective point of view, it can be acknowledged that any action that the offender takes to achieve his intended crime, but for whatever reason does not lead to a total crime, will be punishable under the heading of incomplete crime. Such a view would lead to the unlimited spread of imperfect crimes, which would lead to the restriction of individual rights and freedoms. For this reason, legal systems have limited imperfect crimes to actions that are very close to the full crime, or in other words, to the execution of the crime. These measures include only the initiation of a crime, a sterile crime and an impossible crime. In Iranian criminal law, the instances of imperfect crime are commencement of crime, sterile crime, and impossible crime. In the common law system, in addition to the above-mentioned cases, incitement and collusion are also considered as unfinished crimes. In these crimes, despite the fact that the perpetrator intends to commit a crime and penetrates into its executive operation, the crime he wants will not be realized. Each of the examples of the mentioned crimes has its own characteristics and effects

The purpose of this study is to "International efforts to combat the financing of terrorism and the approach of the Iranian legal system to it". The method of compiling this research is descriptive-analytical. The findings show that the most effective ways to combat terrorism is to fight financing and drain their financial resources. To this end, countries, either directly or through the United Nations and resorting to legal means, have prepared and prepared documents in this regard. Internationally and within the framework of international law, measures such as the ratification of conventions and the formation of working groups have been taken to eliminate the financial resources of terrorists. In terms of their importance and formal validity and binding description, Security Council resolutions, in particular Resolution 1 adopted in 2001, are of paramount importance; Secondly, the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (3), drafted by the United Nations; Then, there are the eight special recommendations as well as some related forty recommendations of the Financial Action Group. Counter-terrorism financing is currently being pursued in a variety of ways, including taking precautionary measures to identify prematurely transferred resources to assist terrorist operations, as well as response measures such as punishing perpetrators of terrorist financing and seizing assets. They have become an international obligation.

With the rise of Iran, Iranian architecture has entered new developments and from the perspective of confrontation with architecture, a dissent and the movement of architecture occur in the form of an identity movement that brings different and new attitudes. Considering the currents of communication with the West before and after the Pahlavi period, as well as the university-oriented and revolutionary attitudes that had valuable identity-seeking insights, most modern theories and designs after the victory of the Islamic Revolution shifted to national and identity values. In most of the proposed approaches, attention was paid to postmodern paradigms along with global developments and even copied from it. Also, a dissent and architectural movement in the period after the victory of the Islamic Revolution occurs in the form of an identity movement that brings different and new attitudes. According to the proposed cases, the purpose of this study is ینین New approaches to contemporary Iranian architecture after the revolution from the perspective of modern innovations. To achieve this, the analytical-descriptive method and in particular the content analysis and inferential method have been used. The results of the concepts of inferential analysis show that the attitudes in contemporary architecture after the revolution from the perspective of modern innovations; They can be deduced in three levels of imitation, transitional and conceptual.

The purpose of this study is to design an English language lesson plan with banking objectives in which employees of the Export Development Bank of Iran are used and to achieve the objectives of the research, needs assessment using four research tools questionnaire, interview, observation and review of documents and based on a The research was combined. Based on the data from the needs assessment, specific learning objectives were identified. The obtained results indicate that the needs assessment shows that all four main language skills with different priorities are important in the Export Development Bank of Iran. Accordingly, an educational lesson plan was designed focusing on speaking and writing skills as the first priority, reading skills with medium priority and listening skills with low priority. Based on the objectives, the present researchers used a comprehensive-ح centered and subject-oriented curriculum approach so that bank employees could acquire the knowledge and ability of English required for banking. The main application of this research can be for course designers. In other words, a carefully developed and planned training course for banking purposes provides a theoretical framework for the specific and effective use of English. The integrated English language course plan for banking purposes includes 13 main topics: banking services, bank accounts, checks, payment orders, credentials, transfer letters, collections, guarantees, loans, correspondence, foreign currencies, contracts, telephone calls. In addition, English language learners with specific communication goals in the bank can benefit from the results of this research in practice.

The aim of this study is to explain the policy model of university entrepreneurship development in the higher education system of the country to answer the main question that in the desired situation (from the perspective of experts and managers) what elements and components should be implemented in which entrepreneurship development policy To play a role? Identifying the dimensions, elements and variables of the university entrepreneurship development policy model and identifying the appropriate policy model for the development of university entrepreneurship in the higher education system were identified as the main questions of this study. For this purpose, in the research method in the qualitative stage, 20 experts were considered and purposeful interviews were conducted with them. From the results of the interview, a questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed by statistical tests. In the quantitative method, 72 professors, managers and experts of Tehran, Allameh and Qazvin universities and managers of policy-making organizations were considered. By performing tests in spss and eqs software, the correlation and the effect of the proposed model elements under its variables were examined by testing structural equations. The results of the model fit test were obtained by examining the RMSEA variable (mean error of mean squares) of 0.059, which is less than 0.1, which confirmed the fit of the model. At the end, suggestions for entrepreneurship development in the university were presented.

"Time lapse" has always been discussed by legal thinkers as an important and influential legal establishment in criminal proceedings and from the point of view of legal thinkers in the foundations of this legal establishment, acceptance or non-acceptance of its conditions and its applications in domestic This institution was accepted after the Islamic Revolution and in 1378 for deterrent crimes, then in 1392 in the Islamic Penal Code within the limits of punishments, and also according to Law 29 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, War crimes and aggression have been removed from its scope, and the same procedure has been followed for other international crimes in other international instruments.This article has been done using library resources and descriptive-analytical method with the aim of examining the principles and reasons for accepting and denying the passage of time in criminal law and international documents and has concluded that the most important principles and reasons for accepting the passage of time as a rule In domestic criminal law, "correction of the offender" and "disappearance of evidence", "fear of punishment", "destruction of social and family status", "loss of rights due to negligence of the judiciary" and "creation of acquired rights for the offender". On the other hand, an important reason for using the negation of the passage of time in international criminal law is the removal of a major impunity barrier in international law, and this institution is different from other joint institutions

Oman’s foreign policy during the last five decades has been in line with peaceful approach, neutrality and mediation in some of the crisis of the Persian Gulf region. The main question of this article is that, what impact will the death of Sultan Qaboose have, on the foreign policy of Oman in the Persian Gulf and Middle East region? The hypothesis of this article, which is done, based on the descriptive – analytical way of research, is that, following the death of Sultan Qaboos and the reaching to thrown of Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, meaningful changes will not take place in the main strategies of the foreign policy of this country, but we will witness some changes in diplomatic procedures and tactics. Findings show that the political and cultural structure of Oman and the position of this country in the regional and global politics and the admirable legacy that the late Sulatn Qaboos left inside and outside the county, will cause the new Sultan to continue the current foreign policy of Oman, which is based on positive neutrality. At the same time, he will try to adopt special tactics and innovations to show his own special personality to his own nation and to the region. This important point probably will cause some differences in the way of foreign policy, in comparison to the previous Sultan.

One of the most important concerns of policy makers is to establish justice in health and access to health services. In this regard, we should not neglect the organizational structures that are the goal of this plan and the type of human resource management. The aim of this study was to discover the factors affecting the development of the Health Transformation Plan in the Ministry of Treatment and Medical Education. The qualitative research method was grounded theory. The community was a qualitative stage of treatment staff and personnel who were purposefully interviewed with 15 of the most experienced managers and specialists in education and human resources in the country with an average of 10 years of work experience. In-depth qualitative interviews were performed on the samples. The sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. Three types of coding were used to analyze the obtained data: open, axial and selective coding. Findings were summarized based on MAXQDA software.The categories extracted from the codings were classified into six categories: causal factors, intervening factors, contextual factors, strategies and consequences. Based on the obtained categories and existing theoretical foundations and previous research, the theoretical model was designed schematically using MAXQDA software.The findings showed that in order to achieve an effective health development plan in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, it is better to consider each of the causal, intervening, contextual, and strategies and consequences in creating a He noticed a comprehensive and appropriate pattern

The principle of the rule of law, as one of the modern concepts of international law, is one of the requirements of the international community. Some thinkers, with some ambiguities about it, believe that international law, unlike domestic law, lacks the necessary features to establish this principle. In order to establish the principle of the rule of law in international law, characteristics such as the existence of binding rules, accountability, participation, transparency of rules, guarantee of human rights, etc. are necessary. The present article examines the approaches and capacities of international law in the realization of the rule of law by descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, one of the most important findings of the study is that the rule of law in international law is inextricably linked to human rights and international peace and security, and international support for human rights and the establishment of institutions such as the Security Council And the fight against impunity through the establishment of international criminal authorities indicates the establishment of the principle of the rule of law in international law.

Human societies have long been involved in the formation of the government to organize public affairs, optimize efforts, and achieve common goals. They have historically formed various forms of government. Today, the result of human experiences of different ways of governing is theorized within a series of models whose main principles are presented in the form of a model or the model of "good governance". The ways to reach it can vary from community to community. After the Islamic Revolution, the formation of Islamic councils was considered as one of the most important ways to achieve good governance.Currently, more than two decades after the implementation of the law on councils and the formation of the council system in Iran, the main question is to what extent Islamic councils as a form of local government have played a role in achieving the characteristics of good governance. This study seeks to answer this question in the city of Mashhad. It is hypothesized that the performance of the Islamic councils of the city of Mashhad has promoted many characteristics of good governance in the city of Mashhad. By collecting the necessary information in different qualitative methods and examining them in a descriptive-analytical method, the role of the Islamic Council of Mashhad on the status of the most important characteristics of good governance such as participation, justice, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, specific accountability were identified. Findings show that the performance of Islamic councils in Mashhad has promoted many indicators of good governance in Mashhad.

Throughout history, war has inflicted horrific casualties on children, but modern warfare skills make children more crippled and abused than ever before. Given this necessity, the purpose of this article is to examine the consequences of the Syrian war on the rights and health of children and how to protect it. The results show that in the context of global action to increase child protection in armed conflict, this article examines a wide range of important issues related to children's rights and health in the postwar period, and states that issues such as ending amnesty for crimes against children Ending resistance to war, providing children with a place in security programs, controlling and declaring violations of children's rights in war, responding to the scale of sexual conflict and building peace, involving adolescents in reconstruction, supporting children in terrorist attacks, improving information Gathering information and psychoanalysis of children in war, educating and paying attention to children's rights and gender, establishing a social community to support children, preparing resources for children affected by war should be considered as an urgent request in international organizations and courts To be placed.

According to Article 223 of the Civil Code, "any transaction that has taken place is a product of validity, unless its corruption is proven." That is, the principle is that every transaction that has taken place has all the basic conditions for the validity of the transaction and the specific conditions of the contract, and therefore the principle is for its validity as long as it is not proven otherwise, it remains valid and strong if one of the parties He claims that at the time of the transaction, one of the basic conditions for the validity of the transaction did not exist. In any case, the implementation of the principle of correctness is in a case where there is no doubt in the apparent occurrence of the contract, and otherwise the doubt in the realization of the contract and the difference in its occurrence can not resolved with the principle of correctness. The mentioned principle has many applications in Iranian law and several articles of our laws have been regulated and approved based on this principle. What is mainly discussed in this article is generalities about the principle of correctness, necessity and its effect on laws. On the other hand, the historical background and its nature, as well as the principle of correctness in legal and thematic doubt and the conflict between istishab and the principle of correctness and the principle of correctness in Sunni jurisprudence will be discussed in terms of their relevance to the subject of research

This study, by emphasizing the model of good governance, has sought to explain its position in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting by focusing on the concept of transparency and the fight against corruption. The research was a mixed type and in the first part, in order to identify the evaluation criteria, thematic analysis of interviews with 18 experts who were selected by purposeful judgment was used. Also, in the second part of the research, the technique of surveying the opinions of 384 managers and experts in the field of media was used to evaluate the performance of the organization based on the identified criteria, which were selected by available means. Based on the thematic analysis, the interviews in the form of open and centralized coding have led to the discovery of 20 criteria and performance indicators. Proper information, political education and awareness, media independence, non-monopoly, appropriate model and structure, resistance to deviations, paying attention to the demands of civil society, strengthening civil society, being productive and real, holding specialized roundtables, observing neutrality, Revealing economic corruption, producing media content, reducing the gap between the government and the people, transparency within the organization, paying attention to the public interest, being accountable to civil society, monitoring the performance of the government, being a leader, creating culture. The basis for calculating validity indices was excluded from the analysis.

The permission of an fallible judge to invoke his personal knowledge for issuing of judgment is one of the long-standing jurisprudential issues, which is still an important issue for the judiciary today.Evidence in criminal matters in the judicial system is the main element of the case before the judge,cause according to Article 37 of the Constitution of the IslamicRepublicofIran:“Innocence is to be presumed,and no one is to be held guilty of a charge unless his or her guilt has been established by a competent court.The knowledge of the judge has a special place as one of the proofs of litigation in contemporary legal systems,especiallyin the Islamic judicial system.This symbol is provided in the Islamic Penal Code in Articles160-211-212of theIPCin 2013.Although the validity of the knowledge of the judge as the reason for proving the claim has been the subjectof discussion and dispute among Imami jurists,but well-known scholars believe in the authority and validityof the knowledge of the judge. Imam Khomeini(RA)considers the knowledge of the judge as an authority,both in the right of God and in the people's rights,this is true for both civil and criminal matters, provided that there is no evidence against his knowledge.In other words, we can say that legislation is superior to judge-made rules.However,the late Abi Salah made a distinction between God’s right and people’s rightandstated thatafallible judge cannot relyon his knowledge in the affairs of the right of God. Examining these statements and explaining the arguments and the final opinion are the topics of this article.

The first experience of forming a political party in Iran dates back to the constitutional era. But these political parties were never able to have a continuous and useful activity in the Iranian society at that time, and after a short time, they disappeared and no trace of them remained. In this article, the reasons of non-continuity of first constitutional political parties are examined in terms of the views of two political thinkers, Joseph La Palombara and Miner Weiner. The main question is what factors contributed to the lack of continuity of the first political parties of the constitutional era? To answer this question, it is hypothesized that the non-implementation of the modernization project in Iran at that time prevented creating the necessary grounds for the emergence of parties. According to these two thinkers, parties can continue to exist if society has undergone the modernization process. In this study, the subject is addressed using the review and library method

Islamic Revolution, especially after the events of 2011 (Arab developments), Iran has always been an active and effective presence in the region in order to increase security and implement a deterrent strategy based on strategic regional stability in the declared policies. And has considered actions. In the current period, with the increasing importance of regions, the hegemonic system for military presence, support for regional plans, prevention and confrontation of various threats and application of deterrence system, the establishment of military bases in the regions as a tool to exercise power is necessary. Iran's presence in different parts of the world, including West Asia (Middle East) as one of the important and strategic regions, in the form of various military bases (land, air, sea, etc.) is conceivable. These bases are at the forefront of the country's military and security efforts to dominate different parts of the world and to remain in the strategic cycle of power. Therefore, while using the documents, the article is used by descriptive, analytical method and its purpose is to provide various dimensions of deterrence strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in West Asia as a result of the Islamic Revolution in West Asia and the world. Accordingly, the results showed that the deterrent strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in West Asia is based on alliance with pro-Iranian Shiite forces and strengthening the axes of the resistance front, which has resulted in increasing the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In recent years, advances in the context of information technology have led to the formation of a new era of reform in the public political dimension. These reforms have led to changes in public sector policies, processes, and functions through the use of new technology tools.E-government, democracy and e-government programs are designed not only to provide better services to citizens, but also to improve efficiency and increase public participation. In this regard, democracy and people's participation as a lever to promote transparency in the political dimension is predicted and the goals and dimensions of e-government and the move towards e-government along with the continuous development of new e-government technology, has led to the conclusion that Acquisition and implementation of these new e-government programs as soon as possible in all aspects of providing services to citizens The society should be implemented and in the end it can be said that by implementing and using e-government in political and governmental dimensions, a platform for more cooperation and interaction between the people and government institutions can be achieved. This article intends to examine the role and interaction of e-government in achieving public participation.

Organizational culture seems to be a part of separation from a company. Organizational culture can be configured based on its dimensions. Organizational culture configuration helps to increase the activity of the companies under study and ultimately have higher benefits. Accordingly, this study seeks to provide a configuration model based on organizational culture (market and club) for companies operating in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The method of this research is PLS structural equations. The statistical population of the present study includes stock market employees. The research sampling method is systematic random sampling method. The sample size of this research is 220 experts in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method in terms of method with correlation and estimation approach in structural equations of partial least squares (PLS). The findings of the study showed that the factor load values of all items are greater than 0.4 and therefore the measurement model is a homogeneous model and the factor load values are acceptable values. The results of significant analysis of t-statistic values for all items were more than 2.58. This means that the relationship between the items and their corresponding latent variable is accepted at the 99% confidence level.

Healthy eating has important welfare and financial consequences for society. Thus, it is very important that the field of behavioral sciences and behavior analysis conduct research on the pattern of selective behavior of healthy food and drink in order to develop effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to design a qualitative model of selective behavior of healthy food and beverage consumption in adolescents with emphasis on food marketing in Iran. The research method was applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature with a qualitative research approach with data-based strategy. The statistical population included parents and adolescents. Subjects were identified by purposive sampling and snowball sampling, which according to the adequacy of the data, a total of 18 subjects were interviewed. Interviews were used to collect data. Foundation data theory approach was used to analyze the data. In total, 25 general categories were obtained in the form of data foundation theory in the form of a defined approach.

The right of usufruct is one of the important legal issues that the Iranian legislature has considered from articles 40 to 54 of the Civil Code and the types of usufruct. According to Article 40 of the Civil Code of Iran, the right of usufruct is a right according to which a person can Use property that is the property of another or does not have a specific owner, and Article 51 of the said law provides: The right of usufruct is lost in the following cases: 1- In case of expiration of the term. The Lebanese legislature has addressed the issue of usufruct as an objective property right in Articles 32 to 55 of the fifth chapter of the second chapter of the Law on Property Ownership. Dedicated to the other and enjoying it. And the Lebanese legislator from Article 50 to 54 of the law deals with the fall of usufruct. There are causes that are shared with the right of easement, which in this study we examine the causes of the decline of the right of usufruct in the laws of Iran and Lebanon.

The culture of any society contains its identity. One of the cultural categories of the tradition-giving community is giving and receiving gifts; This method affects the communication and interaction between human beings and takes another form. Ferdowsi Shahnameh is a rich source of Iranian heritage that expresses Iranian cultural identity and beliefs from the world of mythology, epic and history. By studying this precious work, we find that women, heroes, princes and princes of ancient Iran in different occasions and occasions They offered gifts such as coronation, wedding, birth of a child, welcome and expulsion, world of heroism, and so on. The origin of this culture is ancient and has long been addressed by different Iranian ethnic groups in their own way. In addition to its psychological effects on the individual and society, this tradition has led to better human, cultural and social relations and interactions. The culture of giving and giving gifts is not limited to marriage ceremonies, childbirth, birth and travel baggage; Sometimes due to ransom and prevention of war and bloodshed, sometimes out of respect and reverence, sometimes out of fear and sometimes due to the strengthening of relations, peace and reconciliation. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method of gift, gift, reconciliation and ransom payment occasions, which are sometimes paid out of compassion and sometimes out of fear, for the sake of peace, reconciliation and strengthening relations, as well as examine and explain the function of each. Conclusions.

The rulings of the General Assembly of the Administrative Court of Justice are considered sources of law due to their binding nature. This study aims to critique one of the tax disputes regarding the inclusion and non-inclusion of tax on the division letter. In this regard, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance has issued a circular on the division of immovable property and real estate subject to the need to obtain a certificate and pay taxes on the transfer of property, but the General Assembly of the Court of Administrative Justice found this issue illegal and annulled. Given that there is disagreement about the nature of the division letter, it is better to resolve it legally first and then comment on the inclusion or non-inclusion of taxes.Another issue; The revocation of the above-mentioned directive is due to the contradiction with the law by the Court of Administrative Justice. Some countries with advanced legal systems have adopted this approach. Therefore, it is expected that by eliminating legal loopholes, it will pave the way for such an approach in our country's tax laws.

The most key solution to our country's football management problems is in the hands of the government. Of course, it does not mean the government itself, but the role of the government in implementing privatization, which is effective. Research shows that moving in the direction of state ownership leads to backwardness, and governments must create a conducive environment to lead the country toward emancipation from government dependence and privatization. The same is true of football, which is currently in a managerial position. Previous research, using descriptive and analytical methods, examined the relationship between privatization and sports management and its effects. In this article, the concept of privatization and its history in the shadow of government management, goals and effects of privatization, the concept of management, adapting the stages of general privatization with the process of privatization in sports, the need for its realization in our country's football clubs and national sports laws. Internationalization of Privatization was examined. The results indicate that the privatization of the country's football clubs can have many direct and indirect effects on the management and achieve the desired results.

Civil liability is one of the ways of compensation that is considered today in both civil and criminal matters as a guarantee. Hence, it raises huge questions about what it's like for bank employees or executives as legal entities. For example, if the customer lends his cash or other movable deposits to the bank, and if he returns and requests cash or any other deposit, he encounters an obstacle and for some reason the cash is lost or is not available for any reason, and this case Due to the negligence of the bank and its employees, it should be examined who is responsible for the civil liability (whether legal or real); In this case, issues such as the rules governing civil liability as well as topics such as fault, loss, loss, civil liability, conditions and characteristics of liability governing banks, etc. are discussed. Therefore, stating all the elements of civil liability as well as its types regarding the liability of banks to the customer is one of the basic necessities now that we will first express the concepts and background and then the fault of bank employees and the rules of liability and full and reasonable compensation. Customers are paid by the bank.

In political participation, the question is what motivates people to vote,but in the behavioral discussion of citizens'political participation, the main question is what makes voters decide to vote for a particular party or individual. In fact, electoral behavior is one of the political actions of the people,which is considered as an indicator to determine the extent of their political participation in the social system.This research is in the category of descriptive-analytical researches and has been done quantitatively, in a survey method and with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire.Its statistical population was the citizens of Karaj who have reached the legal age to vote in elections.The sampling method was multi-stage cluster method. In this method, first, a sample is randomly selected from the studied population clusters and then a number is randomly selected from the individuals of each cluster.The samplesizewasdetermined based on the "Cochran" formula of 384 people and finally,354 samples were analyzed.Findings showthatin the research, the effect of print and digital media advertising policies was confirmed, but their interaction onindividuals was rejected.Also,the significant effect of party affiliation on determining the propaganda policies of the media was effective,but the effectiveness of the propaganda methods used by the parties was rejected. In the end, the effect of the candidate's social status was confirmed. Given the above and the use of different media by parties, groups and candidates, in such societies, the use of appropriate media propaganda methods used by thepartiesaswellasthepresenceofcrediblecandidatescanbebothinpoliticalparticipationandinIt has a good effect on attracting the opinion of the voters.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a popular revolution under the leadership of Imam Khomeini, the product of the widespread presence of the people. People who firmly believed in Islam. Independence, freedom and the establishment of the government of the Islamic Republic were the most important demands of the people during the Islamic Revolution. The Islamic Revolution led to profound changes in the world. One of the most important developments created by the Islamic Revolution; The field of international relations was at the macro level and foreign policy was at the micro level. In the international arena, he was the first country to enter politics with neither Eastern nor Western slogans. The Islamic Republic focused on its ideological and behavioral independence from the bipolar world based on Islamic ideas. In fact, Islamic thought and active behavior is one of the points that have made the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic different from all other countries in the world. He also tried to distance himself from his enemies. The ideological center of such actions by the Islamic Republic should be considered the concept of hostility. Enmity causes a person to distance himself from others and take a different path. Enmity has arisen from religious teachings that in the field of thought and action has led to profound changes in foreign policy and attitude of the Islamic Republic.

AbstractThe present study aims to provide a model of customer motivation to post comments on product sales websites to find answers to these questions: What are the components of customer motivation comments in product sales websites? What is the model of customer motivation to post comments on product sales websites? This research is developmental based on purpose, explanatory and exploratory and according to the result of this research and is also mixed in terms of data collection of this research. In the qualitative part of the research, the statistical population of this research is the experts and sales managers in the three sites of Digi Kala, Tarb and O Kala. Based on the theoretical foundations and open interviews collected from experts and sales managers in the three sites of Digi Kala, Tarb and Okala in the form of implementation of Delphi technique and with the sub-criteria of 65 in the form of 16 main criteria and in the form of 6 dimensions Mainly, interest in participating in the product and service, helping to lead the organization, personal motivation of customers, updating the product and brand, improving the dimensions of the organization's marketing and optimism to make changes, as dimensions of motivation for customers to comment on the web Product sales sites were identified.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the The impact of adolescents' identities on virtual and real space, which was done by survey method. The statistical population includes all high school students in the second year of Ardabil province, from which 380 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework of the research was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face-to-face and structural validity and some modifications and its reliability was confirmed after calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and removing some items. Data were analyzed by t-test of two independent groups in SPSS software. The results showed that adolescents in cyberspace had a dual identity in religious, family, sexual, national, ethnic and cultural dimensions. Adolescents' identities were more structured, coherent, and real in real space, and more mobile, unstable, and unstable in cyberspace. An identity that, according to some characteristics, can be called a modern or rethinking identity. Adolescents, in addition to trying to preserve traditional sources of identity in the real world, portrayed themselves as pro-global or cosmopolitan in cyberspace.

In this article, the issue of values and actions of women in three selected areas of Tehran in the north, center and south of the city has been studied. In recent years, we have seen differences between women's values and their actions. These differences are clearly visible in the first social institution, the family in Iran. Cultural values have gradually given way to economic values and new social actions have been formed. Some women have actions that are in line with their values and others show actions that are completely different from their values. In the theoretical literature of the research, the views of various thinkers and sociologists have been mentioned, the most important of which are the views of Anthony Giddens in the theory of structuring and the views of Erwin Goffman in the theory of drama and most importantly the views of Robert Merton. From Giddens's point of view, the importance of values can be understood, and from Goffman's point of view, the contradiction between values and actions can be understood. In the media sector, one of the five important media theories, namely planting theory; Chinese program or highlighting; Satisfaction; Receive and silent spiral is used. The research background also mentions some of the research that has been done in this field. This research is quantitative and has been done with a survey technique and a researcher-made questionnaire.

In this article, the issue of values and actions of women in three selected areas of Tehran in the north, center and south of the city has been studied. In recent years, we have seen differences between women's values and their actions. These differences are clearly visible in the first social institution, the family in Iran. Cultural values have gradually given way to economic values and new social actions have been formed. Some women have actions that are in line with their values and others show actions that are completely different from their values. In the theoretical literature of the research, the views of various thinkers and sociologists have been mentioned, the most important of which are the views of Anthony Giddens in the theory of structuring and the views of Erwin Goffman in the theory of drama and most importantly the views of Robert Merton. From Giddens's point of view, the importance of values can be understood, and from Goffman's point of view, the contradiction between values and actions can be understood. In the media sector, one of the five important media theories, namely planting theory; Chinese program or highlighting; Satisfaction; Receive and silent spiral is used. The research background also mentions some of the research that has been done in this field. This research is quantitative and has been done with a survey technique and a researcher-made questionnaire.

Studying evidence in the judiciary is one of the most important parts in decision-making and the right of litigants. But the question is what is the ruling in case of confrontation of official documents with other evidences in Iranian and French law? This issue is related to the opposition of official documents with other evidences such as ordinary documents, UAE, testimony of witnesses, oaths and expert theory. Unfortunately, the civil law or special regulations do not examine the opposition of official documents with other evidences Has contrasted official documents with the testimony of witnesses.This is also the case in French law, and although the French legislature has referred to the strength and validity of the official document, it has not made any reference to examining the conflict of documents with other arguments. Therefore, the realm of opposition of official documents with other evidences should be explicitly and implicitly studied in civil regulations as well as in jurisprudence, although this issue has also been mentioned in jurisprudential texts.

Mysticism, which is the direct identification and intuition of transcendence through discovery and intuition of the heart, as a spiritual phenomenon, has two practical and theoretical parts. The practical part of mysticism expresses the mystical path and behavior that is in the field of the practical intellect of the seeker. Theorists in this field paid attention to practical mysticism from different aspects and considered attention to each dimension as one of the components of practical mysticism. It seems that the majority of these components can be traced and studied in Rumi's Masnavi. Rumi has presented the stages of human perfection based on specific methods for achieving divine knowledge and has explained this mystical path and behavior. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt is made to answer the question, based on the descriptive-analytical method, what is the most prominent component of practical mysticism in Rumi's Masnavi? The results show that the conditions of practical mysticism and its instructions are among the most prominent of these components in Masnavi. Therefore, from Rumi's point of view, although the mystic must resort to the tools of love during the course of his journey; But this love is a means to an end for mysticism. Also, in Rumi's practical mysticism, the behavior of the people of knowledge will not end without the guidance and arrest of the old man who has gone this way.

One of the necessities of Quranic research is the systematic discovery of the socio-political and economic implications of the Quran and their application in Islamic political thought and practice. Contrary to the view that the verses of the Qur'an are seen as scattered and unbalanced lines, according to the new discoveries of contemporary Qur'anic scholars, the verses of each surah have a single purpose and a geometric order governs the structure of the suras. Each surah of the Holy Quran has its own structure and structure that has been built with precision, elegance and strength, and the way the verses are arranged in each surah has a reason and wisdom that is to fulfill a purpose in that surah. The remaining surah, which is also called contracts and critics, is the fifth surah of the Holy Quran in its current order. This surah has 120 verses, two thousand eight hundred and four (2806) words and eleven thousand seven hundred and thirty three (11733) letters and except for the third verse which was revealed in the farewell pilgrimage, the rest of the verses were revealed in Medina. The purpose of this research is the pathology of civil society based on Surah Ma'idah. This surah contains a series of religious rules and duties and a set of doctrinal and moral teachings.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the judiciary in Iran has experienced changes. Compiled pathology and judicial transformation document. The Supreme Leader considers a strong economy as a prerequisite for the soundness of an economic system. How is the fight against corruption looking to the future? The method is done as a historical research process, and by reading books, articles, laws. The results show that by intelligently utilizing future research knowledge provides the opportunity to consciously predict the changing waves of crime and corruption, then scenarios and methods can be drawn to prevent and fight crime and corruption that may have many victims. Future research creates this capability. Before crime and corruption occur, the judiciary can anticipate it sooner by upgrading its capabilities and using new technology and facilities, and take the necessary action to combat or prevent it, so as not to be surprised .

The purpose of this study is to "present a mobile marketing model with regard to the approach of customer expected value through customer journey." we identified the components and indices of the mobile marketing model. The study population in the qualitative part includes marketing experts and university professors and in the quantitative part includes marketing managers and senior managers. The sample size in the qualitative part of study was 10 of experts in the field of marketing management and in the quantitative section, due to the infinite statistical population, 384 marketing managers were selected according to Morgan table. a semi-structured interview in the qualitative section and a questionnaire in the quantitative section were used which its content validity confirmed by experts and Delphi method. Construct validity is confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis in SmartPLS software. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, MAXQDA software and in the quantitative part, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used for normal testing and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling tests were used to confirm the components and model presentation in SmartPLS software. The results showed that Gamification and advertising have a significant effect on consumer behavior, social media and expected value. The results of the model also showed that the components of consumer behavior, social media and expected value due to the quality of customer journey from beginning to the end can affect the promotion and expansion of m

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and factors affecting the unfulfilled childbearing intentions of women living in Tehran. The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included women aged 30-44 married in Tehran in 1400, of which 400 were selected as a sample using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings show that most people consider the ideal number of children in a family to be two. The results of bivariate analysis showed that between unfulfilled intentions of women having children and respondents age, age at first marriage, age difference between couples, duration of marriage, number of children, religious affiliation, attitude towards child value, social network norms, individualism and control Perceived behavior has a significant relationship. The results of multivariate regression also showed that in the final model, the variables of women's attitude towards child value and women's religious adherence have a direct and positive effect, and significant and the number of female children variables, women's attitude towards social network norm regarding Increased childbearing and individualism have a direct and negative negative effect on women's unapproved intentions. Perceived control variables of women's behavior, age, age of marriage, duration of marriage, age difference of couples indirectly affect women's unfulfilled / fulfilled intentions by having an effect on other variables.

The aim of this study was Validation of organizational cohesion model with organizational justice approach. The research method is a descriptive correlation in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the present study includes all employees of the Organization for Research and Educational Planning, which was selected by simple random method and Cochran's formula of 187 people as a research sample. The researcher-made questionnaire on organizational learning, organizational behavior, quality of work life, organizational cohesion and organizational justice were used to collect research data. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated by content validity method and the reliability of these tools was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient method and it was found that the whole questionnaire had a reliability of 0.89 and the questionnaires were in terms of validity and reliability. Data were described by descriptive statistics (mean central indices and scatter indices of standard deviation) and inferential statistics of path analysis (multivariate regression) and analyzed by SPSS and lisrel software. Results of research Indicator that Four dimensions of organizational learning, organizational behavior, quality of work life, organizational justice have a positive and significant effect on organizational cohesion.