نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 67 (تابستان 1401)

Passive urban defense is considered a mechanism (strategy) of preparation in emergency situations or a deterrence strategy in the face of man-made, natural, and technological hazards. Non-active defense is considered one of the integral principles of war, so in today’s world, many countries that is famous in the field of military technology, in parallel with the advancement of research and production of intelligent and advanced military systems, paying special attention to non-active defense measures. Residents of cities are exposed to many possible risks and the first instinctive action after the occurrence of a risk (crisis) is to move away from the area of the risk effect. In a situation where many people decide to move away from the dangerous place at the same time, crowding becomes the main challenge. Emergency evacuation of people rescued from disasters located in the affected area is one of the general strategies and main activities in crisis management caused by unexpected events. In many dangerous incidents, the best option is to move the affected population to safe areas. In fact, evacuation and emergency accommodation are one of the main steps in facing all kinds of man-made and natural crises. Considering the strategic role of the Islamic Republic in the region and the political-geopolitical position of the metropolis of Isfahan, and according to the importance of improving the level of safety and security, as well as in the direction of communicating the general policies of the system in the field of passive defense and the need to implement this policy in all areas, it seems that the role of The development and guidance of cities is very significant from this point of view. Choosing the optimal place for the emergency or temporary settlement of populations affected by crisis is one of the issues that is always the concern of organizations responsible for crisis management. Being located near two very important nuclear centers within a radius of 10 and 100 kilometers, the city of Isfahan can be the main target of military attacks as well as terrorist attacks for several political reasons. At this point, when most of the focus is on urban terrorist attacks and there is a very high probability of such attacks in Isfahan city, it seems that addressing the issue of locating temporary accommodation and emergency evacuation to these centers after the attack can as one of the main categories related to passive defense. The main goal of the research is to provide a model for emergency evacuation routing and locating temporary accommodation spaces in order to meet the basic needs of accident survivors. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and applied research in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the goals of the research, it has been done by using spatial data and performing relevant analysis in the geographic information system and the multi-criteria decision-making model of AHP, VIKOR. In the next step, network analysis was used in GIS 10.8 Arc software to determine the optimal emergency evacuation route and to identify the nearest emergency accommodation centers. The statistical population of this research is experts in the urban area of Isfahan, and the sample size is 60 experts through theoretical saturation. The sampling method is snowball sampling. The results show that among the criteria affecting the location of temporary accommodation, the slope of the land with a score of 0.097 is the most important and criterion of access to welfare service complexes with a score of 0.021 is the least important criterion, according to experts. Also, based on the investigations of the lands in the northeastern part (the lands between Rahmatabad and Kameshche), a 30-kilometer boundary is suitable for temporary accommodation, and in the next step, optimal routes for emergency evacuation were presented to these centers

Good urban governance is one of the aspects of urban management that has received a lot of attention in recent years in Western countries and societies. Governance is a process based on the interaction between government organizations, civil society and the private sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of urban management in the metropolis of Shiraz on the implementation of good urban governance. This research is a survey type with a descriptive-analytical approach that research data were collected in the form of library studies and documents as well as field surveys and using a questionnaire. SPSS software and one-sample t-test as well as multivariate regression model were used to analyze the data and measure the relationships between the indicators. The results of the research indicate that urban management in Shiraz is not in a favorable situation in terms of indicators of good urban governance, And the most preferred indicator on good urban governance in Shiraz Urban Management Organization is the regression index with regression coefficient (0.784). Other indicators in order of priority are: participation (0.769), consensus (0.747), effectiveness and efficiency (0.697), responsibility and accountability (0.639), transparency (0.613), strategic insight (0.535), receptivity And respondent (0.533).so solutions such as: consulting citizens in the process and implementation of urban development plans; Informing citizens about urban development and welfare work and citizens' access to urban information and transparency about responsibilities, oversight, contracts and tenders; Has been presented in order to achieve good urban governance in Shiraz.

organizational environment and atmosphere is one of the most important issues for any organization, and that attention, and importance to it can bring many benefits to any organization. The purpose of this study was first to identify and then design a communication model between the factors affecting the reduction of the toxic organizational climate in Yazd Municipality. The statistical population of the study consists of managers and employees of Yazd Municipality. Data collection tools in this study; In order to complete the pairwise comparison questionnaire between the identified factors and present the conceptual model of the research using an interpretive structural modeling approach, 9 managers of Yazd Municipality were selected as a sample using the snowball sampling method. . Then, in order to fit the obtained model, the structural equation modeling approach and Smart PLS3 software were used. The research results indicate that the 7 main dimensions of the research are located in 5 general levels. Also, according to the research findings, the factors of organizational culture and leadership as one of the main dimensions in the initial level of the communication model have a toxic organizational climate reduction. From the results of the present study, city managers can use it as a beacon to achieve the path of reducing the toxic atmosphere in their organization.

The necessity of urban intervention to increase citizens' satisfaction with living in that city based on human-centered urban development approaches leads us to the conclusion that the priority of planning should be in such a way that the most important factor influencing satisfaction is meeting the needs It should be taken into consideration, and in the meantime, taking into account that the issue of providing a sense of justice and justice-centeredness and the realization of different dimensions of justice in the urban environment is a matter that is recommended by various schools, including the instructions of the Islamic religion. It can be considered as a planning field, so justice has a meaning in all areas of human collective life, and to reach the desired ideal city, one must have a justice-centered view. Therefore, one of the characteristics of a desirable city is that justice in all affairs and its structure is continuous and ongoing so that justice-oriented policies can be fruitful under the plans of re-urbanization to achieve the prospects of sustainable development. Regeneration does not mean The emergence of a new generation also entails a redefinition of the nature of Islamic Iranian urbanization; The purpose of re-creation is the reuse of this body using the principles of Islamic Iranian urban planning and the application of justice in the concept of new urban development. The research method of this research is carried out with a qualitative approach, emphasizing the theoretical foundations of new urban planning and Islamic urban planning in Iran. The strategy of this research is a combination of case study and fundamental theorizing; Because, on the one hand, the main question of the research is based on how to realize this approach in Iranian cities, and on the other hand, its purpose is not to test a theory and therefore prove or disprove the hypothesis, but it seeks to develop two theories with an emphasis on their common background. The research is based on the expert panel method and the five-point Likert scale has been used. The objectives of the research are in three steps, the principles and components of Iranian Islamic urban planning, the footprint of justice and justice-oriented urban planning in these principles and components, and principles And the calculated indicators of the contextual analysis were analyzed in the context of research around the shrine of Hazrat Abdul Azim (AS). Finally, their weight and importance coefficient were obtained using McGrahan's method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, alpha equal to 0.831. The principle of justice, with a weight of 0.272, has the most weight in realizing the principles of re-creation of Iranian-Islamic urbanism based on justice-oriented urban planning, the principle of hierarchy, with 0.175, is the second priority, and the principle of unity and spatial diversity and the principle of continuity. Space with weights equal to 0.157 and 0.155 is the next priority.

This research deals with "explaining the obstacles to the realization of the coordinated urban management system in the metropolis of Mashhad and measuring the weight and effectiveness of each obstacle in the realization of the above-mentioned system" which has emerged under the multiplicity and divergence of actors and in the absence of a qualified institutional framework for planning and policy making. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of research framework with the Delphi method and in the form of unstructured interviews, the opinions of 38 managers and urban management experts were received and analyzed, Then the data obtained using ANOVA test in SPSS software as well as the method of cross-effects analysis as one of the forecasting techniques using MIC MAC software have been reviewed and evaluated. The results of this research show that "obstacles related to laws and programs" affected by the major issues and problems of the country's planning and executive system, as the most key factor, have played a prominent role in preventing the realization of the coordinated metropolitan management of Mashhad And it has caused the nature of the vertical and departmental planning and administrative-executive system and the lack of necessary horizontal mechanisms and relationships to become the main obstacle to the realization of the coordinated management system of this metropolis.

If we define architecture as a human-centered response to create different levels of comfort that can be examined at three levels: physical, functional and psychological; thermal comfort is an important response that is both an important physiological condition and a "mental condition" that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. " Therefore, both physiological and psychological aspects of the concept of thermal comfort can be examined. Most early research in this field has focused solely on physiological calculations of thermal comfort and generally ignores the fact that "People are not inactive in environmental conditions.", Is related to the issue of adaptation and includes qualitative processes that human beings perform to adapt and adapt to the environment and their needs and can make the thermal range of their environment acceptable. Therefore, adaptation opportunities can be distinguished into three categories: physiological, psychological and behavioral. In this article, human-centered components such as experience, expectations, perceived control of the environment, etc. in the category of psychological adaptation that leads to differences in calculations Quantitative thermal comfort is checked. The research method in this article is a case study and a field study in which by analyzing adaptation opportunities in thermal comfort, by completing 100 questionnaires, to evaluate the existing capacities in the psychological aspects of clients referred to Naghsh Jahan Square in Isfahan in different winter time periods. Paid. The result of this study shows that the architectural response to thermal comfort pays attention to qualitative and human-centered approaches and the adaptation factor plays a significant role in redefining the range of thermal comfort and defining an acceptable human environment and does not necessarily comply with the limits of international standards.