مجله شهرسازی ایران
پیاپی 9 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Land in cities has always been the most important element in the development of the city and as a source of power, the subject of many debates and disputes. In Iran, the increase in demand for land and urban housing in recent decades has led to a sharp rise in prices and uneven expansion of cities. Governments have always sought to control the land and urban housing market through legal, financial, and direct action, using policies that affect supply and demand. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research. The main purpose of this article is to explain the role of urban land policies on housing management (price, supply, etc.) in the country. The results of the research show that by explaining the policies that have been implemented by governments in the field of land and housing since the past, they called for an immediate reform of the housing policymaker's view of this sector. This article aims to address the pathology of policies implemented by governments in the land and urban housing market over the past 50 years and to answer the question of why none of these policies actually led to a favorable response in the real estate market. The optimal policy for the housing market was presented. Urban land policies in Iran have always experienced a dual situation and contradictory policies. The wrong view of the housing policymaker on this sector and the policy area of supply and demand of housing units only through the provision of financial facilities, which ultimately leads to the definition of incorrect and inefficient policies and missions and the persistence of problems in this sector, is the main evidence. More than a decade has passed since the feeling of the need to change the policies of the land sector, and trading in the land sector has had a significant impact on both the national economy and the housing sector. Over the past half century, housing policymakers have reduced government policies in this area to housing, while the housing market should be considered from the perspective of the city and urban development, and not in the context of housing to be spent on policy and management. . For the next decade, land and housing policies must be planned with the right approach, and this requires changing the government's view of this area and not repeating the wrong and inefficient policies of the past.

With the passage of time and social, economic and cultural changes in societies and the subsequent physical changes in cities, the physical body of cities has undergone many changes. during these changes, the primitive center of cities, as a historical wealth of human habitation in the past, has been neglected. The historical core of cities has valuable elements and spaces that, despite the sudden and inappropriate changes and developments of today's cities, have been formed slowly over time and according to human needs. The city of Sanandaj is no exception to this rule and, like other cities, has undergone changes and inattention to the historical context. The main purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of creating a meaningful relationship between historical monuments in the city's historic districts for pedestrianization and tourism within this area. The main question of the research is whether this is possible and how this connection can beestablished. The present research is in terms of applied-developmental purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method, the information of which has been collected through field surveys, library and documentary studies, etc. According to the studies, it can be said that the the historic urban quarters of Sanandaj city has the necessary potentials to create a pedestrian tourism network between its historical buildings through the existing network of passages. In this research, among the passages in this area, the most suitable routes and entrances of Baft have been identified to achieve the goals of the project, and then by defining various local projects, an attempt has been made to present a coherent plan for this area. Considering the pedestrian approach in the research, passages in both urban and local scales in three categories of sidewalks, paved passages and intra-local pedestrian tourism passages have been proposed.

The destructive and widespread effects of the construction industry on the environment have led to the failure to achieve the goals of sustainable development, and this has led to the destruction of ecosystems and biodiversity on Earth. Therefore, the need to change the approach in the construction industry from traditional design to the design of sustainable buildings is felt more than ever. For this reason, most developed countries have developed their own green building appraisal system. Today, the design of green and sustainable buildings with building information modeling technology (BIM) and LEED rating system is very useful and widely used during the life cycle of the building. In this study, energy and thermal comfort analysis of two conventional and green construction projects were using Revit software and Insight 360 plugin for energy analysis and also Tcic native software for analysis of Algi bioclimatic diagram. analyzing the results in both buildings, shows that that in the green building, by creating depressions in the perimeter of the building and designing canopies over a period of one year, in the direction of sunlight, these surfaces refract in sunlight. Prevents maximum penetration of solar energy into the building, leads to energy savings by reducing the use of heating and cooling devices. In a typical building without a canopy on the facade of the building with windows with high heat capacity, it may be annoying for residents in the hot seasons; In such a way that it is necessary to use the high capacities of these refrigeration devices for indoor air conditioning. Finally, using the LEED rating system, both buildings were scored, giving the green and ordinary buildings a total score of 43 and 16, respectively, and finally the Green Building (Viva Yucc) was able to obtain the US Green Building Certification.

Due to the rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades, especially in big cities, many citizens live in residential complexes. Considering the importance of the living environment in residence in personal peace and human personality development, these residential complexes must have favorable and suitable conditions for living in order to satisfy the residents. The upcoming research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the quality factors of residential complexes affecting the satisfaction of the residents. In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and using library sources, statistical tests in SPSS software were used to analyze the results. The one-sample T-test was used to measure the level of satisfaction with living in Ahvaz oil settlement and multiple linear regression was used to investigate the influencing factors. Based on the results obtained, the furniture of the open and green spaces of the complex, the existence of suitable sports and recreation space, as well as the sensory richness of the residential environment, have been among the most important indicators affecting the satisfaction of the residents.

In the contemporary century, the subject of the relationship between man and the environment and its ability to be translated into the language of environmental design and architecture, has been considered by researchers in this field. In this regard, knowing the characteristics of man and his living environment and how to establish a relationship between these two factors has always been important. One of the problems of engineers is wasting time in not establishing a quick relationship between the designer and the employer for construction. Creating the conditions that can create a suitable environment for communication between the designer and the employer is one of the influential factors for creating a contract.A place that is of interest to the parties to the contract and can create the necessary environmental conditions to improve the sense of belonging to the place in people is one of the important factors in creating favorable conditions for the contract.Space, place and time are very effective in human communication with each other. People have their own behavioral characteristics that differ from other people according to their age, occupation and the group in which they belong.In this study, which was conducted in the university and engineering system of Ilam city, the issue of place to achieve a suitable condition and its impact on people has been studied and part of the studies shows that with increasing presence in the environment, the process of facial recollection Which results in an increase in attachment to that place.This article doubles the relationship between environmental psychology and human behavior, as well as the amount of proof, because you have to consider if you have to relate your psychology to place, time, technology, as well as people's mental and social freedom.

The marginal and dilapidated tissues of the cities are often deprived of social, economic and physical urban facilities, and the lack of dynamism and economic prosperity in them, in addition to the physical effects, leads to functional decline and growth areas for cultural problems. Will have. Urban acupuncture is a new method in urban planning science, in which by opening blockages in urban arteries or by applying a factor that stimulates development, it returns the life force to that city. This type of intervention can be done by surgery of a dense, immobile urban fabric, or by applying an incentive project in less developed or abandoned urban areas to revive that area. In this research, he investigated the impact of acupuncture in the form of a commercial project in the less developed neighborhood of the southern side of Shiraz city and the effects that this project had on the surrounding neighborhoods and caused the physical and spatial growth and prosperity of the neighboring locations in a period of time. 20 years old was depicted. The evaluation done after the implementation of the project in the form of SWOT model indicates that the project implemented as the center of the neighborhood as the most important strength, the low share of professional experts among the residents of the area as the most important weakness, the stabilization of the adjacent lands The complex with commercial-banking zone S211 was evaluated in the detailed revision plan of Shiraz city as the best opportunity to strengthen the nearby neighborhoods, as well as the uncertainty of large parts of the region due to the low policy of the land use system in the detailed plan as the most important threat.

The concept is one of the fundamental categories of architecture, which has a high meaningfulness capacity, and throughout the history of architecture, it has been a context for presenting, framing and approaching the properties and demands of architecture. After the era of modernism, when we witnessed the creation of new technologies and the production of various data in the sciences related to (theoretical foundations of) architecture, numerous studies and theories and different approaches to the concept of architecture were formed.These developments have created the need to pay attention and simultaneously use the achievements of different sciences to achieve the goal of sustainable human life. It has become a common topic for various fields such as construction. In the meantime, the problem of synchronizing opinion with action, for the growth and application of all effective aspects of architecture, simultaneously and synergistically, has been faced by architects. The necessity of such research is derived from this point, that architecture should be defined as a "comprehensive concept" including all categories in relation to each other;Accordingly, the neglect of rethinking about the concept of architecture in the contemporary era creates the doubt that conceptual architecture in the present era has the ability to solve these conflicts in the fields involved in architecture or not?. The general approach in this case is a systematic perception of these factors. In the conclusion, an effort has been made to provide a mechanism that can reach a comprehensive understanding of conceptual architecture. The important application of this research will be in the formation of a correct and multifaceted understanding of the nature of architecture in the framework of conceptual architecture.

Worn texture is one of the biggest problems of the country today. On the one hand, the possibility of more social damage in dilapidated structures and the issue of unexpected incidents and lack of service on the other hand, as well as the need to change the face of the city to freshness and dynamism, are among the problems of dilapidated structures. Therefore, the need to restore and improve these areas is evident. The city of Semnan, due to its social, historical and cultural history, has a large part in worn-out fabric. One of the big challenges of cities today is to modernize them, which should not create a problem in the historical boundaries of cities. According to the special conditions of these areas, knowing and observing legal points is one of the things that we will face in different conditions of this area. In this article, we will mention some legal problems and solutions in the context of the worn-out and historical context of Semnan city.

In addition to economic and environmental problems, the increasing migration of people from small towns and villages to large cities has led to the formation of different ethnic and social groups in urban communities. While such multiculturalism often adds to the complexity of cities, recognizing its potentials can be a step towards the development of efficient urban spaces. Individuals with different backgrounds perceive urban spaces differently and this is an important consideration in urban design and planning. Urban designers must recognize the perceptual differences of citizens and accordingly design urban spaces with this knowledge if cities are to be dynamic and have an identity. The aim of this study was to understand how the citizens of the multicultural city of Karaj understand and connect with the city’s urban landscapes. To this end, the landscape of Azimiyeh Mountain, known as Baam-e Karaj (literally roof of Karaj), was selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was designed based on the indicators identified in the literature and was then distributed among the citizens of Karaj City. The acquired data about perceptual differences were analyzed by the ANOVA method using SPSS software. The findings show that the origin, birthplace, duration of residence, and education of citizens are very influential in how they perceive urban landscapes. The reasons for this difference between citizens with different backgrounds include different mental images, memories, awareness, concerns, expectations, and degrees of familiarity.

By their very nature, modern cities face a large of number of complex and intertwined challenges. For instance, the rapid growth of cities is not proportional to the development capacity of urban infrastructure and exerts increasing and excessive pressure on it with dire consequences. The old governance institutions and management practices are often at variance with the complex and rapidly changing world of information societies. These problems can only be resolved through a systematic approach. Development of smart cities is a new concept that combines physical and virtual elements to address the current urban planning challenges faced by cities. This study aims to explore the feasibility of adopting smart city policies to improve the environmental quality of urban neighborhoods. To this end, methods of incorporating the concept of smart city in the improvement of urban neighborhoods were explored after a review of theories, approaches, and global experiences. Then, an SEM chart was developed to design the questionnaire, and 12 Level II indicators and 16 Level III indicators were developed. Subsequently, the questionnaire survey method was used to collect data from the study sample (200 questionnaires). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and hierarchical regression and the results were presented as recommendations.

With the rapid increase of urban population all over the world, cities are facing various dangers, worries and problems. Smart cities claim to offer an effective model, with opportunities for creativity and innovation, high quality of life and low impact on the environment. Tehran Book Garden, with its extensive facilities, hosts many visitors every day on an urban and suburban scale. Therefore, a comprehensive planning with a new approach is vital for more prudent decision-making in this important urban space. The current research, with the approach of making smart, tries to provide measures to make the book garden of Tehran in the cultural-tourism area of Abbas Abad, through the method of quantitative strategic planning (QSPM), which brings a favorable urban space for the citizens, and also with The principles of sustainable development are also harmonized. According to the mentioned goal, the main question for the research is what the strategies of Tehran Book Garden include and how they are prioritized. Also, during the research, the international criteria and indicators of the smart city are also discussed. This research is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and as a survey research in terms of method, and several interviews were conducted with competent experts to complete the used matrices. The results of the research indicate the determination of six separate strategies in making the book garden more intelligent. These strategies include the development of comprehensive tourism and welfare systems, increasing diverse and smart transportation methods, smart parking program, increasing the use of information and guide programs, increasing outdoor welfare services and developing cooperative and exchange systems. The first two items with the highest attractiveness (influence) points in the research objective (intelligence of Tehran's Book Garden), respectively equal to 4.569 and 3.511, were determined as the first priority of intelligentization strategies in this collection.

The main formative elements in cities are the road network and urban users, and these elements actually respond to the social needs of humans and are very important. Residents of cities have equal rights to use urban public spaces, therefore organizing suitable and desirable spaces for all age and gender groups and especially vulnerable groups (such as the disabled, the elderly, etc.) are considered part of the tasks of urban development programs. Adaptation of roads and urban users for the physically disabled is one of the justice-oriented approaches in contemporary planning. Despite this, many urban public areas such as roads, urban users in most cities of Iran, such as Kerman, have the problem of being unsuitable for the use of disabled people. The purpose of this research is strategic planning of organizing the tissue adjacent to Kerman market with the focus on responding to the needs of the disabled. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of collecting information is based on library studies and documents such as the use of books, articles, the Internet, as well as field studies using the survey method of direct observation, interviews, photography, etc. In this research, SWOT tools and techniques have been used to analyze the collected data. Finally, by presenting the proposed strategies and solutions, we have achieved two land use maps and a proposed road network, the context of the Kerman bazaar, focusing on responding to the needs of the disabled.