فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Political Science
Volume:12 Issue: 2, Mar-Apr 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/09/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 13
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  • Peu Ghosh, Akshat Mehta Pages 1-17

    Over the past four decades, the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has always been influenced by the games and deals of great powers, including Russia and the United States. Iran's geopolitical position and access to energy resources; Internal and identity-building historical developments, including a long-standing enmity with the United States; The structural pressure of the international system and the developments related to the Islamic Awakening and the Arab Spring and the development of the axis of resistance in West Asian countries. All of the above are fundamental components that give Iran a distinct and prominent role in the Russian-American rivalry. The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the key government actors in the West Asian region; Despite forty years of striving for independence and easing international pressures, the conventional interpretation of foreign policy has always been influenced by extra-systemic and intrasystemic currents such as US-Russian interactions. The purpose of the research is the regional role of Iran and the competition between Russia and the United States in West Asia, and the main question is what is the regional role of Iran and the competition of Russia and the United States in West Asia? And the hypothesis is that Iran has played a multiple role in the political, militarysecurity, economic-energy, and geographical spheres in the rivalries and relations between the two great powers, Russia and the United States, over the past two decades from 2000 to 2020 in West Asia. This research will be done using combined methods including descriptive, analytical and statistical methods based on communication and exchange theories. In fact, the author tries to use these theories to formulate a specific model to test the main hypothesis. Then, using the specialized texts available in relation to the three variables "Iran's regional position", "Belt-Road Initiative" and "South Asian convergence" in libraries, scientific and research quarterly; As well as internet texts and data and interviews with several experts in the field of foreign policy and communications and transportation in Iran to analyze the relationship between these variables.

    Keywords: Indo-Pacific, QUAD, AUKUS, Security interests, Plurilateralism
  • MohammadReza Tayarani Sharbaf, Jalal Derakhsheh, Seyed Abdolamir Nabavi, Fakhreddin Soltani Pages 19-35

    The rise of Israel in the Middle East has created a complex situation in terms of regional security. Israel, like other actors in the international system, has to complete the state-nation-building process. This issue is one of the challenges that the Zionist regime has always faced. This regime has based its existence on a special and complex identity that at first glance, this special identity can be considered a strong point for the survival and formation of a society; But the specific characteristics of this identity based on race and its lack of demographic diversity have created challenges for this regime. The Islamic Republic of Iran, both as a country in the Middle East and because of its inherent and inherent conflict, has always been exposed to the security and economic threats of this regime. Threats that are inherent in the Israeli nation-state-building process. This study is a detailed and explanatory study of the identity and interests of the Zionist regime, which is the basis and shape of the state-nation-building process, and as a result, its behaviors and actions in the international arena, especially in the West Asian region. And will ultimately answer the fundamental question of what effects the Israeli nation-state-building process has on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

    Keywords: State-nation building, Identity, Benefit, Israel, National Security, IslamicRepublic of Iran
  • Farzaneh Rahmati, Mohammadreza Dehshiri, Garineh keshishyan Siraki Pages 37-49

    In examining the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union, on the one hand, the identity gaps and the conflict between Islamic ideology and Western secular-liberal ideology created faults in the relations between these two actors; On the other hand, cultural and civilizational affinity, common interests and international treaties of the European Union and the United States of America have led to US influence in the performance of EU foreign policy towards Iran and has caused divergence in relations between Iran and the European Union. In this article, the researcher seeks to examine the role of the United States of America on identity conflicts in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union? Accordingly, the findings of the study indicate that; The identity of the European Union based on the secularliberal attitude of the West and the Islamic Republic of Iran based on political Islam in conflict with each other has led to distrust between the parties in solving global problems and different views on various issues; On the other hand, the US approach introduces various issues in IranEurope relations as a kind of threat against Europe. On this basis, in the framework of Waltz's theory of realism and the analysis of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse, it is possible to understand the role of identity and the influence of the international system structure on the divergence of these two important international actors. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting materials is through books, articles and valid internet documents.

    Keywords: Structure of international system, Identity, Islamic Republic of Iran, EU, Conflict
  • Saeid Khosravi, Zahra Emami Pages 51-65

    The present article is written using a descriptive-analytical method, the data having been compiled using library resources, and it tries to explain the foreign policy of the Obama and Trump administrations. This study seeks to answer the question that how the Obama and Trump administrations' foreign policy approaches differed. Therefore, it first considers and compares the discourse and orientation of US foreign policy during the presidencies of Obama and Trump, and then goes on to examine the case-by-case policies of each US president towards NATO, terrorism, East Asia, Iran‟s and North Korea‟s nuclear program, as well as world trade. Finally, the research findings show that the policies of Obama and Trump are fundamentally different because the announced and applied policies of the Obama administration have emphasized a multilateralist approach and the issue of security, while the Trump administration has adopted a unilateral approach with the slogan "America First" and has put an emphasis on the economy in its foreign policy agenda.

    Keywords: Structure of international system, Identity, Islamic Republic of Iran, EU, Conflict
  • Ali Ehterami, Aliasghar Ghasemi, Reza Simbar, Hamid Ebadollahi Pages 67-86

    The Talesh people have a much smaller population compared to other Iranian ethnic groups, but due to the geographical, geopolitical and religious characteristics of the western region of Gilan province, the threats of political ethnicity in this ethnic group should not be ignored. Studies show that in studies focused on ethnicity in Iran, research on the Talesh people has not been seriously considered by r esearchers, so the main purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of political ethnicity among the Talesh people and evaluate the factors affecting it. This research has been done by survey method and has collected data using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is 480 people aged 15 years and older in Rezvanshahr, Masal, Soomehsara, Fooman, Hashtpar, Asalem, Astara and Lundil. The results of the research show that the respondents have a high level of political ethnicity. Also, the examination of hypotheses showed that out of the five contextual variables studied (religion, dialect, education, age and place of birth and upbringing), only two variables of religion and dialect were related to political ethnicity.

    Keywords: Iran, Political ethnicity, Religion, Dialect, Ethnicity
  • Anoosheh Darbandi, AliAkbar Amini, Hamed Ameri Golestani, Hamed Mohagheghnia Pages 87-101

    After the revolution, intellectualism in Iran underwent transformations, which can be considered as a result of attention to European schools of thought. Two schools of analytical and continental philosophy, with their two main thinkers namely Heidegger and Popper, were noticed by Iranian intellectuals. In the meantime, Reza Davari, as a Heidegger-leaning philosopher, and Abdol Karim Soroush, a Popper-leaning philosopher, influenced the intellectual atmosphere of Iran by presenting their opinions. In this article, we intend to compare the philosophical and political components of these two thinkers with regard to these two philosophical schools. Since the foundations of these two philosophies have fundamental differences, the question arises, how was the reflection of the difference in the philosophical components of Soroush's and Davari's opinions in their political opinions? The main results of this research are that Soroush's political opinions with religious interests and influenced by Islamic thought, relying on Popper's philosophy of science, logical and epistemological precisions of analytical philosophy and conscious liberalism, were in pursuit of compatibility with modernity and compatibility of religion with modernity. On the other hand, the political opinions of Davari, again with religious and identity interests, but under the influence of Heidegger and continental philosophy, defend philosophy and oppose rationalism and scientism, apply anti-intellectual presuppositions about society, politics, religion, science, as well as anti-Westernism and stance. religious against modern subjectivity. The judgment showed that the meaning of development cannot be equated with the sudden arrival of modernity and welfare technology in advanced societies. Therefore, his discourse can be seen as the foundation for the emergence of new discourses.

    Keywords: Iran, Political ethnicity, Religion, Dialect, Ethnicity
  • Shakiba Sadat Hashemian, Saeed Gazerani, AliAsghar Davoudi Pages 103-115

    In recent decades, discussion about discrimination and gender inequality against women has become a common discourse in the world, because women have always faced restrictions caused by discrimination, gender inequality, and lack of equal access to opportunities, facilities and sources of power. In Iran, we not only have not witnessed the will to eliminate this discrimination, but even the country's education system, planned in line with the system's basic goals, has added to these problems. Besides, textbooks as the main source of knowledge can influence children's attitudes towards gender roles and shape their attitudes and behavior in adulthood. In this regard, the question is how the content of textbooks, as the main source of formal education in Iran, affects the acceptance of dominance relations and gender discrimination of women, from childhood to adulthood? And the hypothesis is that the content of textbooks, by teaching gender stereotypes and creating false consciousness, stabilizes the attitude of submission in female students, and as a result, they accept dominance and gender discrimination until adulthood. The research method is a one-stage mixed qualitative based on the critical theory approach. To collect the data, available scientific sources such as quantitative or qualitative researches, and to analyze the findings while using a critical approach, a qualitative analysis method has been used. Analysis of the research findings, while confirming the hypothesis, shows that the content of textbooks, by establishing the submission attitude in female students, causes them to accept dominance relations and gender discrimination in their adulthood.

    Keywords: Textbooks, Women, Critical Theory, Gender Stereotypes, False Consciousness, Submission
  • Hamid Saeedi Javadi, Mostafa Esmaeilpour Zarmehri Pages 117-135

    Despite the passage of four decades since the Islamic Revolution of Iran and many efforts to expand the productive and economic capacities of the country, in other words, to achieve economic development, the situation of the country's economy is still in unfavorable conditions. Such a situation has occurred at a time when Turkey, despite its religious, cultural and historical similarities with Iran, has taken effective steps towards economic development in the last decade Analysis of the performance of governments shows that the quality of their intervention in economic processes is a key element in achieving economic development. The present study using concept components of Developmental state based on Leftwich idea tries to show that due to lack of proper institutional context in social and political atmosphere of Iran, the presence of such government is not possible and consequently economic Development has not been achieved.

    Keywords: Economic development, Developmental state, Iran’s government, Leftwich
  • Morteza Mohammadzadeh, Abdolreza Baghi, Morteza Abazari Pages 137-149

    Imam Khomeini's political decisions, which were rooted in his philosophical, theological and jurisprudential foundations, were an attempt to solve the problems of human societies, especially Islamic societies and Iranian society. The purpose of this research is to examine Imam Khomeini's decisions before and after the Islamic Revolution; And finding an answer to the question of what effect did the socio-political developments of the last century in Iran have on Imam Khomeini's political decisions before and after the Islamic Revolution? According to the research, it can be concluded that Imam Khomeini's political decisions have changed according to social political developments. In the first stage and before the exile, most of his political decisions were related to the role of jurists in the Islamic government and the idea of Velayat-e Faqih, and therefore most of his decisions were made on this basis. In the second stage, his decisions emphasized the role of the people in the Islamic government. And in the third phase of his leadership, most of the decisions were based on expediency and according to the rule of maintaining the system. And it must be said that these decisions were compatible with each other. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method and using the theoretical framework of Thomas Spragens model, an attempt has been made to compare the influence of social political developments of the last century in Iran on the political decisions of Imam Khomeini before and after the Islamic revolution.

    Keywords: Velayat-e Faqih, People, Expediency, Imam Khomeini, Revolution
  • Azam Sartibi, Mohammad Tohidfam, Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani, AliAkbar Amini Pages 151-168

    Achieving human development and good governance through appropriate functions between various institutions of society is one of the main criteria for measuring the prosperity and development of countries in recent decades and can meet the needs of citizens in a society. The current research with descriptive-analytical-comparative method and within the framework of the theory of "new institutionalism" and "ideal governance" seeks to answer this main question; that "what is the optimal governance position in Iran in 2000- 2010 from the perspective of human development indicators?" Based on the surveys by using reliable sources such as books and researches and reliable websites and by calculating the average indicators of optimal governance from the perspective of human development indicators in the two areas of "efficiency" and "social welfare", which include efficiency and effectiveness, unemployment rate, gross national product, life expectancy, health, education and gender equality in the governments of Khatami and Ahmadinejad. And also, by presenting charts and comparing these indicators with each other, it was concluded that all the indicators of the hypothesis were ranked higher. But the position of both governments is lower than the average of human development at the global level due to various institutional weaknesses.

    Keywords: Good Governance, Human Development, Social Welfare, Civil Society, Institutionalism
  • Akram Zeini, Seyed Mohammad Dadgaran, Seyed MohammadReza Rasouli Pages 169-182

    The main purpose of this study is to investigate the need to pay attention to public policy in the media can be a powerful alternative to behavioral and structural approaches in the present study and research, which first by comprehensive study of research literature, related factors, and then using the technique The modeling was graded, which is considered to be an active and decisive element in communication events and media consumption, referring to the power of meaningmaking and the audience's resistance to the reformist society. The method in this research is a quantitative and qualitative method (mixed) that in the qualitative section, during interviews with 10 experts and professors in the field of communication and culture, a researcher-made questionnaire, based on the statistical population to 200 people distributed and inferred data from 148 samples were extracted using data futurism method with the result theory approach. On the other hand, in this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was constructed based on the objectives and variables and the lack of other appropriate tools to examine the variables of the present study, and to ensure that the tool is stable, accurate and sensitive. Appropriately enjoyed, its validity and reliability have been evaluated and evaluated. The findings of this study show that the variable of intervening conditions, such as individual and structural factors, have a positive effect on strategies. Strategies also have a positive effect on social, organizational, and individual outcomes. Also, the central category, such as cultural planning in radio and television based on network society, has a positive effect on strategies, and individual and organizational contexts have a positive and direct impact on cultural planning in radio and television based on information society. In addition, it was found that the causal category, such as internal factors, have a positive effect on cultural planning in radio and television based on the information society.

    Keywords: Structure of international system, Identity, Islamic Republic of Iran, EU, Conflict
  • Yousef Fassihi, Amir Soorizadeh, Hamidreza Nazerian Pages 183-210

    One of the most important issues in the field of international relations today is the position of the concept of modern diplomacy in foreign policy, which unfortunately has not been much effort by researchers in this field. New diplomacy as a promoter of national interests and security people's thought. Through various means of communication such as personal communication, radio media libraries, publications and distribute books, publications, emotional images, radio, exhibitions and learn the language of definition Today, modern diplomacy involves a two-way dialogue and no longer fits into monologue patterns such as propaganda, and goes beyond the need for two-way dialogue to achieve national goals. Therefore, the most important purpose of this article is to examine the impact of modern diplomacy on the foreign policy of countries according to constructivist theory. Descriptive research method - Analytica been and Method Total Information gathering From Type Library and Internet.

    Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Modern Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, Structuralism
  • Mahin Niroomand Alankesh, Garineh Keshishyan Siraki, Jahangir Karami Pages 211-231

    With the beginning of the new era after the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the Great Industrial Revolution in the West, the issue of the spread of new western ideas became a complex reality for all societies, including Iran, and there was no escaping this situation. Especially since the 19th century and the wars between Iran and Russia, as the first blow to the intellectual traditions of the Iranian people, the issue of transferring new ideas has become an undeniable reality for us Iranians, and this issue is mainly according to Iran's military needs due to the defeat of the Tsarist army. It was for the first time that Qajar Crown Prince Abbas Mirza came to the conclusion that he could not defend his land without using the tools of the new world and by sending a group headed by his son Khosrow Mirza, he opened the first intellectual interactions with the Western world and Russia. And this first step led to the education of a generation of Iranians who later became the initiators of modernization in Iran, and although they failed in this path, they should be considered serious in every word about the modernization of Iranians. Undoubtedly, the Russian Revolution is considered one of the greatest events in the history of the world in terms of its impact, and countless works have been produced in connection with it, but few works have been published about the influence of Russia in the 19th century on the intellectual atmosphere of Iran. which have been less expressive of this effect. Therefore, the main issue in this research is how and the specific mechanisms of the influence of political ideas on Iranian intellectuals in the late 19th century and early 20th century, a subject that naturally requires intellectual exploration and reflection in its dimensions and angles. It can open the knot of many intellectual and thought problems of Iran at that time.

    Keywords: Thought of populism, Nineteenth, twentieth century Russia, twentieth century of Iran, Transmission of thought