نشریه بحران پژوهی جهان اسلام
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 10، بهار 1397)

AbstractThe topic of government role, special works and a role that this phenomenon has had in the way of guiding human societies towards virtue and prosperity have been considered by Political science thinkers. In this regard, religion and faith can be noticed as the most effective factor on the interpretation of human material life. In the meantime, Islamic revolution of Iran as a revolution that by creating conversation on faithful life tried to aware a wide range of Shiites, Muslims and oppressed people in the world from contemporary material civilization which makes life as a mechanical movement and aimless by propagation of supernatural thoughts; So it has always a different view towards Theoretical Concepts such as ignorance concept in the outside world. The main question of the present study is that; what is the meaning of modern ignorance in the intellectual system of Ayatollah Khamenei? To answer this question, the hypothesis of this study is that Ayatollah Khamenei by emphasis on divine spirituality and monotheism, knows intellectual system governing on modernity and modernism like Arab Society before the advent of Islam "Jahilite" and he believes that modern ignorance has established on the bases of struggle for Survival, violence and frustration. This article deals with the genealogy of concept and instances of ignorance in the thought of Supreme Revolutionary Leader while studying the formulation of the concept of ignorance in the Quran, Hadith and Farabi, Mulla Sadra, Sayyid Qutb and Imam Khomeini tries to explain the effect of this viewpoint on political thought and international positions of Ayatollah Khamenei and at the same time, the equalizer (Antitheus) also describes it in the context or context of his words.

AbstractThe Revolutionist Islamic Seminary is something specially accentuated by the Supreme Leader. His speeches show that Islamic Seminary was the mother and cause of the Revolution; so revolutionism is a thought and this feature cannot be restricted to after the Islamic Revolution period, but in recent years as a result of the significance of Imam Khomeini’s revolution, the revolutionist activities of the Islamic Seminary before the Pahlavi era is neglected. This ignorance can cause the delusion that Islamic Seminary was not Revolutionist before the Revolution and this can lead to the spread of secularism in the Islamic Seminary. The hypothesis here is that revolutionism has always been present in Islamic Seminary long before Imam Khomeini`s revolution. One of the strategies to stand against secularism is emphasizing this feature. In this article, we want to describe and explain revolutionist features in the Islamic Seminary in Qajar era. The theoretical framework is five Revolutionist features explained in His speeches: 1. Obeying Islam and the revolution`s basic values (pure Islam, depending on Allah`s power, protecting people, helping the underprivileged people, fighting the arrogance and independence). 2. Aiming the goals of the revolution and moving toward them (resistance and not being hopeless). 3. Believing the independence of the country in three aspects of political, economic and cultural. 4. Sensitivity against the enemy and its plans and not following it. 5. religious and political piety. So using this features with an analytical and historical approach we consider the Islamic Seminary`s performance (first grade theologists) in Qajar era and we try to explain these features in their behaviors

Abstract The events of 19th century in Iran brought many discussions into the country's political arena and new literature on Iranian land policy developed by intellectuals, tourists and transformative thinkers from which the most important and prominent has been little efforts to establish law and order in the country. The legal idea of one hand, is influenced by bad situation of Iran in the nineteenth century, and is created through Iran's analogy with the foreign countries in the thought of the intellectuals of that era on the other hand. This idea was mentioned by intellectuals as the only solution to provide public interests, transition from the crisis of Iran and salvation of failing Iran. The present article by analytical-descriptive method seeks to answer this main question what causes and motives led the Iranian elites and intellectuals to resort to the law as a remedy for chronic pain in the land? Thus, the central idea of the research is that understanding the political thought of Iran in the nineteenth century, especially the trend of thinkers to law and the establishment of order, Is subordinated to understanding of the time of intellectuals and the dominant discourse on Iranian society in the 19th century. A time that was influenced by the inner challenges and miseries and familiarity with the Western world, created questions in the minds of Iranian intellectuals that backwardness was the focal point of these questions and they intelligently summed up the most appropriate answer to the lack of law.

Abstract In recent 19th century Shi`a clergymen entered politics by announcing Jihad against Russia and their presence in politics continued throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. This article recalls constitutional conflicts and studies the results of the probable presence of clergymen in political conflicts in two political and public levels. We also show the position of religion and clergymen in the Iranian society. This article claims that ignoring the various, ambiguous and changing nature of politics and reducing it to the right against wrong conflicts can reproduce the hostile and divided to “friend and enemy” atmosphere in the society and then threaten internal social solidarity and it also can downgrade the social position of the clergymen. Investigating the hostile and violent conflicts of  the constitutional revolution and their consequences can prove this claim.

AbstractImposed Iraq War against Islamic Republic of Iran was one of the most important happenings and the longest war of the twentieth century started from 1359 and continued until 1367. With the start of the Iraq war against Iran, The United Nations Security Council had different reactions to respond this war. Several Resolutions by the UN Security Council were issued to end the war and invite the parties to peace. The issued Resolutions by the Security Council for failure to meet the demands of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the introduction of the aggressor, were confronted by Iran's refusal to accept every time. Eventually, Resolution of 598 was issued by the Security Council in July 1366. This statement is different from other Resolutions issued by the Security Council regarding the Iraq war and Iran. After one year, Islamic Republic of Iran with no reject or accept the Resolution, agreed to accept it, and ended the war. Islamic Republic of Iran did not have proper economic situation in final years of war. Government’s economic policies were seriously influenced by bad economic situation. Economic infrastructures were severely damaged and weak. The government of Islamic Republic of Iran was in difficulty in providing and managing the costs of war and other costs related to the country and lives of people. Iran's economic situation was also heavily influenced by the country's military policy. The present article, while pointing to Iran's economic conditions during eight years of the holy defense and emphasizing the final three years of war, seeks to answer the question of what was the main political context for the adoption of 598 by Iran. The hypothesis of the present article is that the political economy challenges of Iranian government were the main reasons for adoption of Resolution of 598.

AbstractThe world, over the past two centuries, has witnessed great and remarkable advances and improvements in various fields of science, economics, politics, culture and society. The pace of these improvements has been intensified since the second half of the twentieth century until today. He conclusion of these advance and evolution, although has led to wonderful innovations, facilities and capacities and caused to Fundamental changes in various bio-social dimensions, but for that reason has increased world problems and social relations of nations and at a macro level, international politics has faced many difficulties and problems. From the point of view of Supreme Leader, arrangement and formulation by which this situation have drawn from world policy and international relationships are structures that are interpreted as “domination system” in his view. The present article answer three questions of domination system quiddity, why and reasons of its formation and solutions as well as its way to confront it from the point of view of Ayatollah Khamenei. And conclude that domination and submissiveness as the main nature of domination system are the results of scientific misuse and non- adherence to the values of Western-American claims that has led them to rebellious, colonialism and exploitation. He searches the way to deal with this deviation and domination in using policies and several methods that returning to nature and Islamic faith (for Muslims), trying to get scientific, cultural, economic and political independence and fight and resistance against the domination powers including them.